List of lands protected by Theodore Roosevelt through executive action

Below is a list of lands set aside as national parks, reserves, or other conservatories by President Theodore Roosevelt via executive order or proclamation. During his presidency, Roosevelt issued nearly 10 times more executive orders than his predecessor.[1] Many lands started out as preserves, but were expanded by later presidents and made into national forests.

TR's conservation policies

A cornerstone of his actions focused on the issue of conservation,[1] and Roosevelt set aside more national parks and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined.[2][3] At the time, Roosevelt's executive action was controversial,[4] and many of his actions were brought before a court.[5]

As early as 1892, in his book The Wilderness Hunter, Theodore Roosevelt was calling for the state to take command of wilderness lands.[6][7]

San Isabel National Forest
The sign for the western unit of Lewis and Clark National Forest on U.S. Route 2
A grove of Populus tremuloides in the Fish Lake National Forest
Huron National Wildlife Refuge
Brant goose nesting area at the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
Location Date Description Executive Order or Proclamation
Colorado April 11, 1902 San Isabel Forest Reserve Proclamation 467
Arizona April 11, 1902 Santa Rita Forest Reserve Proclamation 468
California April 12, 1902 San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve Proclamation 469
Nebraska April 16, 1902 Niobrara Forest Reserve Proclamation 470
Nebraska April 16, 1902 Dismal River Forest Reserve Proclamation 471
Wyoming May 22, 1902 Yellowstone Forest Reserve and Teton Forest Reserve Proclamation 473
Colorado May 22, 1902 Medicine Bow Forest Reserve Proclamation 474
Wyoming May 22, 1902 Big Horn Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 475
Wyoming June 13, 1902 Yellowstone Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 477
Colorado June 28, 1902 White River Forest Reserve Proclamation 479
Arizona July 2, 1902 Santa Catalina Forest Reserve Proclamation 481
Arizona July 22, 1902 Mount Graham Forest Reserve Proclamation 485
New Mexico July 26, 1902 Lincoln Forest Reserve Proclamation 486
Arizona July 30, 1902 Chiricahua Forest Reserve Proclamation 487
Montana August 16, 1902 Little Belt Forest Reserve Proclamation 489
Montana August 16, 1902 Madison Forest Reserve Proclamation 490
Alaska August 20, 1902 Alexander Archipelago Forest Reserve Proclamation 491
Montana September 4, 1902 Absaroka Forest Reserve Proclamation 493
Puerto Rico January 17, 1903 Loquillo Forest Reserve Proclamation 495
Wyoming January 29, 1903 Yellowstone National Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 496
Utah May 29, 1903 Manti Forest Reserve Proclamation 499
Utah May 29, 1903 Logan Forest Reserve Proclamation 500
Montana June 9, 1903 Lewis and Clarke Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 501
Utah September 5, 1903 Pocatello Forest Reserve Proclamation 505
Utah October 24, 1903 Aquarius Forest Reserve Proclamation 507
Utah November 5, 1903 Payson Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 509
Montana December 12, 1903 Highwood Mountains Forest Reserve Proclamation 511
California December 22, 1903 Santa Barbara Forest Reserve Proclamation 512
Oregon February 5, 1904 Baker City Forest Reserve Proclamation 515
South Dakota March 5, 1904 Cave Hills Forest Reserve Proclamation 517
South Dakota March 5, 1904 Slim Buttes Forest Reserve Proclamation 518
Utah May 2, 1904 Fish Lake Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 522
Wyoming and Montana May 4, 1904 Yellowstone National Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 524
Utah May 7, 1904 Grantsville Forest Reserve Proclamation 525
Utah May 26, 1904 Salt Lake Forest Reserve Proclamation 529
California November 29, 1904 Warner Mountains Forest Reserve Proclamation 534
California November 29, 1904 Modoc Forest Reserve Proclamation 535
Colorado December 6, 1904 South Platte Forest Reserve Proclamation 536
Stump Lake, North Dakota March 9, 1905 Stump Lake (North Dakota) E. O. 296-A
Arizona March 20, 1905 Pinal Mountains Forest Reserve Proclamation 539
California March 27, 1905 Plumas Forest Reserve Proclamation 540
California April 26, 1905 Trinity Forest Reserve Proclamation 543
California May 6, 1905 Klamath Forest Reserve Proclamation 544
Oregon May 6, 1905 Wallowa Forest Reserve Proclamation 546
Arizona May 6, 1905 Grand Canyon Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 547
Oregon and Washington May 12, 1905 Wenaha Forest Reserve Proclamation 548
Colorado May 12, 1905 Leadville Forest Reserve Proclamation 549
Utah May 12, 1905 Sevier Forest Reserve Proclamation 550
Oregon May 12, 1905 Chesnimnus Forest Reserve Proclamation 551
Montana May 12, 1905 Elkhorn Forest Reserve Proclamation 552
Colorado May 12, 1905 Gunnison Forest Reserve Proclamation 553
Colorado May 12, 1905 Pikes Peak Forest Reserve Proclamation 554
Idaho May 23, 1905 Henrys Lake Forest Reserve Proclamation 560
Idaho May 25, 1905 Weiser Forest Reserve Proclamation 561
Idaho May 29, 1905 Sawtooth Forest Reserve Proclamation 562
California June 2, 1905 Lassen Peak Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 564
Oregon June 2, 1905 Mauty Mountain Forest Reserve Proclamation 565
Idaho June 3, 1905 Payette Forest Reserve Proclamation 566
Colorado June 3, 1905 San Juan Forest Reserve Proclamation 567
Colorado June 12, 1905 Park Range Forest Reserve Proclamation 569
Colorado June 12, 1905 San Isabel Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 570
Colorado June 12, 1905 Wet Mountains Forest Reserve Proclamation 572
Idaho June 12, 1905 Cassia Forest Reserve Proclamation 573
Colorado June 13, 1905 Cochetopa Forest Reserve Proclamation 574
Colorado June 13, 1905 Montezuma Forest Reserve Proclamation 575
Colorado June 14, 1905 Uncompahgre Forest Reserve Proclamation 576
California July 15, 1905 Diamond Mountain Forest Reserve Proclamation 579
New Mexico July 21, 1905 Gila Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 582
Utah July 21, 1905 Payson Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 583
South Dakota July 22, 1905 Short Pine National Forest Proclamation 584
Kansas July 25, 1905 Garden City Forest Reserve Proclamation 585
California July 25, 1905 Sierra Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 586
Colorado August 25, 1905 Holy Cross Forest Reserve Proclamation 592
Utah September 25, 1905 Dixie Forest Reserve Proclamation 593
Montana October 3, 1905 Madison Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 594
Montana October 3, 1905 Big Belt Forest Reserve Proclamation 595
California October 3, 1905 Shasta Forest Reserve Proclamation 596
California and Nevada October 3, 1905 Tahoe Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 597
Arizona October 3, 1905 Tonto Forest Reserve Proclamation 598
Montana October 3, 1905 Hell Gate Forest Reserve Proclamation 599
New Mexico October 3, 1905 Lincoln Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 600
New Mexico October 3, 1905 Portales Forest Reserve Proclamation 601
Montana October 3, 1905 Little Belt Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 602
Anna Maria, Florida October 10, 1905 Passage Key National Wildlife Refuge 357-B
Isle Royal, Michigan October 10, 1905 Siskiwit Lake (Isle Royale) 357-C
Marquette County, Michigan October 10, 1905 Huron National Wildlife Refuge 357-D
New Mexico October 12, 1905 Jemez Forest Reserve Proclamation 603
South Dakota October 31, 1905 Black Hills Forest Reserve 365-B
Louisiana November 11, 1905 Breton Island Reservation 369-A
California November 11, 1905 Yuba Forest Reserve Proclamation 606
Florida February 10, 1906 Indian Key Reservation 409
Arizona June 30, 1906 Black Mesa Forest Reserve (Expanded) Proclamation 606
Louisiana August 8, 1907 Tern Islands Reservation 675
Louisiana August 17, 1907 Shell Keys Reservation 682
Oregon October 14, 1907 Three Arch Rocks Reservation 699
Washington October 23, 1907 Flattery Rocks Reservation 703
Washington October 23, 1907 Copalis Rock Reservation 704
Washington October 23, 1907 Quillayute Needles Reservation 705
Louisiana December 7, 1907 East Timbalier Island Reservation 718
Florida February 24, 1908 Mosquito Inlet Reservation 763
Florida April 6, 1908 Tortugas Keys Reservation 779
Idaho and Utah May 26, 1908 Pocatello National Forest (Expanded) 801
Utah May 26, 1908 Cache National Forest 802
Oregon June 13, 1908 Whitman National Forest 813
Oregon June 13, 1908 Malheur National Forest 814
Oregon June 13, 1908 Umatilla National Forest 815
Oregon June 13, 1908 Deschutes National Forest 816
Oregon June 13, 1908 Fremont National Forest 817
Washington June 18, 1908 Columbia National Forest 820
Washington June 18, 1908 Chelan National Forest 823
Washington June 18, 1908 Snoqualmie National Forest 824
Washington June 18, 1908 Wenatchee National Forest 825
Utah June 18, 1908 Neba National Forest 827
Montana June 25, 1908 Blackfeet National Forest 834
Montana June 25, 1908 Flathead National Forest 835
Colorado June 25, 1908 Routt National Forest 837
Colorado June 25, 1908 Hayden National Forest 830
Idaho June 26, 1908 Challis National Forest 840
Idaho June 26, 1908 Salmon National Forest 841
Idaho June 26, 1908 Pend Oreille National Forest 844
Idaho June 26, 1908 Kanikau National Forest 845
California June 26, 1908 Angeles National Forest 846
California June 26, 1908 San Luis National Forest 847
New Mexico June 26, 1908 Carson National Forest 848
Wyoming June 26, 1908 Sundance National Forest 850
Idaho June 26, 1908 Idaho National Forest 855
Idaho June 26, 1908 Boise National Forest 857
Oregon June 30, 1908 Siuslaw National Forest 860
Wyoming June 30, 1908 Cheyenne National Forest 861
Oregon June 30, 1908 Cascade National Forest 863
Oregon June 30, 1908 Oregon National Forest 864
Oregon and California June 13, 1908 Cheyenne National Forest (Expanded) 866
Wyoming July 1, 1908 Targhee National Forest 871
Wyoming July 1, 1908 Teton National Forest 872
Wyoming July 1, 1908 Wyoming National Forest 873
Wyoming July 1, 1908 Bonneville National Forest 874
Montana July 1, 1908 Absaroka National Forest 875
Montana July 1, 1908 Beaverhead National Forest 877
Montana July 1, 1908 Deerlodge National Forest 880
Colorado July 1, 1908 Rio Grande National Forest 887
Colorado July 1, 1908 Pike National Forest 888
Colorado July 1, 1908 Arapaho National Forest 893
Colorado July 1, 1908 Battlement National Forest 894
Wyoming July 1, 1908 Shoshone National Forest 895
Montana June 30, 1908 Beartooth National Forest 896
California July 2, 1908 Lassen National Forest 906
California July 2, 1908 California National Forest 907
Florida August 8, 1908 Key West Reservation 923
Oregon August 8, 1908 Klamath Lake Reservation 924
Oregon August 18, 1908 Lake Malheur Reservation 929
North Dakota August 28, 1908 Chase Lake Reservation 932
Florida September 15, 1908 Pine Island Reservation 939
Florida September 26, 1908 Palma Sola Reservation 942
Florida September 26, 1908 Matlacha Pass Reservation 943
Florida October 23, 1908 Island Bay Reservation 958
Oregon October 26, 1908 Loch Katrine Reservation 961
Hawaii February 3, 1909 Hawaiian Islands Reservation 1019
  • Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico
  • Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
February 25, 1909 Seventeen Reservations 1032
Alaska February 27, 1909 Bering Sea Reservation 1037
Alaska February 27, 1909 Fire Island Reservation 1038
Alaska February 27, 1909 Tuxedni Reservation 1039
Alaska February 27, 1909 Saint Lazaria Reservation 1040
Alaska February 27, 1909 Yukon Delta Reservation 1041
Puerto Rico February 27, 1909 Culebra Reservation 1042
California February 27, 1909 Farallon Reservation 1043
Alaska February 27, 1909 Pribilof Reservation 1044
Alaska March 3, 1909 Bogoslof Reservation 1049

References

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  1. ^ a b The Debate Over Executive Orders Began With Teddy Roosevelt’s Mad Passion for Conservation
  2. ^ W. Todd Benson, President Theodore Roosevelt's Conservations Legacy (2003)
  3. ^ Douglas Brinkley, The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (2010)
  4. ^ Theodore Roosevelt, the making of a conservationist
  5. ^ American Progressivism: A Reader
  6. ^ People and Places of Nature and Culture, Intellect Books; University of Chicago Press
  7. ^ The wilderness hunter, by Theodore Roosevelt. "We need, in the interest of the community at large, a rigid system of game laws rigidly enforced, and it is not only admissible, but one may almost say necessary, to establish, under the control of the State, great national forest reserves, which shall also be breeding grounds and nurseries for wild game"
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