Sarcolipin is a micropeptide protein that in humans is encoded by the SLN gene.[3][4]

SLN
Available structures
PDBHuman UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSLN, sarcolipin
External IDsOMIM: 602203; GeneCards: SLN; OMA:SLN - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003063

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_003054

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 107.71 – 107.72 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

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Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases are transmembrane proteins that catalyze the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. The SLN gene encodes a small transmembrane proteolipid that regulates several sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases by reducing the accumulation of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum without affecting the rate of ATP hydrolysis.[4]

Ablation of sarcolipin increases atrial Ca2+ transient amplitudes and enhanced atrial contractility. Furthermore, atria from sarcolipin-null mice have blunted response to isoproterenol stimulation, implicating sarcolipin as a mediator of beta-adrenergic responses in atria.[5]


Sarcolipin is an important mediator of muscle based non shivering thermogenesis (NST). It causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases to stop pumping Ca2+ ions but continue futilely hydrolysing ATP, thus releasing the energy as heat.[6][7] Sarcolipin mediated heat production is very important for many organisms to maintain a warm body. In mammals thermogenesis by skeletal muscles is complemented by thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue. [8] Sarcolipin mediated heat production in contractile muscles helps endothermic fish like the opah heat its body. Some fishes like the billfishes have a specialised brain heater tissue that is derived from muscles that cannot contract but specialise in producing heat using sarcolipin.

Interactions

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SLN (gene) has been shown to interact with PLN[9][10] and ATP2A1.[9][10]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170290Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ Odermatt A, Taschner PE, Scherer SW, Beatty B, Khanna VK, Cornblath DR, et al. (November 1997). "Characterization of the gene encoding human sarcolipin (SLN), a proteolipid associated with SERCA1: absence of structural mutations in five patients with Brody disease". Genomics. 45 (3): 541–53. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4967. hdl:2066/25426. PMID 9367679. S2CID 41989102.
  4. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SLN sarcolipin".
  5. ^ Babu GJ, Bhupathy P, Timofeyev V, Petrashevskaya NN, Reiser PJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Periasamy M (November 2007). "Ablation of sarcolipin enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport and atrial contractility". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (45): 17867–72. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10417867B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707722104. PMC 2077025. PMID 17971438.
  6. ^ Bal NC, Periasamy M (March 2020). "Uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity by sarcolipin as the basis for muscle non-shivering thermogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 375 (1793): 20190135. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0135. PMC 7017432. PMID 31928193.
  7. ^ Legendre LJ, Davesne D (March 2020). "The evolution of mechanisms involved in vertebrate endothermy". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 375 (1793): 20190136. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0136. PMC 7017440. PMID 31928191.
  8. ^ Reilly SM, Saltiel RA (22 October 2015). "A Futile Approach to Fighting Obesity?". Cell. 163 (3): 539–540. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.006. PMID 26496598. S2CID 10336243.
  9. ^ a b Asahi M, Sugita Y, Kurzydlowski K, De Leon S, Tada M, Toyoshima C, MacLennan DH (April 2003). "Sarcolipin regulates sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by binding to transmembrane helices alone or in association with phospholamban". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (9): 5040–5. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.5040A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0330962100. PMC 154294. PMID 12692302.
  10. ^ a b Asahi M, Kurzydlowski K, Tada M, MacLennan DH (July 2002). "Sarcolipin inhibits polymerization of phospholamban to induce superinhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs)". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (30): 26725–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200269200. PMID 12032137.

Further reading

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