Wikipedia

List of coups and coup attempts

For a list sorted by country, see List of coups and coup attempts by country.

A coup d'état, often abbreviated to coup, is the overthrow of a lawful government through illegal means. If force or violence are not involved, such an event is sometimes called a soft or bloodless coup. In another variation, a ruler who came to power through legal means may try to stay in power through illegal means, thus preventing the next legal ruler from taking power. These events are called self coups. This is a chronological list of such coups and coup attempts, from ancient times to the present.

General Bonaparte during the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in Saint-Cloud, detail of painting by François Bouchot, 1840
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

BC

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The assassination of Julius Caesar (44 BC), as depicted by Vincenzo Camuccini

1–999

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As-Saffah is proclaimed as the first Abbasid caliph, from Balami's Tarikhnama

1000–1699

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General Yi Seong-gye, later crowned Taejo of Joseon

1700–1799

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Patrona Halil rebellion; painting by Jean Baptiste Vanmour

1800–1899

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Execution of Claude François de Malet and his co-conspirators on 29 October 1812 following the Malet coup in France

1800

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1804

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1807

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1808

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1809

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1811

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1812

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1815

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1820

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1822

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1823

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The caudillo Antonio López de Santa Anna was involved in several coups in early post-independence Mexico.

1824

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1827

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1828

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1829

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1832

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1834

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1836

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1837

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1839

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1841

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1842

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1843

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1844

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1845

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1846

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1847

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1848

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1851

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1852

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1853

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1854

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1857

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1861

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1864

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1866

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1867

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1868

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1870

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1871

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1872

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1874

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1876

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1879

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  • Bolivia: Hilarión Daza was deposed while fighting in the War of the Pacific.

1884

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1885

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1886

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1889

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1891

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1893

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1895

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1896

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1898

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1899

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1900–1919

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1900

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1902

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1903

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1904

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1905

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  • 1905 Dominican self-coup attempt: On 24 December, Carlos Morales Languasco plans a self-coup, but only a fraction of Dominican forces had arrived following his order. The plot is discovered by the President's opponents, which leads to Languasco's resignation.[27]

1906

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1907

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1908

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1909

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  • Goudi coup in Greece: A secret society of military officers called the Military League issued a pronunciamiento, resulting in the replacement of Prime Minister Dimitrios Rallis government and various reforms.
  • 31 March Incident in the Ottoman Empire: Shortly after the Young Turk Revolution, members of the military convened on Sultan Ahmet Square to demand reestablishment of Sharia. After a brief period of rival groups claiming to represent the legitimate government, the uprising was suppressed and the former government was ultimately restored.
  • 1909 Peruvian coup attempt

1910

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1911

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1912

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1913

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Citizens throng around The Citadel (La ciudadela) building during La decena tragica in 1913

1916

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1917

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1918

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1919

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1920–1929

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Defendants in the Beer Hall Putsch trial. Ludendorff is fifth from the left, with Hitler to the right. Ernst Röhm is to the right and in front of Hitler. Note that only two of the defendants, Hitler and Frick, were dressed in civilian clothing.

1920

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1921

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1922

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Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March on Rome in 1922. Mussolini stayed out of most of the march.

1923

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1924

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1925

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1926

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Józef Piłsudski and other leaders of the May Coup (1926) on Poniatowski Bridge in Warsaw

1928

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1929

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1930–1939

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1930

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1931

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  • March Incident in Japan: The radical, ultranationalist Sakurakai secret society attempted to start large-scale riots in Tokyo, which instigators hoped would lead to martial law and then a coup d'état by the Imperial Japanese Army. Two attempts to start riots failed, and the leaders of the plot were arrested.
  • October incident in Japan: The Sakurakai again plotted a coup, this time to be instigated by assassinations of key statesmen and officials. The plot was foiled by some of the plotters abandoning the effort, and leaks that reached the War Minister of Japan.
  • 1931 Salvadoran coup d'état: On 2 December, Arturo Araujo was overthrown by Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.

1932

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March in support of the proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Chile, in front of La Moneda Palace (12 June 1932)

1933

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1934

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1935

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1936

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1st Lt. Nibu Masatada and his rebel troops in the 26 February Incident of 1936

1937

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  • France: A Cagoulard plot to install a pro-Nazi government was foiled by French police.
  • Bolivia: Dissatisfied with the speed of new reforms, Germán Busch led a popular movement which secured the resignation of David Toro.
  • 1937 Brazilian coup d'état: President Getúlio Vargas, governing democratically since 1934, launched a self-coup and became the Dictator of the Brazilian Estado Novo ("New State").

1938

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1939

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1940–1949

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1940

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1941

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1942

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1943

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1944

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The conference room where Hitler survived the 20 July plot of 1944 after the explosion

1945

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1946

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1947

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1948

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1949

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1950–1959

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1950

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1951

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1952

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1953

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Events of the 1953 Iranian coup d'état

1954

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1955

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TV Senado video on Lott's countercoup (English subtitles)

1956

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1957

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1958

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1959

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1960–1969

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1960

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1961

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1962

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1963

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1964

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1965

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1966

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1967

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1968

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1969

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1970–1979

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1970

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1971

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1972

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1973

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1974

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1975

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1976

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1977

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1978

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1979

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1980–1989

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1980

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1981

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1982

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1983

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1984

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1985

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1986

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1987

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1988

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1989

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1990–1999

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1990

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1991

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1992

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1993

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1994

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1995

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1996

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1997

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1998

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1999

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2000–2009

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2000

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2001

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2002

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2003

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2004

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2005

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2006

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Tanks in Bangkok's street in 2006

2007

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2008

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2009

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  • Coup in Madagascar: the army seized one of the presidential palaces on 16 March 2009, at which president Marc Ravalomanana was not present. The proposal offered by the president for a referendum to solve the crisis was rejected. On 17 March 2009, Marc Ravalomanana resigned under pressure from the military.
  • In Honduras, the army seized one of the presidential palaces on 28 June 2009, kidnapped president Manuel Zelaya Rosales due to his endeavor for an unconstitutional reelection and extradited him from the country. The 23-nation Rio Group & the United Nations General Assembly condemned the coup d'état.[80][81]
  • On 24 April 2009, the Ethiopian government claimed, through the Ethiopian News Agency, that it had foiled a coup attempt led by members of Ginbot 7 to overthrow the government.[82] Ginbot 7 described the allegation that it had attempted a coup as a "baseless accusation" that fitted a pattern of distraction and scapegoating by the government.[83]

2010–2019

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2010

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2011

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2012

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2013

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2014

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2015

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2016

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2017

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  • A coup d'état plot was foiled in Austria in April. The leader Monika Unger and others were arrested after they tried to organise an army-led coup.[100]
  • On 21 June 2017, Prince Mohammed bin Salman ousted and succeeded Saudi Crown Prince and de facto leader Muhammad bin Nayef in what was described as a "palace coup".[101][102]
  • 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état: Harare, Zimbabwe. In the early hours of 15 November 2017, an army spokesman announced the military takeover of government. This was after the army had seized control of the state run television broadcasting station. During the night before they had stormed the president's private residence and placed the head of state, President Robert Mugabe under house arrest. The military police also captured and detained some cabinet ministers whom they labelled criminals around the president. It would succeed with the resignation of Mugabe on 21 November 2017.[103]
  • In December an attempted coup against the government in Equatorial Guinea.[104]

2018

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2019

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2020–present

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2020

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2021

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2022

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2023

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2024

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See also

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References

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  109. ^ "Picking up the Pieces in the Central African Republic". 29 January 2021. The government is deeply aggrieved at the perceived failure of some opposition leaders to clearly distance themselves from the coup attempt mounted by Bozizé
  110. ^ "Coup-Proofing: Russia's Military Blueprint to Securing Resources in Africa". 10 March 2021. These forces, joined by Rwandan troops, MINUSCA, and the country's Russian-trained military, retook three towns and major roads near the capital, successfully repelling the coup and allowing the election to move forward
  111. ^ a b Eastman v Thompson, et. al., 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260, 44 (S.D. Cal. 28 May 2022) ("The illegality of the plan was obvious. Our nation was founded on the peaceful transition of power, epitomized by George Washington laying down his sword to make way for democratic elections. Ignoring this history, President Trump vigorously campaigned for the Vice President to single-handedly determine the results of the 2020 election. (p 36) * * * Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower—it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation’s government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process. (p 44)").
  112. ^ Pruitt, Sarah. "How the Peaceful Transfer of Power Began With John Adams". HISTORY. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  113. ^ "All 10 living former defense secretaries: Involving the military in election disputes would cross into dangerous territory". The Washington Post. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  114. ^ Prothero, Mitch. "Some among America's military allies believe Trump deliberately attempted a coup and may have had help from federal law-enforcement officials". Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  115. ^ "Thompson & Cheney Opening Statements at Select Committee Hearing". 9 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022. Any legal jargon you hear about 'seditious conspiracy', 'obstruction of an official proceeding', 'conspiracy to defraud the United States' boils down to this: January 6th was the culmination of an attempted coup. A brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after January 6th, to overthrow the Government. Violence was no accident. It represented Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power.
  116. ^ "CNN Transcripts". CNN. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  117. ^ Peltz, Madeline (29 October 2021). "Leading up to January 6, Steve Bannon publicly bragged about his behind-the-scene role fomenting the insurrection". Media Matters for America. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  118. ^ "Myanmar gov't declares 1-year state of emergency: President's Office – Xinhua | English.news.cn". XinhuaNet. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  119. ^ "Myanmar military says it is taking control of the country". AP News. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  120. ^ "Armenian prime minister accuses military of attempted coup". The Guardian. 25 February 2021.
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edit

Scholarly databases and lists of coups include the following:

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