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13th Belarusian Police (SD) Battalion (German: Schutzmannschafts Bataillon der SD 13) was a Belarusian collaborationist formation in German service, established to combat partisan activity, primarily Soviet, and to guard concentration and POW camps.[1] Unlike other units of the Belarusian Auxiliary Police, the 13th Battalion was directly subordinate to the Security Service (SD) of SS.[2]
The formation of the unit began in January and February 1943 in Minsk, based on the already existing structures of the Belarusian SD.[1] Primarily Belarusians joined the unit, and there were also Poles and Russians among them.[3] Recruitment was essentially voluntary, although there were cases of forced mobilization.[4] The officer and non-commissioned officer were both the Germans and the Belarusians. German Sturmbannführer Junskers was the commander of the battalion, but Belarusian officers were commanders of companies.[1] Members of the Belarusian People's Self-Assistance, a nationalist organization created by the Germans, which activists intended to become the beginnings of Belarusian statehood, took part in the formation of the unit, trying to turn it into a Belarusian national unit.[5]
13th Battalion took part in numerous anti-partisan campaigns and pacification on the territory of Belarus in the years 1943–1944.[6] Members of the unit also took part in the liquidation of Jewish ghettos (Hlybokaye, Minsk, Vileyka, possibly Valozhyn),[7] and guarded the Koldychevo[8] and Maly Trostenets concentration camps.[7] Later, the battalion's units took part in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.[9] For a brief period in 1944, the 3rd Company of the 13th Battalion was stationed in German-occupied Adriatic Littoral and its staff was in Trieste.[10]
References edit
- ^ a b c Grzybowski 2010, p. 463.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 461.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 464-465.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 465.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 471-472.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 466-467.
- ^ a b Grzybowski 2010, p. 467.
- ^ Rein 2017, p. 185.
- ^ Grzybowski 2010, p. 472-473.
- ^ Hryboŭski 2007.
Bibliography edit
- Hryboŭski, Jury (2007). "Беларускі легіён СС: міфы і рэчаіснасць" [The Belarusian SS Legion: Myths and Reality]. Belarusian Historical Review (in Belarusian). 14 (1–2).
- Grzybowski, Jerzy (2010). "An Outline History of the 13th (Belarusian) Battalion of the SD Auxiliary Police (Schutzmannschafts Bataillon der SD 13)". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 23 (3): 461–476. doi:10.1080/13518046.2010.503147. S2CID 144787727.
- Grzybowski, Jerzy (2021). Białoruski ruch niepodległościowy w czasie II wojny światowej [Belarusian independence movement during World War II] (in Polish). Warsaw. ISBN 978-83-8229-251-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Rein, Leonid (2017). "6. Eastern Europe: Belarusian auxiliaries, Ukrainian Waffen-SS soldiers and the special case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.). The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford, Great Britain: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-879055-6.