Anglican Use

The Canterbury Cross - Symbol of many[citation needed] Anglican Use Catholics.
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The term Anglican Use has two meanings. In one, it refers to personal parishes in the United States founded for former members of the United States Episcopal Church who join the Catholic Church as members of the Latin Rite and who wish to maintain some features of Anglicanism. They are also referred to as Pastoral Provision parishes, being established in accordance with the Pastoral Provision granted by Pope John Paul II on 20 June 1980,[1][2] which permitted the ordination as Catholic priests of married former clergy of the Episcopal Church for service either in such personal parishes or elsewhere in Catholic dioceses of the United States.[3]

The other meaning of the term Anglican Use is the liturgical worship of these parishes, a form found in the Book of Divine Worship.

History

Origins

The remote origins of the demand for such an arrangement has been ascribed to the Oxford Movement in nineteenth-century England.[2] More immediately the demand arose because of developments in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America in the 1970s, which began to ordain women as priests and bishops, rejected traditional teaching on human sexuality, blessed homosexual unions and ordained those who were openly living in such unions.[4]

In 1977, some of those who desired union with the Catholic Church contacted individual Catholic bishops, the Apostolic Delegate Archbishop Jean Jadot and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome, to inquire about the possibility for married Anglican priests to be received into the Catholic Church and function as Catholic priests.[2]

In 1979, after the United States National Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith had reacted favourably to the proposals that had been put before them, a formal request for union was presented in Rome on 3 November for acceptance into the Roman Catholic Church, for steps to be taken to eliminate any defects that might be found in their priestly orders, and that they be granted the oversight, direction, and governance of a Catholic bishop. They offered the allegiance of their whole hearts and minds and souls, and also "with that allegiance the Anglican patrimony that has been ours in so far as it is compatible with, acceptable to and an enhancement of Catholic teaching and worship".[5]

Pastoral Provision

The decision of the Holy See was officially communicated in a letter of 22 July 1980 from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to the President of the United States episcopal conference, who published it on 20 August 1980.[2]

Though admittance of the Episcopalians in question to the Catholic Church was considered as reconciliation of individuals, the pastoral provision gave them a common group identity.[6] After a period of being subject to the local Latin Rite bishop, the bishop could set up personal parishes for them, with the use, within the group, of a form of liturgy that retained certain elements of the Anglican liturgy; and married Episcopalian priests could on a case-by-case basis be ordained as Catholic priests, but not as bishops.[7][4]

An ecclesiastical delegate, a Catholic and preferably a bishop, was to be appointed to oversee the implementation of the decision and to deal with the Congregation.[8]

Implementation

In March 1981, Bishop Bernard Francis Law was appointed Ecclesiastical Delegate. He was replaced by Newark Archbishop John J. Myers in 2003 and Kevin W. Vann in 2011. William H. Stetson, a priest of the Prelature of Opus Dei, is Secretary to the Ecclesiastical Delegate.[1]

In 1983, the first Anglican Use parish, Our Lady of the Atonement, was established in San Antonio, Texas. Our Lady of Walsingham parish in Houston, Texas followed the next year to be the second parish.[9] Concern about ecumenical relations with the Episcopal Church prevented the Archbishop of nameLos Angeles from authorizing the establishment in his archdiocese of personal parishes of the kind envisaged, in spite of requests from two groups, whose membership exceeded that of any of the groups for which personal parishes were set up in other dioceses. The peititioners were told that they could only be received as members of the existing ordinary Catholic parishes.[2] Since 1983 over 100 former Anglicans have been ordained for priestly ministry in various Catholic dioceses of the United States.[3][10]

Personal ordinariates

Main article: Personal ordinariates

On 9 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI issued the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus, authorizing the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans. One was established for the United States on 1 January 2012 under the title of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter.[11][12]

Canonical differences between the Anglican Use parishes and the personal ordinariate are outlined in a study published in the 23 January 2012 issue of the National Catholic Reporter.[13] The Anglican Use parishes have not yet joined the new personal ordinariate. A meeting of the Anglican Use Society is scheduled for 8-10 November 2012, in which the leader of the personal ordinariate will take part.[14]

Liturgy

Anglican Use is a particular form of worship within the western Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. The Latin Rite includes the widespread Roman Rite as well as Anglican Use, the Ambrosian Rite of Milan, the Mozarabic Rite in parts of Spain, Braga Rite in some parts of northern Portugal, Zaire Use in some parts of Africa, and other liturgical forms. The Catholic Church also includes several Eastern Catholic Churches, which are alongside the Latin Rite but not within it.

The Anglican Use liturgy reflects many influences, including the Sarum Use, the English Missal, and the 1928 and 1979 versions of the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer, as well as the Roman Missal. Anglican Use liturgy and the 1962 Tridentine Latin Mass have very similar structures. Distinctive features of such Masses include 16th-century English (e.g., "thee" and "thou"), greater use of incense and bell-ringing, and English chants and hymns.[15]

The Congregation for Divine Worship gave provisional approval for the Anglican Use liturgy, the Book of Divine Worship, in 1984, an approval rendered definitive in 1987. This book incorporates elements of the 1928 Book of Common Prayer, but the Eucharistic liturgy is from the 1979 Book, with the Eucharistic Prayers taken from the Roman Missal and the ancient Sarum Rite (with the modern English Words of Institution inserted in the latter).[2]

See also

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References

  1. ^ a b William H. Stetson, "History of the Pastoral Provision"
  2. ^ a b c d e f Jack D. Barker, "A History of the Pastoral Provision for Roman Catholics in the USA", chapter 1 of Stephen E. Cavanaugh, Anglicans and the Roman Catholic Church (Ignatius Press 2011 ISBN 9781586174996)
  3. ^ a b Office of the Ecclesiastical Delegate for the Pastoral Provision
  4. ^ a b Richert, Scott P.. "Differences Between Anglicanism and Roman Catholicism". Catholicism. About.com. http://catholicism.about.com/od/organization/p/Catholic_Anglican_Relations_and_Differences.htm. Retrieved 8 March 2012. 
  5. ^ Appendix A of Steve Cavanaugh, Anglicans and Roman Catholics (Ignatius Press 2011 ISBN 9781586174996)
  6. ^ Letter of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, I
  7. ^ Letter, II
  8. ^ Letter, V
  9. ^ Mueller, Mary Ann (6/17/2009). "'Anglican Use' Catholic Liturgy". Catholic.org: p. 1. http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=33840. Retrieved 12 March 2012. 
  10. ^ "Cardinal announces establishment of US Anglican ordinariate". November 16, 2011. http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=12382. Retrieved 12 March 2012. 
  11. ^ Cardinal Levada, William (January 1, 2012). Decree of Erection of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter. Holy See. http://www.usordinariate.org/images/CSP_Decree.pdf. 
  12. ^ Bauman, Michelle (3 January 2012 (1 January 2012 print edition)). "New U.S. Anglican Ordinariate Has an Ordinary". National Catholic Register. EWTN News, Inc. http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/new-u.s.-anglican-ordinariate-has-an-ordinary?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+NCRegisterDailyBlog+National+Catholic+Register#When:2012-01-3. Retrieved 2012-01-06. 
  13. ^ Jerry Fiteau, "New ordinariate and 1980 pastoral provision: An analysis"
  14. ^ 2012 Anglican Use Conference
  15. ^ Mueller, Mary Ann (6/17/2009). "'Anglican Use' Catholic Liturgy". Catholic.org: p. 2. http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=33840&page=2. Retrieved 12 March 2012. 

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