Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. The genus name was first proposed in 1923 by Danish physician Jeppe Ørskov in an attempt to classify what at the time was considered "ray fungi" based on morphology.[1] Members of this genus are found throughout natural soil and sediment environments, as well as in association with roots of plants of various species.[2] The genus is well known for its ability to produce a variety of medically relevant products.

Micromonospora
Three tubes with agar set on an angle have bacterial colonies streaked onto their surface. The bacterial colonies are differently coloured; the Micromonospora colonies are red in colour.
Micromonospora spp. (red colonies) on sloped agar medium, alongside 2 other tubes with differently coloured bacterial colonies.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Micromonosporales
Family: Micromonosporaceae
Genus: Micromonospora
Ørskov 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)
Type species
Micromonospora chalcea
Foulerton 1905; Ørskov 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Jishengella Xie et al. 2011
  • Verrucosispora Rheims et al. 1998
  • Xiangella Wang et al. 2013

They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water. Various species are sources of aminoglycoside antibiotics with spellings that end with -micin, such as gentamicin,[3] mutamicin,[4] netilmicin, retymicin, sisomicin,[5][6] verdamicin, calicheamicin, and the recently found turbinmicin.[7] Potent new antifungal drugs discovered in the microbiome of marine animals, unlike most other aminoglycoside names that end with -mycin (e.g. neomycin and streptomycin and are produced by Streptomyces spp.).

Species

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Micromonospora comprises the following species:[8]

References

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  1. ^ Ørskov, J. (1923). Investigations Into the Morphology of the Ray Fungi. Levin & Munksgaard.
  2. ^ Hirsch, Ann M.; Valdés, Maria (2010-04-01). "Micromonospora: An important microbe for biomedicine and potentially for biocontrol and biofuels". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 42 (4): 536–542. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.023. ISSN 0038-0717.
  3. ^ Weinstein MJ, Luedemann GM, Oden EM, Wagman GH, Rosselet JP, Marquez JA, et al. (July 1963). "Gentamicin, a new antibiotic complex from Micromonospora". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 463–4. doi:10.1021/jm00340a034. PMID 14184912.
  4. ^ Testa RT, Wagman GH, Daniels PJ, Weinstein MJ (September 17, 1974). "Mutamicins; biosynthetically created new sisomicin analogues". The Journal of Antibiotics. 27 (12): 917–21. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.27.917. PMID 4468277.
  5. ^ Weinstein MJ, Marquez JA, Testa RT, Wagman GH, Oden EM, Waitz JA (October 3, 1970). "Antibiotic 6640, a new Micromonospora-produced aminoglycoside antibiotic". The Journal of Antibiotics. 23 (11): 551–4. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.23.551. PMID 5487129.
  6. ^ Christine CC, Sanders E (1973). "Sisomicin: Evaluation in vitro and Comparison with Gentamicin and Tobramycin". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3 (1): 24–8. doi:10.1128/aac.3.1.24. PMC 444355. PMID 4790572.
  7. ^ Fan Zhang et al.: A marine microbiome antifungal targets urgent-threat drug-resistant fungi. In: Science Vol. 370, Issue 6519, 20 Nov 2020, pp. 974-978. doi:10.1126/science.abd6919. See also:
  8. ^ Parte, A.C. "Micromonospora". LPSN.