Portal:2000s

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The 2000s Portal

The 2000s (pronounced "two-thousands") was a decade that began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2009.

The early part of the decade saw the long predicted breakthrough of economic giants in Asia, like India and China, which had double-digit growth during nearly the whole decade. It is also benefited from an economic boom, which saw the two most populous countries becoming an increasingly dominant economic force. The rapid catching-up of emerging economies with developed countries sparked some protectionist tensions during the period and was partly responsible for an increase in energy and food prices at the end of the decade. The economic developments in the latter third of the decade were dominated by a worldwide economic downturn, which started with the crisis in housing and credit in the United States in late 2007 and led to the bankruptcy of major banks and other financial institutions. The outbreak of this global financial crisis sparked a global recession, beginning in the United States and affecting most of the industrialized world.

The decade saw the rise of the Internet, which grew from covering 6.7% to 25.7% of the world population. This contributed to globalization during the decade, which allowed faster communication among people around the world;^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

The war on terror and War in Afghanistan began after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The International Criminal Court was formed in 2002. In 2003, a United States-led coalition invaded Iraq, and the Iraq War led to the end of Saddam Hussein's rule as Iraqi President and the Ba'ath Party in Iraq. Al-Qaeda and affiliated Islamist militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. The Second Congo War, the deadliest conflict since World War II, ended in July 2003. Further wars that ended included the Algerian Civil War, the Angolan Civil War, the Sierra Leone Civil War, the Second Liberian Civil War, the Nepalese Civil War, and the Sri Lankan Civil War. Wars that began included the conflict in the Niger Delta, the Houthi insurgency in Yemen, and the Mexican drug war.

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The 2008 United States presidential election was the 56th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 4, 2008. The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama, the junior senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, the senior senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican ticket of John McCain, the senior senator from Arizona, and Sarah Palin, the governor of Alaska. Obama became the first African American to be elected to the presidency, as well as being only the third sitting United States senator elected president, joining Warren G. Harding and John F. Kennedy. Meanwhile, this was only the second successful all-senator ticket since the 1960 election and is the only election where both major party nominees were sitting senators. This was the first election since 1952 in which neither the incumbent president nor vice president was on the ballot, as well as the first election since 1928 in which neither ran for the nomination.

Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment. McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008, defeating former governors Mitt Romney, Mike Huckabee, and other challengers. The Democratic primaries were marked by a sharp contest between Obama and the initial front-runner, former First Lady and Senator Hillary Clinton, as well as other challengers that dropped out before most of the primaries were held, including Senators John Edwards and Obama's future running mate, Joe Biden. Clinton's victory in the New Hampshire primary made her the first woman to win a major party's presidential primary. After a long primary season, Obama secured the Democratic nomination in June 2008. (Full article...)

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... that if you went to an anime convention in the 2000s, you might have been hit by a yaoi paddle?
... that critics objected to Dangers of the Mail in the 1930s for government support of lewdness and in the 2000s for creating a hostile work environment?
... that Kevin Feige first envisioned a shared universe featuring the Avengers in the mid-2000s?
... that in the 2000s, New York City's Benjamin Hotel offered a pillow menu and hired a sleep concierge?

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Martin in 2011

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin PC CC KC (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st prime minister of Canada and the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006.

The son of former secretary of state for external affairs Paul Martin Sr., Martin was a lawyer from Ontario before he became president and the chief executive officer of Canada Steamship Lines in 1973. He held that position until his election as a member of Parliament for the Montreal riding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988. Martin ran for leader of the Liberal Party in 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Martin would become Chrétien's longtime rival for the leadership of the party, though was appointed his minister of finance after the Liberal victory in the 1993 federal election. Martin oversaw many changes in the financial structure of the Canadian government, and his policies had a direct effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by drastically cutting spending and reforming various programs including social services. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 2000s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Increase in oil prices (from 2000s)
Image 2Swedish actors in 2002 sporting various early 2000s fashions and hairstyles. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 3The Black Eyed Peas began utilizing Auto-Tune and electropop–dance in their most successful album to date, The E.N.D., which spawned five top ten hit singles.
Image 4People in Mexico City wear masks on a train due to the swine flu outbreak, April 2009 (from 2000s)
Image 5The World Trade Center in New York City, as seen on September 11, 2001. Flight 175 has just flown into the South Tower. (from 2000s)
Image 6Anika Moa's debut studio album Thinking Room, released in 2001, reached number one on the New Zealand Albums Chart. (from 2000s in music)
Image 7Google becomes the Internet's most visited website. (from 2000s)
Image 8On September 23, 2004, the RIAA certified Up! at 11× Platinum, giving Shania Twain the distinction of being the only female artist to have three consecutive diamond albums released in the United States. (from 2000s in music)
Image 9Aaliyah wearing a bandana and hoop earrings in 2000 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 10Jay Chou was a dominant force in Asian music for almost all of the 2000s and the first half of the next decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 112005 flooding in New Orleans, caused by Hurricane Katrina. (from 2000s)
Image 12George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, 2001–2009 (from 2000s)
Image 13Swedish teenagers wearing typical late 2000s male hairstyles, 2008 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 14Janet Jackson was awarded the American Music Awards' Award of Merit in March 2001 for "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums". (from 2000s in music)
Image 15Game Boy Advance SP is upgraded version of the original Game Boy Advance system and it is the second last Game Boy handheld (from 2000s)
Image 16During the decade, Flavour N'abania was able to find success by embracing older genres, such as highlife, and remixing them into something more modern. (from 2000s in music)
Image 17GameCube (2001) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 18Tasha Baxter's breakthrough in the international music charts started with "In the Beginning" in 2002. (from 2000s in music)
Image 19In 2002, Grinspoon performed at the Australian Record Industry Association Awards. (from 2000s in music)
Image 20The war on terror (from 2000s)
Image 21Chunky sneakers of the early 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 22Young women in Portugal with straightened hair and thick makeup, in 2007 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 23Ramallah Underground have been considered the founders of Palestinian hip-hop. (from 2000s in music)
Image 24In 2004, Daddy Yankee released his international hit single "Gasolina", which is credited with introducing reggaeton to audiences worldwide, and making the music genre a global phenomenon. (from 2000s in music)
Image 25Navel piercings were popular from 1995 all the way to the mid-2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 26In 2003, Stephon Harris's album The Grand Unification Theory won the Martin E. Segal Award from Jazz at Lincoln Center. (from 2000s in music)
Image 27American rapper Jay Z (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 28Justin Timberlake was one of the best-selling men artists of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 29In Taiwan alone, 250,000 copies of S.H.E's Super Star were sold. (from 2000s in music)
Image 30Britney Spears was the best-selling women artist of the decade.
Image 31These images show water in a very young lunar crater on the side of the Moon that faces away from Earth. (from 2000s)
Image 32PSP Go (2009) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 33Benazir Bhutto (from 2000s)
Image 34The Nintendo DS awakened an interest in casual play that had never really existed before. (from 2000s)
Image 35Darfur refugee camp in Chad (from 2000s)
Image 36Close-fitting vintage printed T-shirt (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 37Winklepicker boots fashionable in England, Italy and Mexico from 2005 onwards. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 38Snake II on a Nokia 3310 (2000) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 39Nintendo DS (2004) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 40The flared jeans of the late 1990s remained fashionable throughout the early and mid 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 41In 2003, the vape was invented by Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik (from 2000s)
Image 42Kiff No Beat is an Ivorian hip-hop group from Abidjan. It was formed in 2009, and composed of five members. (from 2000s in music)
Image 43Nuon (2000) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 44The Iraq War (from 2000s)
Image 45Nintendo DSi (2008) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 46Ayumi Hamasaki was one of the most popular Japanese stars of the 2000s, known as "The Empress of Japanese Pop". (from 2000s in music)
Image 47Indie rock singer Damian Kulash wearing psychedelic 1960s inspired clothing, 2009 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 48Enya's 2000 album A Day Without Rain sold 15 million copies. (from 2000s in music)
Image 49Lady Gaga's debut album, The Fame (2008), reached No. 1 in Canada, Austria, Germany, United Kingdom and Ireland and topped the Billboard Top Electronic Albums chart. (from 2000s in music)
Image 50In 2008, Amy Winehouse tied the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night and became the first British woman to win five Grammys. (from 2000s in music)
Image 51Irregular combatants in North Darfur. The Arabic text on the bumper reads "The Sudan Liberation Army" (SLA). (from 2000s)
Image 52Coldplay is considered to be the most successful British rock act of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 53Young woman wearing dress made from African patterned fabric in 2008. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 54PlayStation 2 was released in 2000 and became the best-selling gaming console of the decade and of all time. (from 2000s)
Image 55Dave Grohl of Foo Fighters performing in 2005. Foo Fighters are widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant rock bands of the 2000s. The decade saw Foo Fighters win the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album a record-breaking three times; in 2001, 2004, and 2008. (from 2000s)
Image 56Modest Mouse (from 2000s in music)
Image 57Darius Rucker, had three No. 1 country hits in 2008–09: "Don't Think I Don't Think About It", "It Won't Be Like This for Long" and "Alright". (from 2000s in music)
Image 58Map showing the districts where the Naxalite movement is active (2007) (from 2000s)
Image 59Blink-182's song "All the Small Things" kickstarted a resurgence of interest in pop rock. (from 2000s in music)
Image 60Fergie's The Dutchess sold over 6 million copies worldwide becoming one of the most successful albums of the era. (from 2000s in music)
Image 61Canadian Avril Lavigne was the biggest breakthrough of the 2000s worldwide with 40 million albums sold.
Image 62Chinese skaters, 2007. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 63The Gaza War (2008–2009) (from 2000s)
Image 64Slim-fitting plaid Western shirt gained popularity in the UK in the late 2000s (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 65Delta Goodrem released her debut album Innocent Eyes in 2003 which became a monster smash hit – it went to No. 1 and stayed for 29 non-consecutive weeks, being certified 14× Platinum for selling over 1 million copies, the second most of all time in Australia. (from 2000s in music)
Image 66The Da Vinci surgical robot which enables doing accurate robotic surgeries was introduced in the 2000s (from 2000s)
Image 67Lady Gaga's single, "Poker Face", reached number one in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the UK. (from 2000s in music)
Image 68Nintendo DSi XL (2009) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 69Barack Obama, the first African American president of the United States, was inaugurated in 2009 (from 2000s)
Image 70Nickelback has sold over 50 million albums and was one of the biggest post-grunge bands of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 71Leeann Tweeden, 2003, wearing an off-the-shoulder top and cargo pants. She also sports highlights on her hair. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 72Singer Mary J. Blige topped the Billboard Hot 100 in 2001 with her smash single, "Family Affair", taken from hit album No More Drama. (from 2000s in music)
Image 73Beyoncé was one of the best selling female performers of the 2000s.
Image 74Jamaican woman with cornrows, 2002. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 75Rafic Hariri (from 2000s)
Image 76Nintendo DS Lite (2006) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 77Michael Phelps holds his gold medal on the podium during the 2008 Olympics. Pictured with Ryan Lochte (left) and László Cseh (right) (from 2000s)
Image 78Female tourists in 2005 sporting colorful mid 2000s athletic fashions. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 79EyeToy (2003) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 80Birendra of Nepal (from 2000s)
Image 81Shanghai becomes a symbol of the recent economic boom of China. (from 2000s)
Image 82Good Charlotte received platinum status and gained a large fan base worldwide. (from 2000s in music)
Image 83Lynda Thomas released successful rock singles in 2000 and 2001. (from 2000s in music)
Image 84Young woman in 2003 wearing a horizontal striped shirt and boot-cut jeans. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 85Tarja Halonen served as Finland's 11th President and the first female head of state from 2000 to 2012. (from 2000s)
Image 86Young woman wearing sundress and Christian Louboutin shoes, 2009. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 87Dennis Rodman wearing an Ed Hardy shirt, and Donald Trump wearing a navy blue two button suit in 2009 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 88Swedish Raggare, 2005. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 89Madonna's Sticky and Sweet Tour became the highest grossing female tour and the highest grossing solo tour of all-time making $408 million in 85 shows. (from 2000s in music)
Image 90Paisley handbag associated with the boho-chic look. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 912004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The tsunami caused by the December 26, 2004, earthquake strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. (from 2000s)
Image 92Black Muntu is an urban rap group with a massive following across Zambia. (from 2000s in music)
Image 93The Segway was unveiled in December 2001 (from 2000s)
Image 94PlayStation Portable (2004) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 95Model in 2005 wearing low-rise jeans, a newsboy cap, and a belly shirt (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 96Xbox (2001) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 97First Xbox released in 2001 (from 2000s)
Image 98German Mosher, the more punk-like incarnation of scene, early-mid 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 99Robyn on tour in 2003. (from 2000s in music)
Image 100Michelle Kwan performing in the 2002 U.S. Figure Skating Championships (from 2000s)
Image 101Protesters in Tehran during the 2009 Iranian election protests (from 2000s)
Image 102People queuing outside a Northern Rock bank branch in Birmingham, United Kingdom on September 15, 2007, to withdraw their savings because of the Subprime mortgage crisis. (from 2000s)
Image 103Paris Hilton was a fashion icon of the 2000s. (from 2000s)
Image 104Tattoos and extreme body piercings went mainstream in the late 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 105Collision Warning with Brake Support on the 2009 Lincoln MKS (from 2000s)
Image 106In 2009, Phyzix released his debut studio album The Lone Ranger LP which contained the hit singles Cholapitsa and Gamba. (from 2000s in music)
Image 107Luis Fonsi's "Nada Es Para Siempre" received a nomination for Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year at the 2006 Latin Billboard Music Awards. (from 2000s in music)
Image 108British "Chav" wearing tracksuit and baseball cap. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 109GPS devices for automobiles gained massive popularity during the decade (from 2000s)
Image 110Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Matt Damon, Andy García, Julia Roberts, and Steven Soderbergh wearing brown leather jackets in December 2001 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 111In 2007, it took four hours for TVXQ to sell out 33,000 seats for a series of concerts in Seoul. (from 2000s in music)
Image 112Mariah Carey's 2008 album E=MC² spawned her 18th chart-topper, "Touch My Body", with which she surpassed Elvis Presley to become the solo artist with the most Hot 100 No. 1 songs in history. (from 2000s in music)
Image 113Xbox 360 (2005) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 114Guitar Hero controller (2005) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 115Treaty of Lisbon (from 2000s)
Image 116Indian couple wearing a mixture of traditional dress and Western clothing (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 117Scientific studies on climate helped establish a consensus. (from 2000s)
Image 118The rise of MP3 players, downloadable music, and cellular ringtones in the mid-2000s ended the decade-long dominance that the CD held up to that point. (from 2000s)
Image 119Gas prices in late May 2008 (from 2000s)
Image 120English-Australian singer Peter Andre in 2004 wearing ripped and sandblasted baggy jeans influenced by surfer and hip-hop fashion. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 121Nas is regarded as one of the greatest rappers of all time. (from 2000s in music)
Image 122The euro became the currency of members of the Eurozone. (from 2000s)
Image 123My Chemical Romance is considered one of the most influential rock groups of the 2000s and a major act in the pop-punk and emo genres, despite the band rejecting the latter label. (from 2000s in music)
Image 124Bon Jovi's Lost Highway Tour was the highest-grossing tour of 2008. (from 2000s in music)
Image 125Singer-songwriter-guitarist Tanya Chua was successful during the 2000s as a leading Mandopop artist. (from 2000s in music)
Image 126Shakira was the best selling Latin female artist, also one of the best selling women of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 127BoA's No. 1 was the fourth-best-selling record of 2002 in South Korea. (from 2000s in music)
Image 128Wii (2006) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 129Game Boy Advance (2001) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 130Dave Grohl of Foo Fighters performing in 2005. Foo Fighters are widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant rock bands of the 2000s. The decade saw Foo Fighters win the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album a record-breaking three times; in 2001, 2004, and 2008. (from 2000s in music)
Image 131Sean Paul's third album The Trinity debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200, breaking records with its first-week sales for a reggae/dancehall artist, and eventually going Platinum in the United States. (from 2000s in music)
Image 132American rapper Eminem is the most commercially successful artist of the decade.
Image 133Paulina Rubio's Paulina remained on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart for 99 weeks. (from 2000s in music)
Image 134Slim-fit tweed popular in the late 2000s (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 135In 2005, The New York Times wrote, "Reggaetón has conquered parties, clubs and lately radio; Daddy Yankee's hit "Gasolina" reached MTV and the playlists of many hip-hop stations." (from 2000s in music)
Image 136iPod Touch (2007) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 137The television genre Reality TV gained massive popularity in America over the decade with reality TV programs such as Survivor,The Simple Life, Jersey Shore, American Idol (pictured) and Big Brother, for which local adaptations were produced in many countries (from 2000s)
Image 138Three of System of a Down's albums debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. (from 2000s in music)
Image 139American Idol winner Kelly Clarkson is the most successful winner of American Idol and a key artist in the power pop and pop rock movement of the 2000s.
Image 140Californian band Orson in 2006 wearing mid 1960s-inspired apparel (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 141Anti-aircraft guns guarding Natanz Nuclear Facility in Iran (from 2000s)
Image 142Mountain Dew bottles and cans from the 2000s decade, c. 2007 (from 2000s)
Image 143Young American woman in 2007 wearing a white miniskirt, a blue bikini top, and sunglasses (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 144American Idol winner Carrie Underwood registered successful songs on country music charts. (from 2000s in music)
Image 145From top left, clockwise: The World Trade Center on fire and the Statue of Liberty during the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001; the euro enters into European currency in 2002; a statue of Saddam Hussein being toppled during the Iraq War in 2003, and in 2006, Hussein would be executed for crimes against humanity; U.S. troops heading toward an army helicopter in Afghanistan during the war on terror; social media through the Internet spreads across the world; a Chinese soldier gazes at the 2008 Summer Olympics commencing in Beijing; the largest economic crisis since the Great Depression hits the world in 2008; a tsunami from the Indian Ocean earthquake kills over 230,000 in 2004, and becomes the strongest earthquake since the 1964 Alaska earthquake (from 2000s)
Image 146Jared Leto wearing slim-fit formal wear; Popular 2008–onwards. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 147Offshore outsourcing of jobs, such as this call centre in India, significantly increased during the decade as many multinational corporations moved their manufacturing and services from western countries to developing countries. (from 2000s)
Image 148Australian electronic group The Avalanches released their debut album Since I Left You in 2000. (from 2000s in music)
Image 149Girl with curly brown hair sporting an off-the-shoulder top, a carry over from the early 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 150Alicia Keys was the best selling female R&B performer of the 2000s. (from 2000s in music)
Image 151Live 8 concert in Rome, Italy, 2005 (from 2000s)
Image 152T-Pain was initially criticized for popularizing autotune, which is now considered an iconic trend of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 153Soulja Boy's 2007 debut single "Crank That" was considered the biggest dance fad since the Macarena. (from 2000s in music)
Image 154Ashley Tisdale and Lucas Grabeel are members of the High School Musical, Disney's most successful musical and soundtracks of the 2000s.
Image 155Aerosmith toured for every year of the 2000s except 2008. (from 2000s in music)
Image 156Miranda Kerr in 2004 modeling for Obar Jeans. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 157Young woman in summer 2009 wearing all black clothes (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 158Amaral (from 2000s in music)
Image 159Wings haircut worn by singer Justin Bieber in 2009. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 160Ecuadorian emo kids from the late 2000s. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 161A cybergoth with goggles, synthetic blue hair and shaved head, 2005 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 162Girl Wearing Low Waisted Pants, 2008 (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 163The highest-grossing film of the decade was Avatar (2009) (from 2000s)
Image 164PlayStation 2 (2000) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 165Example of the two button slim-fit suit popular in the late 2000s in the UK, US and China. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 166Kylie Minogue is considered the biggest Australian pop act of the decade. (from 2000s in music)
Image 167Woman wearing backless top and microskirt at Cologne Pride, 2006. (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 168Taylor Swift rose to fame in the late 2000s, with her unique country-pop style, spawning global hits like "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me". (from 2000s in music)
Image 169The popularity of mobile phones and text messaging surged in the 2000s in the Western world. (from 2000s)
Image 170Zoë Bell in 2006 sporting a medium length hairstyle and blended highlights (from 2000s in fashion)
Image 171O-Zone's "Dragostea Din Tei" topped charts in France, Germany, and Austria for over three months, reached number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 72 on the US Pop 100. (from 2000s in music)
Image 172GameCube released in 2001 and is the successor to the Nintendo 64 (from 2000s)
Image 173Buzz! controller (2005) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 174Aria Wallace and Victoria Justice playing Guitar Hero. (from 2000s in video games)
Image 1752006 Thai coup d'état (from 2000s)
Image 176Following her 1990's success, Namie Amuro remained popular during this era. (from 2000s in music)
Image 177An orchestra performing a Video Games Live event. (from 2000s in video games)
Image 178PlayStation 3 (2006) (from 2000s in video games)
Image 179Artist Concept of a NASA Mars Exploration Rover on Mars (from 2000s)
Image 180Haifa Wehbe released her second studio album Baddi Aech (Arabic: بدي عيش, English: "I Want to Live") in early 2005, following the success of lead single "Ya Hayat Albi." Released after the assassination of Lebanese politician Rafik Hariri, the title single of the album is about "freedom, considered to be among the most basic of human rights". (from 2000s in music)
Image 181Jennifer Lopez was the first actress and singer in history to have both a film and an album at No. 1 in the same week. (from 2000s in music)

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Sources

^ Ludden D (1998). The newness of globalization: A schematic view of the historical zones of territoriality University of Pennsylvania. Unfinished draft. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ Gordon PH; Meunier S (2001). The French challenge: Adapting to globalization. Washington, D.C.: Brookings.
^ Heizo T; Ryokichi C (1998). "Japan". Domestic Adjustments to Globalization (CE Morrison & H Soesastro, Eds.). Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, pp. 76–102. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
^ Fry EH (2003). Local governments adapting to globalization. National League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived January 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ Haarstad, Håvard; Fløysand, Arnt (March 2007). "Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru". Political Geography. 26 (3): 289–308. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014.

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[1] Ludden D (1998). The newness of globalization: A schematic view of the historical zones of territoriality University of Pennsylvania. Unfinished draft. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[2] Gordon PH; Meunier S (2001). The French challenge: Adapting to globalization. Washington, D.C.: Brookings.

[3] Heizo T; Ryokichi C (1998). "Japan". Domestic Adjustments to Globalization (CE Morrison & H Soesastro, Eds.). Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, pp. 76–102. Retrieved December 30, 2009.

[4] Fry EH (2003). Local governments adapting to globalization. National League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived January 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[5] Haarstad, Håvard; Fløysand, Arnt (March 2007). "Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru". Political Geography. 26 (3): 289–308. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014.

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