Bats Castle is an Iron Age hillfort at the top of a 213 metres (699 ft) high hill in the parish of Carhampton south south west of Dunster in Somerset, England.
Caesar's Camp | |
 Plan of earthworks at Bat's Castle | |
  Shown within Somerset | |
| Location | Carhampton, Somerset, England |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 51°10′11″N 3°26′59″W / 51.16972°N 3.44972°W |
| Altitude | 213 m (699 ft) |
| Type | Hillfort |
| History | |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Official name | Bat's Castle: a small multivallate hillfort and associated outwork |
| Designated | 03 July 1964 |
| Reference no. | 1007667 |
| Identifiers | |
| NHLE | 1007667 |
| Atlas of Hillforts | 4060 |
Though clearly shown on the 1902 Ordnance Survey 25 inch map (Somerset XXXV.14, Revised: 1902, Published: 1904), the site was "identified" in 1983 after some schoolboys found eight silver-plated coins dating from 102BC to AD350.[1][2]
It is on the highest point of Gallox Hill. Previously it was known as Caesar's Camp[3] and is possibly associated with Black Ball Camp. Bat's Castle has two stone ramparts and two ditches. The ramparts are damaged in places and the hill fort is partly covered in scrub.
Bat's Castle may once have been known as the legendary fortress Din Draithou,[4] a place also associated with a fortress built or used by the legendary Irish king and raider Crimthann mac Fidaig.[5]
The site is designated as a scheduled monument.[6]
Background edit
Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[7] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[8] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[9]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "bats Castle". Crown Estates. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ "Bat's Castle, Gallox Hill, Carhampton". Exmoor Historic Environment Record. English Heritage. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ Bush, Robin (1994). Somerset: The complete guide. Wimborne, Dorset: Dovecote Press. pp. 55. ISBN 1-874336-26-1.
- ^ Bat's Castle at The Modern Antiquarian
- ^ Chadwick, pp. 122-3
- ^ "Bat's Castle: a small multivallate hillfort and associated outwork, Carhampton - 1007667 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ Payne, Andrew; Corney, Mark; Cunliffe, Barry (2007), The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England, English Heritage, p. 1, ISBN 978-1-873592-85-4
- ^ Sharples, Niall M (1991), English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle, London: B. T. Batsford, pp. 71–72, ISBN 0-7134-6083-0
- ^ Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds, Channel 4, 19 May 2008, retrieved 16 September 2009
Further reading edit
- Adkins L and R, 1992. A Field Guide to Somerset Archaeology.
- Burrow E J, 1924. Ancient Earthworks and Camps in Somerset.
- Burrow I, 1981. 'Hillforts and Hilltops 1000 AD', in Aston and Burrow, The Archaeology of Somerset.
- Chadwick, Nora K. (et al.), Studies in the Early British Church. Cambridge University Press. 1958.
- Grinsell L V, 1970. The Archaeology of Exmoor.