Wikipedia

Draft:Milli Tribe Rebellion


Milli Tribe Rebellion
Part of Timeline of Kurdish uprisings and Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence

Location of today‘s Şanlıurfa Province in modern Turkish borders
Date1 June - 8 September 1920
Location
Şanliurfa Province
Result

Turkish and state-backed tribes victory

  • Rebellion supressed
  • Rebels fled to Syria
Belligerents
Milli Tribe Turkish State
13th Corps
Commanders and leaders
Mahmut Bey
Ismail Milli
Halil Ağa		 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
İsmet İnönü
Ali Saip Ursavaş
Strength
3,000 horses and thousands of men[1] Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown, majority of rebels fled to Syria Unknown

The Milli Tribe Rebellion,[2] also known as Urfa Rebellion,[3] was a Kurdish rebellion around today‘s Şanlıurfa Province by the Milan tribe,[2] that rebelled against the national secular Government of the Grand National Assembly from 1 June to 8 September 1920[4] with the aim of a Kurdish national state.[3][5]

The Milli Tribe established relations with the Allied Powers in the south, and when the French attacked the city of Urfa for the second time, they took advantage of the opportunity and marched towards Siverek.[6] However, when the Fifth Division stationed there attacked them on June 19, the rebels fled to Syria. The rebels, who were adequately prepared in Syria, entered Suruç to Viranşehir on August 24 with a force of 3,000 horsemen and 1,000 pedestrians.[2]

Background edit

Ibrahim Pasha, a former leader of the tribe, rebelled over the region around Viransehir until 1908 where he failed.[7]

As a result of the increase in French, British and Armenian activities in the Southeastern Anatolia Region and the provocation of the Kurdish tribes living in the region, the Milli tribe revolted.[2] In 1920, it was spreading the news that the Government established in Ankara that did not recognize the Sultan and that this Government would be eliminated by the Greeks.[4] The provocations made in this way affected some tribes. Seeds of provocation were being sown under the influence of the British among the people of this region, who were from the same lineage and had lived together for centuries and were connected to each other by culture and blood.[5] Tribal leaders Mahmut, İsmail, Halil and other individuals contacted the French and the British and took action to take the region from Siirt, to Dersim under their administration.[8]

The Rebellion edit

The 13th Corps was assigned to suppress the rebellion of the Milli tribe.[2] The conflict with the rebels began on June 1, 1920.[3] Although advisory delegations were sent to the rebels who attacked as far as from Suruç, over Urfa until Viranşehir region,[9] no positive results for the Turks were obtained.[2] Viranşehir was occupied by the rebels on August 24, 1920,[4] with a force consisting of three thousand horsemen and camels and about a thousand infantrymen taken from the French-occupied region.[2][5]

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk explains the issue as follows in his Speech:[10]

“The rebels deceived our commanders in that region and caused them to neglect taking precautions by saying that they came to ask for mercy. Meanwhile, they attacked our detachments scattered around that area and occupied Viranşehir. They cut off all telegraph lines in that region to prevent our communication and connection."

The rebels who occupied Viranşehir not only killed members of the pro gouverment Kurdish Karakeçili tribe,[2] which was affiliated with the state, but also plundered the property of soldiers and officers.[11]

The Fifth Division from the 13th Corps was assigned to suppress the rebellion.[12] With the support of patriotic tribes affiliated with the state, the rebels were defeated and fled south into the Syrian Desert.[12]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Tarihte Bugün: 24 Ağustos - Milli Aşireti İsyanı - Sakarya Yenihaber". www.sakaryayenihaber.com. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Milli Aşireti ayaklanması". www.biyografi.info. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  3. ^ a b c "Urfa Ayaklanması". ait.hacettepe.edu.tr. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  4. ^ a b c "Genelkurmay belgelerinde "sözde" Kürt İsyanları | Ayşe Hür". Avrupa Demokrat - Sansüre inat! (in Turkish). 2023-06-29. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  5. ^ a b c "Kürt Aşiretlerinden Milan Milli Aşireti'nin Tarihi, Kolları, Nüfusu, Soy ağaçı / Kürt Aşiretleri". Mardin Life (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  6. ^ "Komintern, TKP ve Kürt isyanları". Yurtsever (in Turkish). 2022-07-22. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  7. ^ Joost Jongerden, "Elite Encounters of a Violent Kind: Milli Ibrahim Paşa, Ziya Gökalp and Political Struggle in Diyarbekir at the Turn of the 20th Century," in Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915, eds. Joost Jongerden & Jelly Verheij (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 64.
  8. ^ "Kurtuluş Savaşında Urfa". ekitap.ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  9. ^ Derneği, Yayınlayan Turan Düşünce (2020-08-25). "Türk Tarihinde 24 Ağustos – Turan Düşünce Derneği" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  10. ^ "Atatürk'ün Urfa'daki olaylara karşı tavrı, 1920". 2014-02-20. Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  11. ^ Kerr, Stanley E. The Lions of Marash: Personal Experiences with American Near East Relief, 1919-1922. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1973, p. 214.
  12. ^ a b The supplies activities during the Turkish war of independence, Murat Günal Ataman, Hacettepe University (Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History), Ankara 2007, page 49

Further reading edit


Category:Conflicts in 1920 Category:Kurdish–Turkish conflict Category:Kurdish rebellions Category:Turkish War of Independence Category:1920 in the Ottoman Empire Category:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire Category:Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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