Muhammad III of Shirvan

Muhammad III was the Shirvanshah from 981 to 991. He was the son and successor of Ahmad (r. 956–981).[1]

Muhammad III
Shirvanshah
ReignJune 981 – November 991
PredecessorAhmad
SuccessorYazid II
DiedNovember 991
Shamakhi
HouseHouse of Shirvanshah
FatherAhmad

Reign

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In 981/82, Muhammad III took the town of Qabala from its ruler, Abd al-Barr ibn Anbasa. In 982, he took control of Barda'a, and made Musa ibn Ali his lieutenant. In 983, a wall around the town of Shabaran was constructed under Muhammad IV's orders.[1] In 989/90, the inhabitants of the town of al-Bab became enthusiastic supporters of Muhammad al-Tuzi, a preacher who had arrived from Gilan. The latter soon took over the entire town, and fell into disfavour with its ruler, Maymun. The supporters of al-Tuzi laid siege to the castle of Maymun, forcing him to flee to Tabarsaran in 990/91.[2]

Muhammad III was subsequently invited by al-Tuzi to take control over al-Bab.[3] He went to the town, staying there for some months and overseeing its administration. He was eventually taken back to Shirvan by his men after suffering a head injury from a battle-axe by Balid, a ghulams of Maymun, who subsequently reconquered al-Bab.[1] Muhammad III died in November 991 and was succeeded by his brother Yazid II.[4]

Coinage and culture

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A coin struck under Muhammad III at Barda'a is engraved with the nasab ibn as-Sallar, which demonstrates that Muhammad III wanted to make it clear that he was the rightful heir of the Persian monarchs.[5] "Sallar" is derived from sardar, a military title under the Sasanian Empire (224–651).[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Minorsky 1958, p. 29.
  2. ^ Madelung 1975, p. 246.
  3. ^ Madelung 1975, pp. 246–247.
  4. ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 30.
  5. ^ Akopyan & Vardanyan 2009, p. 266.
  6. ^ Akopyan & Vardanyan 2009, p. 262.

Sources

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  • Akopyan, Alexander; Vardanyan, Aram (2009). "A donative dirham of the Shirwānshāh Muhammad ibn Ahmad (AH 370-81) struck in Barda'a in AH 373 (982/3)". Numismatic Chronicle: 261–267.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (2011). "Šervānšāhs". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  • Madelung, Wilferd (1975). "Minor dynasties of northern Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–250. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
  • Minorsky, Vladimir (1958). A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
Muhammad III of Shirvan
 Died: November 991
Regnal titles
Preceded by Shirvanshah
June 981 – November 991
Succeeded by