Alastair Hugh Graham (27 June 1904 – 6 October 1982) was an honorary attaché in Athens and Cairo, an Oxford friend of Evelyn Waugh, and, according to Waugh's letters, one of his "romances".[1] He is, together with Hugh Lygon and Stephen Tennant, considered the main inspiration for Sebastian Flyte in Brideshead Revisited.[2]
Alastair Hugh Graham | |
|---|---|
,_in_1904.jpg) Evelyn Waugh, centre, with Alastair Graham and Elizabeth Harman (the future Lady Longford) in 1924 | |
| Born | 27 June 1904 |
| Died | 6 October 1982 (aged 78) Machynlleth, Wales |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | Brasenose College, Oxford |
Biography edit
Alastair Hugh Graham was born on 27 June 1904 to Hugh Graham (1860-1921), of Barford House, Barford, Warwickshire, and Jessie, daughter of Andrew Low, of Savannah, Georgia. His father was the younger son of Sir Frederick Ulric Graham, 3rd Baronet (1820–1888), of the Graham Baronets of Netherby in Cumberland, and Lady Jane Hermione Seymour (1832–1909), daughter of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset.[3][1] Jessie Graham, a cotton heiress, would later appear as Lady Circumference in Decline and Fall and as Mrs. Kent-Cumberland in Winner Takes All both by Evelyn Waugh.[4]
Alastair Hugh Graham attended a day school in Leamington Spa and was at Wellington College, Berkshire for a very short time, leaving at fifteen.[5] He subsequently studied at Brasenose College, Oxford University,[4][6]
At Oxford, he met Evelyn Waugh around Christmas 1923 or slightly before.[7] There, Graham was part of the Hypocrites' Club with Waugh.[8] Graham sent Waugh a nude photo of himself near a waterfall, asking Waugh to "Come and drink with me somewhere".[1] The Graham family's early 19th-century country house, Barford House, Barford, Warwickshire, between Warwick and Stratford-upon Avon,[4] was where Alastair entertained Waugh as a guest. Graham was Waugh's closest friend from 1924 to 1929.[9]
In Brideshead Revisited, Waugh has Charles Ryder revisiting Brideshead Castle, and remembering "I had been there before, first with Sebastian more than twenty years ago on a cloudless day in June...". According to Philip Eade and others,[4] Waugh is here remembering his own love affair with Graham, started at Barford House in 1923 when Graham was 19.[1]
In his memoirs, Waugh stated that Graham was the inspiration of Lord Sebastian Flyte even more than Hugh Lygon. In the manuscript of Brideshead Revisited, the name "Alastair" sometimes occurs instead of "Sebastian".[10][4] In Waugh's autobiography, A Little Learning... an autobiography (1964), Graham appears under the name of Hamish Lennox,[4] and Waugh said of him he was "the friend of my heart".[9][7]
When Waugh left Oxford one term short of the degree requirements in August 1924, he went to live with Graham in a caravan in a field near Beckley, and from there they went on holiday to Ireland.[10][4] It was after this trip that Graham converted to Roman Catholicism (September 1924).[5][4] When Graham went to visit his sister and her husband in Kenya in mid-September 1924, the friendship between Graham and Waugh took a step back,[4] but in August 1926, Graham, his mother and Waugh went to Scotland; and on their return, Graham and Waugh went to France together with Richard Plunket Greene. Around this time, Graham, who owned a small printing press and was then apprenticed at the Shakespeare Head Press, printed Waugh's essay P.R.B.: An Essay on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 1847–54.[7][4]
Graham was an honorary attaché in Athens between 1927 and 1929,[6] where Waugh visited him for the Christmas holidays.[7] Graham wrote to his friend Claud Cockburn on a number of occasions during this time.[5] In Greece, Graham lived with another attaché, Mark Ogilvie-Grant.[10] In 1929, both were transferred to Cairo with Vivian Cornelius until 1933.[11][9][6] During World War II, Graham participated in the Dunkirk evacuation, joined the Royal Observer Corps and was a liaison officer with the US Navy.[9][5]
From 1937 he lived privately – because of his homosexuality[5] – on the Welsh coast, at Plas-y-Wern Lodge, Gilfachrheda,[9] moving subsequently to a house in nearby New Quay itself. He bought a yacht called The Osprey and was a member of the New Quay Yacht Club, as well as president of the New Quay branch of the RNLI. He was on familiar terms with Dylan Thomas, another New Quay resident, and appeared as a prosecution witness when Captain Richard Killick was accused of attempting to murder Thomas.[12] Graham is thought to have been the original of Lord Cut-Glass in Thomas' play Under Milk Wood.[5] He died in Machynlleth Hospital in October 1982 from cancer of the pancreas.[13]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Eade, Philip (2016). Evelyn Waugh: A Life Revisited. Hachette UK. p. 96. ISBN 9780297869214. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Copping, Jasper (18 May 2008). "Brideshead Revisited: Where Evelyn Waugh found inspiration for Sebastian Flyte". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 1624
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brennan, Michael G. (2013). Evelyn Waugh: Fictions, Faith and Family. A&C Black. p. 12. ISBN 9781441194176. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f Fallowell, Duncan (2013). How to Disappear: A Memoir for Misfits (2nd ed.). Madison, Wisconsin: Terrace Books (University of Wisconsin). p. Chapter 4. ISBN 978-0-299-29240-9.
- ^ a b c Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003
- ^ a b c d Heath, Jeffrey (1983). Picturesque Prison: Evelyn Waugh and His Writing. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 23. ISBN 9780773560888. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Gallagher, Donat; Slater, Ann Pasternak; Wilson, John Howard (2011). A Handful of Mischief: New Essays on Evelyn Waugh. Fairleigh Dickinson. p. 47. ISBN 9781611470499. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Rintoul, M.C. (2014). Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction. Routledge. p. 455. ISBN 9781136119323. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Wilson, John Howard (1996). Evelyn Waugh: 1924-1966. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780838638859. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ The Letters of Rudyard Kipling: 1931-36. University of Iowa Press. 1990. p. 23. ISBN 9780877458999. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ For more on this incident, see D. N. Thomas (2000) A Farm, Two Mansions and a Bungalow, ch. 4, Seren. This book also contains a good deal more material on Graham and his life in New Quay, as does the following website: Post card from New Quay.
- ^ Christiansen, Rupert (2016). "What became of the real people who inspired Evelyn Waugh's 'Brideshead Revisited'?". The Telegraph. Retrieved 30 December 2017.