Chrysanthemin

Chrysanthemin

IUPAC name (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol chloride
Other names Chrysontenin Glucocyanidin Asterin Chrysanthemin Purple corn color Kuromanin chloride Cyanidin 3-glucoside Cyanidol 3-glucoside Cyanidine 3-glucoside Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside Cyanidin 3-monoglucoside
Identifiers
CAS number	7084-24-4^Y
PubChem	197081
ChemSpider	170681^Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [Cl-].O(c1c([o+]c2c(c1)c(O)cc(O)c2)c3ccc(O)c(O)c3)[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C21H20O11.ClH/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8;/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26);1H/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21-;/m1./s1^Y Key: YTMNONATNXDQJF-UBNZBFALSA-N^Y InChI=1/C21H20O11.ClH/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8;/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26);1H/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21-;/m1./s1 Key: YTMNONATNXDQJF-UBNZBFALBB
Properties
Molecular formula	C₂₁H₂₁O₁₁⁺, Cl^- C₂₁H₂₁ClO₁₁
Molar mass	484.83 g/mol (chloride) 449.38 g/mol
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

UV visible spectrum of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside.

Chrysanthemin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of cyanidin.

Natural occurrences

Chrysanthemin can be found in the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa), different Japanese angiosperms,^[1]Rhaponticum,^[2] The fruits of the smooth arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) appear blue. One of he major pigments is cyanidin 3-glucoside, but the total mixture is very complex.^[3]

in food

It has been detected in blackcurrant pomace, victoria plum,^[4]peach^[5] and açaí.^[6]

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Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in Escherichia coli was demonstrated by mean of metabolic genetic engineering.^[7]

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References

^ A survey of anthocyanins in sprouting leaves of some Japanese angiosperms studies on anthocyanins, LXV. Kunijiro Yoshitama, Makiko Ozaku, Michiko Hujii and Kôzô Hayashi, Journal of plant research, Volume 85, Number 4, pages 303-306, doi:10.1007/BF02490176
^ Chrysanthemin and cyanin in species of the genus Rhaponticum. V. V. Vereskovskii and I. I. Chekalinskaya, Chemistry of natural compounds, Volume 14, Number 4, pages 450-451, doi:10.1007/BF00565267
^ Food colorants: Anthocyanins. F.J. Francis and Pericles C. Markakis, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1989, Volume 28, Issue 4, pages 273-314, doi:10.1080/10408398909527503
^ The chemical constituents of victoria plums: Chrysanthemin, acid and pectin contents. D. Dickinson and Joy H. Gawler, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Volume 7, Issue 11, November 1956, pp. 699–705 doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740071103
^ Postharvest sensory and phenolic characterization of ‘Elegant Lady’ and ‘Carson’ peaches. Rodrigo Infante, Loreto Contador, Pía Rubio, Danilo Aros and Álvaro Peña-Neira, Chilean Journal Of Agricultural Research, 71(3), July–September 2011, pages 445-451 (article)
^ Del Pozo-Insfran D, Brenes CH, Talcott ST (March 2004). "Phytochemical composition and pigment stability of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)". J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (6): 1539–45. doi:10.1021/jf035189n. PMID 15030208.
^ Yan Y, Chemler J, Huang L, Martens S, Koffas MA (2005). "Metabolic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (7): 3617–23. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3617-3623.2005. PMID 16000769.

v t e Anthocyanidins and their anthocyanin glucosides

3-hydroxyanthocyanidins	5-Desoxy-peonidin Aurantinidin Cyanidin 6-Hydroxycyanidin Delphinidin Fisetinidin Guibourtinidin Pelargonidin Robinetinidin

3-deoxyanthocyanidins	Apigeninidin Columnidin Diosmetinidin Gesneridin Luteolinidin Tricetinidin

O-methylated anthocyanidins	5-Desoxy-malvidin Capensinidin Europinidin Hirsutidin Malvidin Peonidin Petunidin Pulchellidin Rosinidin

Anthocyanins	Antirrhinin (Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside) Chrysanthemin (Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) Malvin (Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside) Myrtillin (Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside) Oenin (Malvidin-3-O-glucoside) Petunidin 3,5-O-diglucoside Petunidin 3-O-arabinoside Petunidin 3-O-galactoside Petunidin-3-O-glucoside Petunidin 3-O-rhamnoside Petunidin-3-O-rutinoside Peonidin-3-O-glucoside Primulin (Malvidin-3-O-galactoside) Pulchellidin 3-glucoside Pulchellidin 3-rhamnoside Tulipanin (Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside)

Acetylated anthocyanins	Cyanidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-glucoside Delphinidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-glucoside Malvidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-glucoside Petunidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-galactoside Petunidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-glucoside Peonidin-3-O-(6-acetyl)-glucoside

Coumaroylated anthocyanins (cis- and trans-)	Cyanidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside Cyanidin-3-O-(di-p-coumarylglucoside)-5-glucoside Delphinidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside Malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside Petunidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside Peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside

Caffeoylated anthocyanins	Malvidin-3-O-(6-p-caffeoyl)glucoside Peonidin-3-O-(6-p-caffeoyl)glucoside

p-hydroxybenzoylated anthocyanins	Violdelphin

Flavanol-anthocyanin adducts	Malvidin glucoside-ethyl-catechin

Misc.	Metalloanthocyanins (Commelinin Cyanosalvianin Protocyanin Protodelphin) Pyranoanthocyanins Copigmentation

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Last modified on 20 May 2013, at 15:19