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72nd (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery

72nd (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) raised just before the outbreak of World War II, which served as part of Anti-Aircraft Command during and after the war.

72nd (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, RA
607th (Middlesex) LAA/Searchlight Regiment, RA
Cap Badge of the Royal Artillery (pre-1953)
Active1 November 1938–10 March 1955
Country United Kingdom
Branch Territorial Army
TypeSearchlight Regiment
RoleAir Defence
SizeRegiment
Garrison/HQHeston
Twickenham
EngagementsBattle of Britain
The Blitz

Origin edit

As the international situation deteriorated in the late 1930s, the threat of air raids on the UK led to the rapid expansion in numbers of anti-aircraft (AA) units manned by members of the part-time TA. Formed on 1 November 1938, 72nd (Middlesex) was the third of a new group of three TA searchlight regiments raised by the Royal Artillery (previous TA S/L units had all been part of the Royal Engineers and/or converted from infantry battalions).[1] It consisted of HQ and Nos 465–467 Companies (later Batteries) based at a newly built drill hall at Vicarage Road, Heston.[2][3][4][5] Shortly afterwards, the regiment moved to Twickenham.[4][6][7] It was equipped with the new '90 cm Projector Anti Aircraft', a smaller and lighter piece of equipment than previous searchlights, with a more powerful high current density arc lamp with automatic carbon feed.[1][8]

World War II edit

 
90 cm Projector Anti-Aircraft, displayed at Fort Nelson, Portsmouth

Anti-Aircraft Command mobilised in August 1939, ahead of the declaration of war on 3 September, and the regiment took its place in 47th AA Brigade, part of 5th AA Division tasked with defending Southampton.[7][9][10]

Southampton was a regular target for raids by the German Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940, but by November 1940 the regiment had transferred to 40 AA Bde in 2nd AA Division in the Midlands. It had the responsibility for covering RAF airfields in the East Midlands and continued in that role throughout the Blitz of 1940–41.[11][12][13][14]

In the autumn of 1940 72nd S/L Rgt was joined by a newly-formed 501 S/L Bty.[2][15] The regiment supplied a cadre of experienced officers and men to 237th S/L Training Rgt at Holywood, County Down, where it provided the basis for a new 560 S/L Bty formed on 13 February 1941. This battery later joined 90th S/L Rgt.[2]

In late 1941 the regiment transferred within 2nd AA Division to 41 (London)AA Bde covering East Anglia.[16] It remained for several years with this brigade,[17][18][19] which by the summer of 1943 consisted only of 72nd and 82nd S/L Rgts.[20][21]

On 1 January 1944, 466 S/L Bty was joined by a troop of 554 S/L Bty from 82nd S/L Rgt.[2] However, as the threat of attack by the weakened Luftwaffe waned, AA Command was being forced to release manpower for the planned invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord). All Home Defence searchlight regiments were reduced from February 1944, and 72nd S/L Rgt lost 501 S/L Bty, which completed disbandment on 24 March.[2][22] Then the War Office warned in June that AA Command would have to release manpower to provide reinforcements to 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe. The run-down began in September 1944, and the regiment and its three batteries were at Reepham, Norfolk, when they were ordered to begin entering 'suspended animation' on 25 September, with their personnel being posted away.[2][4][6][7][23]

In fact, on 1 January 1945, the regiment was at Hatfield Militia Camp near Doncaster under the command of 32 AA Bde, where it was joined by 80th and 82nd S/L Rgts. All three were reduced to battery strength and consolidated under the command of RHQ 72nd S/L Rgt. The other ranks of 82nd became 466 S/L Bty of 72nd S/L Rgt, while the officers and staff continued as RHQ 82nd S/L Rgt, which became a holding unit at Southampton for surplus (older or unfit) men from S/L regiments that were being converted into RA infantry regiments.[24] The dispersals continued as the war ended: 465 and 466 S/L Btys entered suspended animation on 3 April, RHQ 72nd S/L Rgt on 11 June, and 467 S/L Bty on 26 June.[2]

Postwar edit

When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 72nd S/L Rgt was reformed at Twickenham as 607 Searchlight Regiment, RA (Middlesex), forming part of 67 AA Bde (the former 41 AA Bde based at Shepherd's Bush).[2][4][25][26][27][28][29][30] In 1949, the regiment's role was altered and it was redesignated 607th (Mixed) Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight Regiment, RA (Middlesex) ('Mixed' denoting that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit).[27][28]

AA Command was abolished on 10 March 1955, and 607 LAA/SL Regiment was disbanded at the same time, completing the process by 30 June.[4][25][28]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Brigstock. Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Frederick, pp. 860–2, 872.
  3. ^ Monthly Army List, January 1939.
  4. ^ a b c d e Litchfield, p. 179.
  5. ^ Osborne, p. 134.
  6. ^ a b "72 S/L Rgt at RA 39–45".
  7. ^ a b c "5 AA Division 1939 at British Military History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  8. ^ Routledge, p. 55.
  9. ^ AA Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files.
  10. ^ Routledge, Table LVIII, p. 376; Table LX, p. 378.
  11. ^ "2 AA Division 1940 at British Military History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  12. ^ 2 AA Division at RA 39–45.
  13. ^ Farndale, Annex D, p. 259.
  14. ^ Routledge, Table LXV, p. 396.
  15. ^ Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 212/79.
  16. ^ Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, TNA file WO 212/80.
  17. ^ Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, TNA file WO 212/81.
  18. ^ Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, TNA file WO 212/82.
  19. ^ Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 13 March 1943, TNA file WO 212/83.
  20. ^ Order of Battle of AA Command, 1 August 1943, TNA file WO 212/84.
  21. ^ Order of Battle of AA Command, 27 April 1944, TNA file WO 212/85.
  22. ^ Routledge, p. 409.
  23. ^ Routledge, pp. 420–1.
  24. ^ 82 S/L Rgt War Diary 1945, TNA file WO 166/16822.
  25. ^ a b Frederick, p. 1026.
  26. ^ Litchfield, Appendix 5, p. 335.
  27. ^ a b Farndale, Annex M, p. 340.
  28. ^ a b c 592–638 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
  29. ^ 67–106 AA Bdes at British Army 1945 on.
  30. ^ Watson, TA 1947.

References edit

  • Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, ISBN 1-85753-080-2.
  • J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
  • Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.
  • Mike Osborne, 20th Century Defences in Britain: The London Area, Market Deeping: Concrete Publications, 2006, ISBN 0-9540378-2-0.
  • Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, ISBN 1-85753-099-3

External sources edit

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