List of mental disorders

The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric disorder, is characterized by a pattern of behavior or mental function that significantly impairs personal functioning or causes considerable distress.^[1]

The DSM, a classification and diagnostic guide published by the American Psychiatric Association, includes over 450 distinct definitions of mental disorders.^[2] Meanwhile, the ICD, published by the World Health Organization, stands as the international standard for categorizing all medical conditions, including sections on mental and behavioral disorders.^[3]

Revisions and updates are periodically made to the diagnostic criteria and descriptions in the DSM and ICD to reflect current understanding and consensus within the mental health field. The list includes conditions currently recognized as mental disorders according to these systems. There is ongoing debate among mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, about the definitions and criteria used to delineate mental disorders. There is particular concern over whether certain conditions should be classified as "mental illnesses" or might more accurately be described as neurological disorders or in other terms.^[4]

Anxiety disorders

Dissociative disorders

Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative amnesia (formerly psychogenic amnesia)
Depersonalization-derealization disorder
Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
Dissociative neurological symptom disorder (this includes Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures)
Other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD)
Unspecified dissociative disorder
Ganser syndrome

Mood disorders

Depressive disorders

Bipolar disorders

Trauma and stressor related disorders

Neuro-developmental disorders

Intellectual disability
Language disorder
Sensory processing disorder
Speech sound disorder
Stuttering
Aphasia
Social communication disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder
Auditory processing disorder
Communication disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (formally a category that included Asperger syndrome, Classic autism and Rett syndrome)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Developmental coordination disorder
Tourette syndrome
Down syndrome
Tic disorder
Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Nonverbal learning Disorder (NVLD, NLD)

Sleep-wake disorders

Insomnia (including chronic insomnia and short-term insomnia)
Hypersomnia
Idiopathic hypersomnia
Kleine–Levin syndrome
Insufficient sleep syndrome
Narcolepsy
Restless legs syndrome
Sleep apnea
Night terrors (sleep terrors)
Exploding head syndrome

Parasomnias

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Neuro-cognitive disorders

Substance-related and addictive disorders

Substance related disorders

Disorders due to use of alcohol

Disorders due to use of cannabis

Disorders due to use of synthetic cannabinoids

Disorders due to use of opioids

Disorders due to use of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic

Disorders due to use of Cocaine

Disorders due to use of Amphetamines

Disorders due to use of synthetic cathinone

Disorders due to use of caffeine

Disorders due to use of hallucinogens

Disorders due to use of nicotine

Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants

Disorders due to use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP)

Non-substance related disorder

Paraphilias

Somatic symptom related disorders

Hypochondriasis
Cyberchondria
Somatization disorder
Conversion disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Factitious disorder imposed on self (munchausen syndrome)
Factitious disorder imposed on another (munchausen by proxy)
Pain disorder
Medically unexplained physical symptoms

Sexual dysfunctions

Elimination disorders

Enuresis (Involuntary urination)
Nocturnal enuresis
Encopresis (Involuntary defecation)

Feeding and eating disorders

Disruptive impulse-control, and conduct disorders

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Personality disorders

Cluster A (Odd, Eccentric)

Cluster B (Dramatic, Erratic)

Cluster C (Fearful, Anxious)

Not otherwise specified (PD-NOS)

Other

Gender dysphoria (also known as gender integrity disorder or gender incongruence, there are different categorizations for children and non-children in the ICD-11)
Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication
Catatonia
Culture-bound syndrome

References

^ Bolton, Derek (2008). What is mental disorder? an essay in philosophy, science, and values. International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856592-5. OCLC 174094316.
^ American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0890425756.
^ "International Classification of Diseases (ICD)". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014.
^ Sachdev, Perminder S.; Blacker, Deborah; Blazer, Dan G.; Ganguli, Mary; Jeste, Dilip V.; Paulsen, Jane S.; Petersen, Ronald C. (November 2014). "Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach". Nature Reviews Neurology. 10 (11): 634–642. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181. ISSN 1759-4758. PMID 25266297.

[1] Bolton, Derek (2008). What is mental disorder? an essay in philosophy, science, and values. International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856592-5. OCLC 174094316.

[DSM-5-TR-2] American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0890425756.

[3] "International Classification of Diseases (ICD)". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014.

[4] Sachdev, Perminder S.; Blacker, Deborah; Blazer, Dan G.; Ganguli, Mary; Jeste, Dilip V.; Paulsen, Jane S.; Petersen, Ronald C. (November 2014). "Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach". Nature Reviews Neurology. 10 (11): 634–642. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181. ISSN 1759-4758. PMID 25266297.

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