Charles "Rich" Richard Patterson (1833 – 1910) was an African-American carriage manufacturer, entrepreneur and civil rights activist; he founded precursor companies to C.R. Patterson and Sons.[1][2][3]
Charles Richard Patterson | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | April 1833 Virginia, US |
| Died | April 26, 1910 Greenfield, Ohio, US |
| Other names | C.R. Patterson, Rich Patterson |
| Occupation(s) | Carriage manufacture and design |
| Employer | C.R. Patterson and Sons |
| Known for | Early African-American manufacturer and entrepreneur, civil rights activist |
| Children | 5, including Frederick |
Early life edit
Patterson was born in April 1833 as a slave on a Virginia plantation.[1][4][5] He was the oldest of the thirteen children of Charles and Nancy Patterson.[6][2] There are conflicting stories on how he left the plantation, he ended up living in Greenfield, Ohio, which was also the site of an underground railroad station.[1][5] It is thought he left Virginia right before the American Civil War in 1861.[6]
In c.1865, he married Josephine Utz (aka Outz, and Qutz), a mulatto woman of German descent.[6] Together they had five children, Mary (1866), Frederick "Fred" Douglas (1871), Dorothea "Dollie" (c.1871), Samuel C. (1873), and Catherine "Kate" (1879).[6]
Career edit
He initially worked at Dines and Simpson Carriage and Coach Makers Company, and learned blacksmithing.[7] Charles Patterson later formed a partnership with James P. Lowe (J. P. Lowe), a white man, they created J.P. Lowe & Company in 1873.[1][3][7]
In 1880, he served as a trustee of the Greenfield African Methodist Episcopal Church (Greenfield A.M.E. Church) and served as a Sunday school teacher.[2] When his oldest son Fred was not allowed to attend the public high school due to racial segregation, Charles filed a court case, Patterson vs The Board of Education, in Highland County Court of Common Pleas with the help of Rev. James A. Shorter of his church.[2][8] The verdict came in April 1887, and Patterson was allowed to attend the public school Greenfield High School.[2]
In 1893, Charles Patterson bought out the remaining shares of the J. P. Lowe & Company and the name was changed to C.R. Patterson, Son & Company, to mark the inclusion of his son Samuel to the business.[3] Samuel C. Patterson fell ill in 1897, and died in 1899.[3] His eldest son Frederick Douglas Patterson moved home to help with the business.[9]
After Charles R. Patterson's death on April 26, 1910, his son Frederick Douglas Patterson took over the carriage business and decided they needed to get into the "Patterson horseless carriage" business.[1][10]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "Charles R. Patterson, Inventor born". African American Registry. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ a b c d e "The Patterson Automobile". Historical Society of Greenfield, Ohio. Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ a b c d Berk, Brett (2019-02-15). "The Only African American Automaker Started as a Coachbuilder". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ Images of America, Greenfield. The Historical Society of Greenfield. Arcadia Publishing. 2012. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7385-8873-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b "C.R. Patterson and Sons: The First and Only African-American Automobile Company". Your AAA Network. 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ a b c d Theobald, Mark (2004). "Greenfield Bus Body Co., C.R. Patterson & Sons, Peterson-Greenfield, J.P. Lowe & Co., Frederick D. Patterson, Charles R. Peterson, Black Auto Mfr". Coachbult.com. Archived from the original on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ a b "The Only African American Automobile Company". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Smithsonian. 2017-10-11. Archived from the original on 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ Schmidt, Harold. "State of Ohio on relation of C. R. Patterson vs The Board of Education of the Incorporated Village of Greenfield, Ohio, and W. G. Moler as Superintendent" (PDF). Greenfield Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-03-26.
- ^ Koniki, Steve (21 March 1976). "Better than the Model T". Newspapers.com. Dayton Daily News. p. 17. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
- ^ Wolny, Philip (2017-07-15). African American Entrepreneurs: Stories of Success. Lucent Library of Black History. Greenhaven Publishing. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-1-5345-6079-6.
External links edit
