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Arctesthes catapyrrha

Arctesthes catapyrrha is a moth of the family Geometridae.[2] It is endemic to New Zealand.

Arctesthes catapyrrha
Male
Female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Genus: Arctesthes
Species:
A. catapyrrha
Binomial name
Arctesthes catapyrrha
(Butler, 1877)[1]
Synonyms[1][2][3]
  • Fidonia catapyrrha Butler, 1877
  • Stratonice catapyrrha (Butler, 1877)
  • Notoreas catapyrrha (Butler, 1877)
  • Coremia euclidiata Guenée, 1857
  • Lythria euclidiata (Guenée, 1857)
  • Lythria catapyrrha (Butler, 1877)
  • Arctesthes catapyrrha fasciata Prout, 1929
  • Arctesthes catapyrrha kaikourensis Prout, 1939

Taxonomy edit

 

This species was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877 using specimens collected by James Hector and J. D. Enys and named Fidonia catapyrrha.[4] In 1884 Edward Meyrick placed this species in the newly described genus Stratonice.[5] In 1885 Meyrick replaced this preoccupied name with Arctesthes.[6] However also in 1885 Meyrick synonymised Arctesthes catapyrrha with Coremia euclidiata (now known as Chrysolarentia euclidiata).[7] In 1898 George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under the name Lythria euclidiata, following this error made by Meyrick.[8] In 1912 George Blundell Longstaff corrected Meyrick's error.[9] In 1917 Meyrick agreed with that correction.[10] In 1928 Hudson again discussed and illustrated this species but this time, again following Meyrick, under the name Lythria catapyrrha.[11] Robin C. Craw in 1986 reinstated the genus Arctesthes and placed this species within it.[12] In 1988 J. S. Dugdale confirmed this placement and while doing so synonymised two forms, fasciata and kaikourensis, that had been previously named by Louis Beethoven Prout, into this species.[2] In 2019 Brian and Hamish Patrick as well as Robert Hoare reviewed the genus Arctesthes and again confirmed this species placement within it.[3] The male holotype specimen, collected at Castle Hill in Canterbury, is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[2]

Description edit

Butler described this species as follows:

♂,♀. Primaries above whitish, clouded and banded with brown ; the principal markings are an angulated transverse subbasal dark brown band ; two central bands forming a band, its inner edge subangulated, its outer edge very irregular, projecting within the median interspaces; an interrupted submarginal brown streak; a brown apical spot, and five oval marginal red spots enclosing black dots at their interior extremities ; fringe alternately brown and white ; secondaries ochre-yellow, with a central angulated bifid band, an angulated submarginal streak, and the outer border composed of dark grey scales ; a marginal series of black dots ; fringe grey ; body brown ; abdomen banded with white : primaries below stramineous ; an angulated postmedian band, bifid above the median nervure, a dot at end of cell, an irregular transverse tapering subapical streak, and the centre of the outer border black-brown ; a subapical spot, and the apical border pale ferruginous ; a spot on the costa, and an irregular apical submarginal streak, white ; fringe alternately brown and white ; secondaries brick-red ; a central longitudinal cuneiform streak proceeding from the base to near the outer margin, and the abdominal border, white ; a spot close to the base, a central angulated transverse band, a claviform submarginal streak, and a spot on the outer margin, black ; fringe grey ; body below whitish. Expanse of wings 8+1⁄2 lines.[4]

Dugdale mentions that the male holotype specimen collected in Canterbury has the typical colouration for that area of hindwings strongly coloured with red below.[2] Specimens in Otago have less red colouration and the discal strip is not red.[2]

Distribution edit

This species is endemic to New Zealand.[12][3] A. catapyrrha is widespread and is found in open areas from coastal to alpine locations.[13] It prefers stony habitat such as shingle riverbeds and stony fields.[14] It has been observed in the Mackenzie Country,[15] Kaitorete Spit,[16] near the Waimakariri River,[16] and in Central Otago.[17]

Life stages edit

 
Arctesthes catapyrrha larva

A. catapyrrha is a day flying moth.[18] Adult moths can be seen between October and March.[16][18]

Host species edit

Larvae of A. catapyrrha feed on a wide range of low herbs including Plantago species and on Raoulia australis.[12][18] The adults of this moth are known to pollinate Raoulia subsericea.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "NZOR Name Details - Arctesthes catapyrrha (Butler, 1877)". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Dugdale, J. S. (1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 14: 170–171. ISSN 0111-5383. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Patrick, Brian H.; Patrick, Hamish J.H.; Hoare, Robert J.B. (2019-05-29). "Review of the endemic New Zealand genus Arctesthes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae), with descriptions of two new range-restricted species". Alpine Entomology. 3: 121–136. doi:10.3897/alpento.3.33944. ISSN 2535-0889 – via Pensoft.
  4. ^ a b Butler, Arthur Gardiner (1877). "On two collections of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from New Zealand, with descriptions of new genera and species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 379–407 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. ^ Edward Meyrick (May 1884). "A Monograph of the New Zealand Geometrina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 16: 49–113. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q109615359.
  6. ^ Edward Meyrick (1885). "Notes on the nomenclature of the New Zealand Geometrina". New Zealand Journal of Science. 2: 589. Wikidata Q109608428.
  7. ^ Edward Meyrick (1885). "Supplement to a monograph of the New Zealand Geometrina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 17: 62–68. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q111032066.
  8. ^ George Vernon Hudson (1898), New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera), Illustrator: George Hudson, London, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.7912, OCLC 980865393, Wikidata Q19073637{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ George Blundell Longstaff (1912). "On the Nomenclature of the Lepidoptera of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 44: 108–115. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q108324136.
  10. ^ Edward Meyrick (December 1917). "Revision of New Zealand Notodontina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 49: 248–273. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q110727829.
  11. ^ George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 131, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
  12. ^ a b c Craw, R. C. (1986-01-01). "Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 13 (1): 131–140. doi:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654. ISSN 0301-4223.
  13. ^ Barratt, B. I. P.; Patrick, B. H. (1987). "Insects of snow tussock grassland on the East Otago Plateau". New Zealand Entomologist. 10 (1): 69–98. doi:10.1080/00779962.1987.9722513.
  14. ^ Crowe, Andrew (2017). Which New Zealand insect?. Penguin Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-14-100636-9.
  15. ^ Patrick, B. H. (1992). "Supplement to the Lepidoptera of the Mackenzie Country with recommendations on their conservation". New Zealand Entomologist. 15 (1): 48–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.534.4540. doi:10.1080/00779962.1992.9722629.
  16. ^ a b c Patrick, Brian (1994). "Lepidoptera of Kaitorete Spit, Canterbury". New Zealand Entomologist. 17 (1): 52–63. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.580.6402. doi:10.1080/00779962.1994.9721985. ISSN 0077-9962.
  17. ^ Allen, R. B.; McIntosh, P. D. (1995). "Guidelines for conservation of salt pans in Central Otago" (PDF). Science for Conservation. 49: 1–46.
  18. ^ a b c Macfarlane R.P.; Patrick B.H.; Vink C.J. (1999). McLeans Island: invertebrate inventory and analysis (Report). Christchurch City Council (Parks & Recreation Division) report. pp. 1–44. hdl:10182/4156.
  19. ^ Richard B. Primack (July 1983). "Insect pollination in the New Zealand mountain flora". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 21 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1983.10428561. ISSN 0028-825X. Wikidata Q54669862.

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