Bihar is a state located in the eastern part of India.

Neolithic (10800–3300 BC)

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Bronze Age (3300–1500 BC)

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Iron Age (1500–200 BC)

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Late Vedic Period

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  • 1700 BCE: King Brihadratha establishes the first ruling dynasty of Magadha.
  • 1100-600 BCE: The republics of Videha, Magadha and Anga ruled modern-day Bihar in the north, south-west and south-east respectively.

Rise of Magadha

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  • 540 BCE: Magadha under the of Haryanka dynasty annexed Anga.
  • 537 BCE: Siddhartha Gautama attained the state of enlightenment in Bodh Gaya. Mahavira born in Kundalpur around the same time. Buddhism and Jainism are given patronage by Magadha rulers.
  • 492 BCE: Ajatashatru secured the throne of Magadha by executing his father Bimbisara.
  • 490 BCE: Establishment of Pataliputra.
  • 484-468 BCE: Magadha-Vajji war won by Magadha thus unifying modern-day Bihar.
  • Around 460 BCE: Magadha annexed its neighbour Kosala and established itself as a great power in North India. By this time they had an effective system of administration and government, a powerful army and a flourishing trade network.
  • 413 BCE: Shishunaga successfully rebels against Nagadashaka of the Haryanka dynasty and ascends to the throne.
  • 400 BCE: Shishunaga defeated the Pradyota dynasty of Avanti, removing a major rival of Magadh.
  • 345 BCE: Mahapadma Nanda usurped the throne and then established Nanda dynasty.
  • 345-322 BCE: The Nanda kings made administrative reforms, centralized much of the power and introduced a new currency. They also maintained a formidable army why they used to aggressively expand the empire, eventually conquering most of Mahajahpads and achieving total supremacy in Ganges Basin. Even the army of Alexander the Great mutinied at the prospect of facing this giant army.

Mauryan Empire

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Middle Kingdoms (200 BC – 1200 AD)

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Medieval Period (1200–1750)

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  • 1200: Bakhtiyar Khilji's army destroys the World's first universities at Nalanda and Vikramshila. Start of Afghan-Muslim rule in the Magadh region.
  • 1200-1400: Sharp decline of Buddhism in Bihar and northern India in general
  • 1250-1526: Magadh (c. 1250) and Mithila (c. 1325) regions come under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate.
  • 1526-1540: Mughal Emperor Babur defeats the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, Lodi, and establishes the Mughal Empire.
  • 1540-1555: Sher Shah captures empire from Mughals.
  • 1540-1555: Building of the Grand Trunk Road, introduction of the rupee and of custom duties.
  • 1556 - 1764: The province of Bihar is formed and governed by the Mughal Empire.
  • 1666: Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and last Sikh Guru, is born in modern-day Patna.

Colonial Period (1750 – 1947)

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  • 1757-1857: The British East India Company expands its rule into Bihar from Bengal.
  • 1764: Battle of Buxar: Tax collection becomes the duty of the East India Company.
  • 1764-1920 Migration of Bihari & United Provinces workers across the British world by the Company and later British government.
  • 1857: Period of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. East India Company Sepoys from the Bengal Army (80% Hindu according to William Daryample in the book "The Last Mughal") declare Bahadur Shah Zafar II Emperor of Hindustan. The region becomes the centre of resistance to the East India Company. End of the Muslim Era.

Post Independence (1947 – 1990)

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  • 1946:First Cabinet of Bihar formed; consisting[7] of two members, Sri Krishna Sinha as first Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha[8] as Bihar's first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance[9] Minister (also in charge of Labour, Health, Agriculture and Irrigation). Other ministers are inducted later. The cabinet served as the first Bihar government after independence in 1947.
  • 1947: Indian Independence; Bihar becomes a state in the new Dominion of India.
  • 1947-1949: Hindu-Muslim religious violence leads to the migration of millions of Bihari Muslims to Pakistan (West and East)
  • 1952 Indian Government adopts symbols related to Bihar (Ashoka Chakra for the Indian flag, the Lion Pillar is made the symbol of the central government of India, all state governments, reserve bank, and the military, whilst the rupee, introduced in the area which is part of modern-day Bihar, is retained as the currency)
  • 1950 Dr. Rajendra Prasad is appointed first President of India.
  • 1952: State government initiates many irrigation and industrial development projects. It included several river valley projects right from Koshi, Aghaur and Sakri to several other such river projects.[10]
  • 1952-57:Purulia became a part of West Bengal state.Bihar rated as the best administered among the states in the country.[11]
  • 1955 The Birla Institute of Technology(BIT) is established[12] at Mesra, Ranchi.
  • 1957-62:Second five-year plan period, Bihar government brought several heavy industries like Barauni Oil Refinery, HEC plant at Hatia, Bokaro Steel Plant, Barauni Fertiliser Plant, Barauni Thermal Power Station, Maithon Hydel Power Station, Sulphur mines at Amjhaur, Sindri Fertiliser Plant, Kargali Coal Washery, Barauni Dairy Project, etc. for the all round development of the state.[13]

Modern Period (1990 - Present)

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Lalu–Rabri Yadav (1990 – 2005)

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Nitish Kumar ( Post 1997)

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References and footnotes

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  1. ^ Michael Witzel (1989), Colette Caillat (ed.), Tracing the Vedic dialects, in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes (PDF), Paris: de Boccard
  2. ^ a b aicc. "SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT OF MAHATMA GANDHI". aicc. Archived from the original on 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  3. ^ aicc. "SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT". aicc. Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
  4. ^ S Shankar. "First Congress Government:1937". website. Archived from the original on 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  5. ^ "Dr. S K Sinha". official website. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  6. ^ Kamat. "1937:A N Sinha, Finance Minister". Kamat's archive. Retrieved 2004-01-04.
  7. ^ S Shankar. "The Sri Babu-Anugrah babu government". website. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2005-04-08.
  8. ^ Kamat. "Anugrah Narayan Sinha". Kamat's archive. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
  9. ^ Dr. Rajendra Prasad's Letters to Anugrah Narayan Sinha (1989). First Finance cum Labour Minister. Rajendra Prasad's archive. ISBN 9788170230021. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  10. ^ "Bihar's first exemplary government". The Times of India. 1998-01-01.
  11. ^ "Bihar was once best administrated state during first government's tenure under sri babu:Nitish Kumar". The Hindustan Times. 2009-12-15. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  12. ^ Official Website BIT. "1955:BIT Mesra is founded". BIT. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  13. ^ "Bihar's first exemplary government". The Times of India. 1998-01-01.
  14. ^ Official Excerpts from Speech of Veteran Journalist. Emergency: Top Oppositional political leaders arrested. Website. Retrieved 2015-08-31. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Bihar chief ministership battle 1977. Website. June 2003. ISBN 9788170170617. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
  16. ^ "The Times of India: Latest News India, World & Business News, Cricket & Sports, Bollywood". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.
  17. ^ A.J. Philip. "A gentleman among politicians:Chhote Saheb". The Tribune. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
  18. ^ Goswami, Urmi A (2008-06-17). "Biharis get work at home, bashers realise their worth". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  19. ^ "Back as Bihar CM for the fourth time, Nitish Kumar has his task cut o…". Archived from the original on 23 February 2015.