A bayt[a] (Arabic: بَيْت, romanized: bayt, pronounced [bajt], lit. 'a house') is a metrical unit of Arabic, Azerbaijani, Ottoman, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu poetry.
In Arabic poetry, a bayt corresponds to a single line divided into two hemistichs of equal length, each containing two, three or four feet, or from 16 to 32 syllables.[1] In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the word bayt has come to refer to two lines (like a couplet, although the two lines of a Persian, Turkic or Urdu bayt do not have to rhyme).[2]
William Alexander Clouston concluded that this fundamental part of Arabic prosody originated with the Bedouins or Arabs of the desert, as, in the nomenclature of the different parts of the line, one foot is called "a tent-pole", another "tent-peg" and the two hemistichs of the verse are called after the folds or leaves of the double-door of the tent or "house".[1]
Through Ottoman Turkish,[3] it got into Albanian and the bards of Muslim tradition in the Albanian literature took their name after this metrical unit, the poets known as bejtexhi, meaning literally meaning "couplet makers".[4]
Notes
edit- ^ Also anglicized as bait, beit, beyt.
References
edit- ^ a b "Arabian Poetry for English Readers," by William Alexander Clouston (1881), p. 379 in Google Books
- ^ "ʿARŪŻ" at Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^ Dizdari, Tahir (2005). "Bejte-ja" në Fjalorin e Orientalizmave në Gjuhën Shqipe [Dictionary of orientalisms within the Albanian language]. Tiranë: Instituti Shqiptar i Mendimit dhe i Qytetërimit Islam. p. 89.
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 38. ISBN 9780810861886.