Carl Heumann (19 March 1886 – 5 March 1945) was a German art collector persecuted by the Nazis because of his Jewish origins.
Early life edit
Carl Heumann was born on 19 March 1886 in Cologne to Jewish parents. He converted to Protestantism in 1917 when he met and married Irmgard, who was a Protestant.[1] He was a banker at Bankhaus Bayer & Heintze and consul in Chemnitz.[2]
Art collector edit
As an art collector, he was interested in German art of the Romantic period. He collected drawings by German and Austrian artists from the 18th and 19th centuries.[3]
Persecution under the Nazis edit
In 1938, Heumann was economically ruined by the Nazi's racial persecution: forced out of his own banking house, he had to pay the "Judenvermögensabgabe" and was no longer allowed to manage his own financial affairs, as a "Sicherungsanordnung" had been issued over his assets. Heumann was regarded by the Nazis as a ”full Jew.” At first he was protected by his mixed marriage. After the death of his non-Jewish wife Irmgard in January 1944, his protection ceased. He was forced to sell artworks, including three Fendi and Gensler prints, to ensure the family's livelihood.[1]
Death edit
Heumann was killed in a bombing raid in Chemnitz on 5 March 1945. Two of his children went to the USA after the Second World War, where many of his descendants live today.[1]
Legacy: provenance research and restitutions edit
Several German museums are researching Heumann. In recognition of his persecution, the Kupferstich-Kabinett der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden, the Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin and the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München, among others, approached Carl Heumann's descendants in order to find a just and fair solution regarding the artworks from his collection.[4][5]
In 2020, the Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden (SKD) restituted three graphic works from the Kupferstich-Kabinett to Heumann's family.[6]
For "Provenance Research Day" on 14 April 2021 Heumann's granddaughter, Carol Heumann Snider, talked with provenance researchers Dr. Katja Lindenau (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden) and Melanie Wittchow (Lenbachhaus), about her grandfather and her father Thomas Heumann, describing how she preserves their stories and memories for her children and grandchildren.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c "SKD Blog: Erinnerung leben: Der Kunstsammler Carl Heumann und seine Familie heute". blog.skd.museum. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Chemnitz, Stadt (3 November 2017). ""Die Kunstsammlung Carl Heumann" – Ein Beispiel für Provenienzforschung an der Albertina Wien". Stadt Chemnitz (in German). Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lenbachhaus – Erinnerung leben: Der Kunstsammler Carl Heumann und seine Familie heute". 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Lenbachhaus – Erinnerung leben". www.lenbachhaus.de (in German). Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "PROVENIENZ MACHT GESCHICHTE. Quellen und Methoden zur Erforschung der Herkunft von Zeichnungen zwischen 1933 und 1945" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 February 2016.
Provenienzforschung an der Albertina Wien am Beispiel der Sammlungen von Marianne Schmidl und Carl Heumann-Julia Eßl, Albertina Wien
- ^ "SKD Blog: Erinnerung leben: Der Kunstsammler Carl Heumann und seine Familie heute". blog.skd.museum. Retrieved 16 October 2021.