The 20th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1919 general election in December of that year.
20th Parliament of New Zealand | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Overview | |||||
Legislative body | New Zealand Parliament | ||||
Term | 14 June 1920 – 31 October 1922 | ||||
Election | 1919 New Zealand general election | ||||
Government | Reform Government | ||||
House of Representatives | |||||
Members | 80 | ||||
Speaker of the House | Frederic Lang | ||||
Prime Minister | William Massey | ||||
Leader of the Opposition | Thomas Wilford from 8 September 1920 — William MacDonald until 31 August 1920 † | ||||
Legislative Council | |||||
Members | 43 (at start) 38 (at end) | ||||
Speaker of the Council | Sir Walter Carncross | ||||
Leader of the Council | Sir Francis Bell | ||||
Sovereign | |||||
Monarch | HM George V | ||||
Governor-General | HE Rt. Hon. The Viscount Jellicoe from 27 September 1920 — HE Rt. Hon. The Earl of Liverpool until 8 July 1920 |
1919 general election
editThe 1919 general election was held on Tuesday, 16 December in the Māori electorates and on Wednesday, 17 December in the general electorates, respectively.[1] A total of 80 MPs were elected; 45 represented North Island electorates, 31 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.[2] 683,420 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 80.5%.[1]
Sessions
editThe 20th Parliament sat for four sessions (there were two sessions in 1921), and was prorogued on 30 November 1922.[3]
Session | Opened | Adjourned |
---|---|---|
first | 24 June 1920 | 11 November 1920 |
second | 10 March 1921 | 22 March 1921 |
third | 22 September 1921 | 11 February 1922 |
fourth | 28 June 1922 | 31 October 1922 |
Party standings
editStart of Parliament
editParty | Leader(s) | Seats at start | |
Reform Party | William Massey | 47 | |
Liberal Party | William MacDonald | 21 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 8 | |
Independent | 4 |
End of Parliament
editParty | Leader(s) | Seats at end | |
Reform Party | William Massey | 44 | |
Liberal Party | Thomas Wilford | 18 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 9 | |
Independents | 7 |
Ministries
editThe wartime coalition between the Reform Party and the Liberal Party had come to an end by August 1919. William Massey of the Reform Party had been the leader of the coalition, with Joseph Ward of the Liberal Party as the deputy.[5] Ward left the coalition because it had become deeply unpopular with the population.[6] Massey then formed the second Massey Ministry on 25 August 1919 and remained in power during the term of the 20th Parliament and beyond until his death on 10 May 1925.[6][7]
Initial composition of the 20th Parliament
editThe table below shows the results of the 1919 general election:
Key
Reform | Liberal | Labour | Liberal–Labour | |||||
Independent Liberal | Independent Labour | Independent |
By-elections during 20th Parliament
editThere were a number of changes during the term of the 20th Parliament.
Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bruce | 1920 | 14 April | James Allen | Resignation | John Edie | ||
Stratford | 1920 | 6 May | Robert Masters | Election declared void | Robert Masters | ||
Bay of Plenty | 1920 | 30 September | William MacDonald | Death | Kenneth Williams | ||
Patea | 1921 | 13 April | Walter Powdrell | Death | Edwin Dixon | ||
Auckland East | 1921 | 2 November | Arthur Myers | Resignation | Clutha Mackenzie | ||
Southern Maori | 1922 | 25 January | Hopere Uru | Death | Henare Uru | ||
Dunedin North | 1922 | 21 June | Edward Kellett | Death | Jim Munro |
Notes
edit- ^ a b "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 69.
- ^ "1890–1993 general elections | Elections". elections.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 44.
- ^ a b Gustafson, Barry. "Massey, William Ferguson - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Gustafson 1980, p. 181.
- ^ "Clutha". Otago Daily Times. No. 17779. 11 November 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Dickson, Amanda Rodger (23 September 2011). "West Otago A & P Society". Amanda Rodger Dickson at Wordpress. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 155.
- ^ "The election campaign". Evening Star. No. 17218. 6 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Notice of nominations received". The Press. Vol. LV, no. 16701. 9 December 1919. p. 10. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations Received". Hawke's Bay Tribune. Vol. IX, no. 303. 9 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ "Napier". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. LXXIV. 7 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ Brown, Colin. "Moses Ayrton". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 154.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations Received". The Press. Vol. LV, no. 16702. 10 December 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "Rotorua Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. L, no. 282. 27 November 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Liberal Selection for Tauranga". Wairarapa Daily Times. Vol. 45, no. 13977. 11 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Waitemata Parliamentary Election". Observer. Vol. XL, no. 14. 6 December 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
References
edit- Gustafson, Barry (1980). Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 0-19-647986-X.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.