Wikipedia

Art competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics

Art competitions were held as part of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.[1]

1948 London Olympic medals being minted at the works of John Pinches in Clapham

The art exhibition was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum from 15 July to 14 August, and displayed works of art from 27 different countries. The literature competition attracted 44 entries, and the music competition had 36 entries.[2]

The art competitions included multiple subcategories for each of the five artistic categories.[3] The judges declined to award any medals for dramatic works in literature, and no gold medals in another five subcategories. Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland won both a silver medal and a bronze medal for two different entries in the applied arts and crafts subcategory, a feat unlikely to be duplicated in any event in the current Olympic program.

These were the last Games in which art competitions were held, after being in the official program for all Games since 1912.[4] At a meeting of the International Olympic Committee in 1949 it was decided to hold art exhibitions instead, as it was judged illogical to permit professionals to compete in the art competitions while only amateurs were permitted to compete in sporting events.[5] Since 1952 a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each Games.

Architecture edit

Category Gold Silver Bronze
Architectural design   Adolf Hoch (AUT)
"Skisprungschanze auf dem Kobenzl" 		  Alfred Rinesch (AUT)
"Watersports Centre in Carinthia" 		  Nils Olsson (SWE)
"Baths and Sporting Hall for Gothenburg"
Town planning   Yrjö Lindegren (FIN)
"The Centre of Athletics in Varkaus, Finland" 		  Werner Schindler and Edy Knupfer (SUI)
"Swiss Federal Sports and Gymnastics Training Centre" 		  Ilmari Niemeläinen (FIN)
"The Athletic Centre in Kemi, Finland"

Literature edit

Category Gold Silver Bronze
Lyric works   Aale Tynni (FIN)
"Laurel of Hellas" 		  Ernst van Heerden (RSA)
"Six Poems" 		  Gilbert Prouteau (FRA)
"Rythme du Stade"
Dramatic works none awarded none awarded none awarded
Epic works   Giani Stuparich (ITA)
"La Grotta" 		  Josef Petersen (DEN)
"The Olympic Champion" 		  Éva Földes (HUN)
"The Well of Youth"

Music edit

Category Gold Silver Bronze
Vocal none awarded none awarded   Gabriele Bianchi (ITA)
"Inno Olimpionico"
Instrumental and chamber none awarded   John Weinzweig (CAN)
"Divertimenti for Solo Flute and Strings" 		  Sergio Lauricella (ITA)
"Toccata per Pianoforte"
Choral and orchestral   Zbigniew Turski (POL)
"Olympic Symphony" 		  Kalervo Tuukkanen (FIN)
"Karhunpyynti" 		  Erling Brene (DEN)
"Vigeur"

Painting and graphic art edit

Category Gold Silver Bronze
Oils and water colours   Alfred Thomson (GBR)
"London Amateur Championships" 		  Giovanni Stradone (ITA)
"Le Pistard" 		  Letitia Hamilton (IRL)
"Meath Hunt Point-to-Point Races"
Engravings and etchings   Albert Decaris (FRA)
"Swimming Pool" 		  John Copley (GBR)
"Polo Players" 		  Walter Battiss (RSA)
"Seaside Sport"
Applied arts and crafts none awarded   Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
"World Championship for Cycling Poster" 		  Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
"World Championship for Ice Hockey Poster"

Sculpture edit

Category Gold Silver Bronze
Statues   Gustaf Nordahl (SWE)
"Homage to Ling" 		  Chintamoni Kar (GBR)
"The Stag" 		  Hubert Yencesse (FRA)
"Nageuse"
Reliefs none awarded none awarded   Rosamund Fletcher (GBR)
"The End of the Covert"
Medals and plaques none awarded   Oskar Thiede (AUT)
"Eight Sports Plaques" 		  Edwin Grienauer (AUT)
"Prize Rowing Trophy"

Medal table edit

At the time, medals were awarded to these artists, but art competitions are no longer regarded as official Olympic events by the International Olympic Committee. These events do not appear in the IOC medal database,[6] and these totals are not included in the IOC's medal table for the 1948 Games.[7]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Finland (FIN)2114
2  Austria (AUT)1214
  Great Britain (GBR)1214
4  Italy (ITA)1124
5  France (FRA)1023
6  Sweden (SWE)1012
7  Poland (POL)1001
8  Switzerland (SUI)0213
9  Denmark (DEN)0112
  South Africa (RSA)0112
11  Canada (CAN)0101
12  Hungary (HUN)0011
  Ireland (IRL)0011
Totals (13 entries)8111332

Events summary edit

Architecture edit

Designs for Town Planning

The following architects took part:[8]

Rank Name Country
1 Yrjö Lindegren   Finland
2 Edy Knupfer, Werner Schindler   Switzerland
3 Ilmari Niemeläinen   Finland
AC Jack Néel, Pierre Vago   France

Architectural designs

The following architects took part:[9]

Rank Name Country
1 Adolf Hoch   Austria
2 Alfred Rinesch   Austria
3 Nils Olsson   Sweden
AC Dagoberto Ortensi   Italy
AC Dragan Boltar   Yugoslavia
AC Franjo Neidhardt   Yugoslavia
AC Vladimir Turina   Yugoslavia
AC František Marek   Czechoslovakia
AC Patrick Horsbrugh   Great Britain
AC Örjan Lüning   Sweden
AC Ferdinand Marani   Canada
AC Robert Morris   Canada

Further entries

The following architects took part:[10]

Rank Name Country
AC Charles Terry Pledge   Great Britain
AC Wilhelm Andreas Herdey   Austria
AC Lorle Herdey-von Savageri   Austria
AC Alexander Scott   Great Britain
AC A. Tarık Eğrilmez   Turkey
AC Renato Giovanelli   Italy
AC Dagoberto Ortensi   Italy
AC Thurston Williams   Great Britain
AC Maxwell Ayrton   Great Britain
AC Hans Janssen   Netherlands
AC Walter van der Valk   Netherlands
AC Eskil Lundahl   Sweden
AC Sture Frölén   Sweden
Rank Name Country
AC Jan Wils   Netherlands
AC Hans Asplund   Sweden
AC Berkeley Moir   Great Britain
AC Patroklos Karantinos   Greece
AC Karel Kuthan   Czechoslovakia
AC Sjoerd Joustra   Netherlands
AC Predrag Kovačević   Yugoslavia
AC Harold Kaplan   Canada
AC Abraham Sprachman   Canada
AC Vlastibor Klimeš   Czechoslovakia
AC Ferdinand Balcárek   Czechoslovakia
AC Mario Ghedina   Italy
AC Konstantinos Aslanidis   Greece
Rank Name Country
AC Guy Ardilouze   France
AC Jean Démaret   France
AC Othello Zavaroni   France
AC Carlo Di Maria   Italy
AC Alfred Ferraz   France
AC Lucien Seignol   France
AC Georges Tourry   France
AC Auguste Perret   France
AC Guy Sabrou   France
AC Siegfried Theiß   Austria
AC Hans Jaksch   Austria
AC Dermot O'Toole   Ireland

Literature edit

Dramatic works

The following writers took part:[11]

Rank Name Country
AC Clotilde Luisi   Uruguay
AC José María Podestá   Uruguay
AC Benoît Bickel   Switzerland

Epic works

The following writers took part:[12]

Rank Name Country
1 Giani Stùparich   Italy
2 Josef Petersen   Denmark
3 Éva Földes   Hungary
AC Hans Breidbach-Bernau   Austria
AC Stanislaus Lynch   Ireland
AC Giorgio Caproni   Italy
AC Max Ehinger   Switzerland
AC Miklós Jós   Hungary
AC Philip Greene   Ireland
AC Philip Rooney   Ireland
AC Juuse Tamminen   Finland
AC Joel Laikka   Finland

Lyric works

The following writers took part:[13]

Rank Name Country
1 Aale Tynni   Finland
2 Ernst Van Heerden   South Africa
3 Gilbert Prouteau   France
AC Heikki Asunta   Finland
AC Eleuter Iwaszkiewicz   Poland
AC Walter Roberts   Great Britain
AC Giorgio Caproni   Italy
AC Michele Caballo Galleano   Italy
AC Benoît Bickel   Switzerland
AC Ferdinand Schell   Switzerland
AC René Borchanne   Switzerland
AC Stanislaus Lynch   Ireland
AC Flora Vere O'Brien   Ireland

Unknown event

The following writers took part:[14]

Rank Name Country
AC Geraldine Wright   Canada
AC Doris Hedges   Canada
AC Gérard Bessette   Canada
AC François Hertel   Canada

Music edit

Compositions for orchestra

The following composers took part:[15]

Rank Name Country
1 Zbigniew Turski   Poland
2 Kalervo Tuukkanen   Finland
3 Erling Brene   Denmark
AC Grażyna Bacewicz   Poland
AC Einar Englund   Finland
AC Jan Kapr   Czechoslovakia
AC Maurice Thiriet   France
AC Stanisław Wiechowicz   Poland
AC Yves Baudrier   France
AC Werner Gallusser   Switzerland
AC Jean Daetwyler   Switzerland
AC Clermont Pépin   Canada
AC Alexander Brott   Canada
AC Oskar Morawetz   Canada
AC Aarre Merikanto   Finland

Instrumental and chamber

The following composers took part:[16]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 John Weinzweig   Canada
3 Sergio Lauricella   Italy
AC Jean Coulthard Adams   Canada
AC Mario Panunzi   Italy
AC Harry Somers   Canada
AC James C. Flynn   Ireland

Vocals

The following composers took part:[17]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Not awarded
3 Gabriele Bianchi   Italy
AC Ina Boyle   Ireland
AC Barbara Pentland   Canada
AC Harry Somers   Canada
AC John Weinzweig   Canada
AC Gerard Victory   Ireland
AC Jan Zdeněk Bartoš   Czechoslovakia

Unknown event

The following composers took part:[18]

Rank Name Country
AC Václav Dobiáš   Czechoslovakia
AC Josef Kouba   Czechoslovakia

Painting edit

Graphic arts

The following painters took part:[19]

Rank Name Country
1 Albert Decaris   France
2 John Copley   Great Britain
3 Walter Battiss   South Africa
AC Laura Knight   Great Britain
AC Adam Marczyński   Poland
AC Gino De Finetti   Italy
AC Chen Hsiao-nan   Republic of China
AC John Skeaping   Great Britain
AC Gwen Raverat   Great Britain
AC Lilla Hellesen   Norway
AC Andrzej Jurkiewicz   Poland
AC Delmar Banner   Great Britain
AC André Dunoyer de Segonzac   France
AC Flora Vere O'Brien   Ireland
AC Hans Erni   Switzerland
AC Heinrich Krause   Austria
AC James Bostock   Great Britain
AC John Buckland-Wright   Great Britain
AC Livinius van de Bundt   Netherlands
AC Luc Albert Moreau   France
AC William Washington   Great Britain
AC Winifred Austen   Great Britain
AC Luigi Bartolini   Italy
AC Frederick Austin   Great Britain
AC Anthony Gross   Great Britain

Paintings

The following painters took part:[20]

Rank Name Country
1 Alfred Thomson   Great Britain
2 Giovanni Stradone   Italy
3 Letitia Hamilton   Ireland
AC Thies Luijt   Netherlands
AC Aimé Thevenet   France
AC Cosmo Clark   Great Britain
AC Fritz Brandtner   Canada
AC Lucien Fontanarosa   France
AC Walter Battiss   South Africa
AC Giuseppe Riccobaldi del Bava   Italy
AC Mimma Riccobaldi del Bava   Italy
AC A. G. Chagale   India
AC Alfred Gerstenbrand   Austria
AC Anthony Gross   Great Britain
AC Bettina Somers   Canada
AC Chang Chien-ying   Republic of China
Rank Name Country
AC Corrado Mancioli   Italy
AC Delmar Banner   Great Britain
AC Hernando Ocampo   Philippines
AC Howard Jarvis   Great Britain
AC Jan Goedhart   Netherlands
AC John Platt   Great Britain
AC K. S. Kulkarni   India
AC Karl-Maria May   Austria
AC Lionel Edwards   Great Britain
AC Lotti Lobsiger-Schibli   Switzerland
AC Mino Maccari   Italy
AC Robert Lips   Switzerland
AC Roy Beddington   Great Britain
AC Russell Reeve   Great Britain
AC John Sanderson-Wells   Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Sun Zongwei   Republic of China
AC Cheng Wu-fei   Republic of China
AC Alfred Egerton Cooper   Great Britain
AC Paul Maze   Great Britain
AC Karl Borschke   Austria
AC Laura Knight   Great Britain
AC John Copley   Great Britain
AC John Skeaping   Great Britain
AC Anna Zinkeisen   Great Britain
AC Gino De Finetti   Italy
AC Clifford Hall   Great Britain
AC Vera Matthews-Irving   Canada
AC Maurice MacGonigal   Ireland
AC Ciaran Clear   Ireland
AC Thomas Healy   Ireland

Unknown event

The following painters took part:[21]

Rank Name Country
AC Adrienne Jouclard   France
AC Anna Zinkeisen   Great Britain
AC Deirdre Henty-Creer   Great Britain
AC Doris Zinkeisen   Great Britain
AC Ethel Gabain   Great Britain
AC Heather Child   Great Britain
AC Paula Maly   Austria
AC Vera Brookman   Great Britain
AC Louis De Marquevic   France
AC Alfred Egerton Cooper   Great Britain
AC Alec Pecker   Great Britain
AC Alfred Munnings   Great Britain
AC Allan Walton   Great Britain
AC Kees Andrea   Netherlands
AC Angelo Savelli   Italy
AC Ásgeir Bjarnþórsson   Iceland
AC Charles Cundall   Great Britain
AC Charles Lamb   Ireland
AC Zhang Anzhi   Republic of China
AC Christopher Campbell   Ireland
AC Clifford Hall   Great Britain
AC Kees Maks   Netherlands
AC Dimitrios Kokotsis   Greece
AC Daniel Vázquez   Spain
AC Coralie de Burgh   Great Britain
AC Dick Hart   Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Domenico Purificato   Italy
AC Eduard Matras   Austria
AC Edith Marion Scales   Great Britain
AC Ekke Ozlberger   Austria
AC Elli Riehl   Austria
AC Emil Kotrba   Czechoslovakia
AC Felice Ludovisi   Italy
AC Feliks Topolski   Great Britain
AC Frederick Austin   Great Britain
AC George Pilkington   South Africa
AC Giuseppe Capogrossi   Italy
AC Gijs Kramer   Netherlands
AC Hans Erni   Switzerland
AC Helen Sampson   Great Britain
AC Henryk Tomaszewski   Poland
AC Hervé Morvan   France
AC Herbert Gurschner   Great Britain
AC Jack Hanlon   Ireland
AC Jacques Maloubier   France
AC João Fragoso   Portugal
AC John Farleigh   Great Britain
AC John Wheatley   Great Britain
AC Karl Borschke   Austria
AC Klaus Pachnicke   Austria
AC Luigi Bartolini   Italy
AC Jerry Critchlow   Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Mario Cortiello   Italy
AC Max Frey   Austria
AC Paul Daxhelet   Belgium
AC Paul Maze   Great Britain
AC Roy de Maistre   Great Britain
AC Ray Howard-Jones   Great Britain
AC Richard Murry   Great Britain
AC Thomas Dugdale   Great Britain
AC Victor Coverley-Price   Great Britain
AC Vittorio Piscopo   Italy
AC A. Wynne-Rogers   Great Britain
AC Wilhelm Kaufmann   Austria
AC William Fisher   Great Britain
AC Denholm Armour   Great Britain
AC Charles Simpson   Great Britain
AC Laura Knight   Great Britain
AC Howard Jarvis   Great Britain
AC Frederic Whiting   Great Britain
AC Cosmo Clark   Great Britain
AC Letitia Hamilton   Ireland
AC Norman Wilkinson   Great Britain
AC William Nicholson   Great Britain
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann   Switzerland
AC Winifred Austen   Great Britain
AC Ian James Scott   Great Britain

Applied arts

The following painters took part:[22]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Alex Walter Diggelmann   Switzerland
3 Alex Walter Diggelmann   Switzerland
AC Bernard Cuzner   Great Britain
AC Stanley Morris   Great Britain
AC Cecily Briant   Great Britain
AC Gertrude Bohnert   Switzerland
AC Jacques Maloubier   France
AC Gertrude Poilschek   Austria
AC Helena Stuliková   Czechoslovakia
AC Josephine Cheesman   Great Britain
AC Joyce Himsworth   Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Phyllis Platt   Great Britain
AC Alf von Chmielowski   Austria
AC Alois Mitschek   Austria
AC Cyril Shiner   Great Britain
AC Edgard Derouet   France
AC Paul Fromentier   France
AC Freda Hands   Great Britain
AC Geoffrey Holden   Great Britain
AC H. E. Twaits   Great Britain
AC Ian James Scott   Great Britain
AC John Auld   Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz   Poland
AC Johann Horvath   Austria
AC Rudolf Terhes   Austria
AC Lucien Bernier   Canada
AC Mans Meijer   Netherlands
AC Paul Colin   France
AC Peter Stebbing   Great Britain
AC Ralph Lavers   Great Britain
AC Reginald Till   Great Britain
AC William Wilson   Great Britain
AC Yvon Lalande   Canada

Sculpture edit

Medals and plaques

The following sculptors took part:[23]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Oskar Thiede   Austria
3 Edwin Grienauer   Austria
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann   Switzerland
AC Filippo Sgarlata   Italy
AC Stanislav Binar   Czechoslovakia
AC Alessandro Manzo   Italy
AC Omero Taddeini   Italy
AC Thomas Wilkinson   Great Britain

Reliefs

The following sculptors took part:[24]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Not awarded
3 Rosamund Fletcher   Great Britain

Statues

The following sculptors took part:[25]

Rank Name Country
1 Gustaf Nordahl   Sweden
2 Chintamoni Kar   Great Britain
3 Hubert Yencesse   France
AC Emilio Greco   Italy
AC Filippo Sgarlata   Italy
AC Franciszek Strynkiewicz   Poland
AC Jerzy Bandura   Poland
AC Joseph Rivière   France
AC Knud Nellemose   Denmark
AC Margarete Markl   Austria
AC Edwin Grienauer   Austria
AC Edmund Reitter   Austria
AC Karl Stemolak   Austria
AC Guy Van Den Steen   Belgium
AC Elsy Blom-Wirz   Belgium
Rank Name Country
AC Odon Lallemand   Belgium
AC Sybil Kennedy   Canada
AC Robert Norgate   Canada
AC Henri Lagriffoul   France
AC Joël Martel   France
AC Jan Martel   France
AC Dora Gordine   Great Britain
AC David Evans   Great Britain
AC Mary Morton   Great Britain
AC Phyllis Bone   Great Britain
AC Eric Winters   Great Britain
AC Desmond Broe   Ireland
AC Edmondo Gigante   Ireland
AC May Power   Ireland
AC Filippo Tallone   Italy
Rank Name Country
AC Angelo Di Castro   Italy
AC Alessandro Manzo   Italy
AC Co Derr   Netherlands
AC Graciano Nepomuceno   Philippines
AC Jacek Żuławski   Poland
AC Jan Ślusarczyk   Poland
AC Maria Bujakowa   Poland
AC Helena Bukowska-Szlekys   Poland
AC Hans Brandenberger   Switzerland
AC Ferdy Denzler   Switzerland
AC Olof Ahlberg   Sweden
AC Karel Otáhal   Czechoslovakia
AC Jakub Obrovský   Czechoslovakia
AC Jindřich Severa   Czechoslovakia

Unknown event

The following sculptors took part:[26]

Rank Name Country
AC Karl Stemolak   Austria
AC Kostas Valsamis   Greece
AC Peter Peri   Great Britain
AC Leoncillo Leonardi   Italy
AC Marcel Chauvenet   France
AC Marino Mazzacurati   Italy
AC Maurice Lambert   Great Britain
AC Michael Drobil   Austria
AC Otto Hofner   Austria
AC Paul Vincze   Great Britain
AC Tait McKenzie   Canada
AC Raymond Coulon   France
Rank Name Country
AC René Iché   France
AC Robert Allan Miller   Great Britain
AC Siegfried Charoux   Great Britain
AC Hugo Daini   Italy
AC V. Robinson Hodge   Great Britain
AC Wäinö Aaltonen   Finland
AC Walter Linck   Switzerland
AC Rosamund Fletcher   Great Britain
AC Chintamoni Kar   Great Britain
AC Norman Tyrrell   Great Britain
AC Antoni Kenar   Poland
AC Jakub Obrovský   Czechoslovakia
Rank Name Country
AC Guy Van Den Steen   Belgium
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann   Switzerland
AC Knud Nellemose   Denmark
AC Filippo Sgarlata   Italy
AC Ferdinand Opitz   Austria
AC Edmund Moiret   Austria
AC Albin Döbrich   Austria
AC Karin Jarl-Sakellarios   Austria
AC Jack Downing   Great Britain
AC Charles Stanier   Great Britain
AC W. G. Webb   Great Britain
AC Gertrude Bohnert   Switzerland

References edit

  1. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ (ed.) Lord Burghley (1951). The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad (PDF). London: Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. pp. 195–198, 535–537. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Wagner, Juergen. "Olympic Art Competition 1948 London". Olympic Games Museum. Archived from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  4. ^ Kramer, Bernhard (May 2004). "In Search of the Lost Champions of the Olympic Art Contests" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 12 (2): 29–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  5. ^ Bolanaki, A. (June 1951). "Report on Art Exhibitions" (PDF). Bulletin du Comité International Olympique (27). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee: 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  6. ^ "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  7. ^ "London 1948 Medal Table". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  8. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Designs For Town Planning, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Architectural Designs, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  10. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Further Entries, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Dramatic Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Epic Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  13. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Lyric Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Unknown Event, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Compositions For Orchestra, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Instrumental And Chamber, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Vocals, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  18. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Unknown Event, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Graphic Arts, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  20. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Paintings, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Unknown Event, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Applied Arts, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  23. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Medals And Plaques, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  24. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Reliefs, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  25. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Statues, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  26. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Unknown Event, Open". Retrieved 27 August 2020.
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