Æthelmær the Stout or Æthelmær the Fat (died 1015) a leading thegn from the 980s, discðegn (dish-bearer or seneschal) to King Æthelred the Unready, and briefly ealdorman of the Western Provinces in 1013. He was the founder of Cerne Abbey and Eynsham Abbey, and a patron of the leading scholar, Ælfric of Eynsham. He was the son of Æthelweard the historian, and descended from King Æthelred I.[1][2]
Career edit
Together with his father, he was a patron of the homilist Ælfric of Eynsham. In 987 Æthelmær founded or re-founded Cerne Abbey in Dorset, and in 1005 founded Eynsham Abbey in Oxfordshire, where he made Ælfric its first abbot,[3] along with Priory of Bruton in Somerset.[4] Ælfric dedicated his Lives of the Saints to Æthelmær.[5]
In a charter of 993 in which King Æthelred II laments his past misrule, which had resulted “partly on account of the ignorance of my youth, and partly on account of the abhorrent greed of certain of those men who ought to administer to my interest”, Æthelmaer is acknowledged, along with King’s uncle, Ordulf of Tavistock, as a loyal counsellor, and from the mid 990s he generally appears first among the ministers witnessing charters, followed by Ordulf, Wulfheah and Wulfgeat.
Upon the death of his father Æthelweard in 998, no ealdorman was appointed to the Western Provinces, though both Æthelmær and Ordulf, whose father Ordgar had preceded Æthelweard, would have been obvious candidates.
From 1006 the notorious Eadric Streona leapfrogs Æthelmaer, Ordulf, Wulfgeat and Wulfheah, to the head of the list of ministers. Wulfheah is known to have been blinded after Eadric murdered his father, ealdorman Ælfhelm of York, while Wulfgeat was deprived of all his lands. Ordulf is another who ceases to witness after 1006, and it is probable that the Æthelmaer who continues to attest charters after this date is another prominent thegn, Æthelmaer son of Æthelwold. Another Æthelmaer who occasionally attests charters at this time in a lower position is possibly one of the brothers of Eadric Streona.[6]
By 1013 Æthelmaer had evidently regained any lost favour as he had assumed his father's old ealdormanry of the Western Provinces. In this year he and his followers surrendered to the Danish invader Swein Forkbeard, who was encamped at Bath. He died in 1015.
Descendants edit
One of his sons Æthelnoth, became Archbishop of Canterbury. Another, Æthelweard, was killed by Cnut in 1017, while a son-in-law also called Æthelweard was exiled in 1020.[5]
Æthelmær has been speculatively identified with the Agelmær named by John of Worcester as brother of Eadric Streona and father of Wulfnoth Cild, who was father of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and grandfather of King Harold II, though the Worcester chronicler makes this Agelmær son of Agelric rather than Æthelweard and the pedigree as a whole has problematic chronology.[7][8][9] This theory of the ancestry of the Godwins has been criticized by other genealogists[10] and is rejected by most historians.[11][12][13]
References edit
- ^ Gautier, Alban (May 2017). "Butlers and Dish-Bearers in Anglo-Saxon Courts: Household Officers at the Royal Table" (PDF). Historical Research. 90 (248): 284–285. doi:10.1111/1468-2281.12181. ISSN 0950-3471. S2CID 159587154.
- ^ Keynes, Simon (1980). The Diplomas of King Æthelred the Unready 978-1016. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–192, 209–213. ISBN 978-0-521-02308-5.
- ^ Malcolm Godden, Ælfric of Eynsham, Oxford Online DNB, 2004
- ^ Society of gentlemen (1780). The Biographical Dictionary, Or, Complete Historical Library: Containing the Lives of the Most Celebrated Personages of Great Britain and Ireland, Whether Admirals, Generals, Poets, Statesmen, Philosophers, Or Divines : a Work Replete with Instruction and Entertainment. F. Newbery. p. 25.
- ^ a b Patrick Wormald, Æthelweard, Oxford Online DNB, 2004
- ^ Simon Keynes, "The Diplomas of King Æthelred 'The Unready' 978-1016", 1980
- ^ Alfred Anscombe, "The Pedigree of Earl Godwine" in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1913, 3rd Series, vol. 7, pp. 129-150
- ^ Barlow, Lundie W. "The Antecedents of Earl Godwine of Wessex" in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1957, vol. 111, pp. 30-38
- ^ David H. Kelley, "The House of Aethelred", in Lindsay L. Brook, ed., Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans... 1989, pp. 63-93.
- ^ M. L. Bierbrier, "Medieval and Royal Genealogy Update", Genealogists' Magazine, 1992, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 5.
- ^ Stenton, Frank M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- ^ Rex, Peter (2005). Harold II: The Doomed Saxon King. Stroud, UK: Tempus. p. 21. ISBN 0-7524-3529-9.
- ^ Mason, Emma (2004). The House of Godwine: The History of a Dynasty. London, UK: Hambledon and London. pp. 24–25. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
Further reading edit
- Cubitt, Catherine (2009). "Ælfric's Lay Patrons". In Maginnis, Hugh; Swan, Mary (eds.). A Companion to Ælfric. Leiden: Brill. pp. 165–192. ISBN 9789004176812.
- Yorke, Barbara (1988). "Aethelmaer: the Foundation of the Abbey at Cerne and the Politics of the Tenth Century". In Barker, Katherine (ed.). The Cerne Abbey Millennium Lectures. Cerne Abbas, UK: The Cerne Abbey Millennium Committee. pp. 15–26. ISBN 09512191-11.