Wikipedia

List of hemipterans of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about two million species of arthropods found in the world, and still is counting.

The following list is about confirmed hemipterans recorded in Sri Lanka, though many new unconfirmed sightings are existent.

Hemipterans

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Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera

The Hemiptera order of insects includes the insects commonly known as the true bugs. The order includes planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, cicadas, aphids. More than 70,000 species are distributed worldwide.[1] Most hemipterans are plant sap feeders, some are parasitic, while the rest are predators who attack small insects and small invertebrates. Most species are terrestrial and a few are aquatic. Hemipterans are hemimetabolous, where young are similar to adults in the morphology. Hemipterans are economically important insects, where most of them are agricultural pests and vertebrate parasites.[2]

The following list provide the hemipterans currently identified in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is known to be home for 794 species of hemipterans included to 71 families. Detailed work of Sri Lankan hemipterans are recorded in book Catalogue of Hemiptera of Sri Lanka.[3] Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 families of aphids within order Hemiptera. Two endemic aphid species found on Sri Lanka. Many researches have been carried out by different hemipteran families by local and overseas experts.[4][5][6][7]

In 2009, M. Prashanthini and M. Vinobaba of Eastern University of Sri Lanka carried out experiments on mealybugs and identified 38 species of mealybugs from Sri Lanka with new exotic species.[8][9][10][11] Un updated systematic catalogue of cicadas of South Asia have been published in 2016. According to that, 22 species of cicadas were recorded from Sri Lanka.[12] Chopra and Rustagi in 2012 published the characters of the subfamily Chauliopinae from India and Sri Lanka.[13]

In 2012, B. Vasantharaj David compiled the checklist and diversity of whiteflies of Sri Lanka with new records of seven species and new Pealius species from Sri Lanka.[14] Fourteen species belonging to eight genera of soft scales were identified with two introduced species from Sri Lanka.[15] The provisional checklist of the leafhoppers in Sri Lanka have been compiled by Dr. Rajendramani Gnaneswaran of the department of zoology, University of Jaffna. With her revision, 257 leafhopper species belonging to 120 genera have been identified from Sri Lanka.[16]

Family: Achilidae - achilid planthoppers

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Family: Aclerdidae - aclerdid scales

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Family: Adelgidae - spruce aphids

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Family: Aleyrodidae - whiteflies

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Family: Alydidae - broad-headed bugs

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Family: Aphalaridae

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Family: Aphididae

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Main article: List of aphids of Sri Lanka

Family: Aphrophoridae - spittlebugs

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Family: Aradidae - flat bugs

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Family: Asterolecaniidae - pit scales

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Family: Belostomatidae - giant water bugs

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Family: Berytidae - stilt bugs

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Family: Caliscelidae - piglet bugs

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Family: Calophyidae

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Family: Carsidaridae

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Family: Cercopidae - froghoppers

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Family: [erococcidae - ornate pit scales

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Family: Cicadellidae - leafhoppers

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Family: Cixiidae - cixiid planthoppers

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Family: Coccidae - soft scales

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Family: Conchaspididae - false armored scales

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Family: Coreidae - squash bugs

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Family: Corixidae - water boatmen

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Family: Cydnidae - burrowing bugs

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Family: Cymidae

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Family: Dactylopiidae - cochineals

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Family: Delphacidae - delphacid planthoppers

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Family: Derbidae - derbid planthoppers

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Family: Diaspididae - armored scale insects

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Family: Dictyopharidae - dictyopharid planthoppers

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Family: Dinidoridae

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Family: Eriococcidae - felt scales

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Family: Eurybrachidae

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Family: Flatidae - flatid planthoppers

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Family: Fulgoridae - lanternflies

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Family: Geocoridae - big-eyed bugs

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Family: Gerridae - water striders

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Family: Halimococcidae - pupillarial palm scales

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Family: Issidae - issid planthoppers

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Family: Kerriidae - lac insects

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Family: Kinnaridae - kinnarid planthoppers

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Family: Largidae - bordered plant bugs

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Family: Lecanodiaspididae - false pit scales

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Family: Liviidae

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Family: Lophopidae

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Family: Lygaeidae - milkweed bugs

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Family: Machaerotidae - tube spittlebugs

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Family: Malcidae

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Family: Meenoplidae

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Family: Membracidae - typical treehoppers

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Family: Miridae - plant bugs

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Family: Monophlebidae - giant scales

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Family: Naucoridae - creeping water bugs

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Family: Nepidae - waterscorpions

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Family: Ochteridae - velvety shore bugs

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Family: Ortheziidae - ensign scales

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Family: Oxycarenidae

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Family: Pachygronthidae

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Family: Pentatomidae - stink bugs

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Family: Plataspidae

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Family: Pseudococcidae - mealybugs

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Family: Psyllidae - jumping plant lice

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Family: Pyrrhocoridae - cotton stainers

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Family: Rhyparochromidae - seed bugs

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Family: Saldidae - shore bugs

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Family: Scutelleridae - jewel bugs

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Family: Tettigometridae

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Family: Tingidae - lace bugs

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Family: Triozidae - jumping plant lice

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Family: Tropiduchidae

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Family: Ulopidae

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References

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  1. ^ Jon Martin; Mick Webb. "Hemiptera...It's a Bug's Life" (PDF). Natural History Museum. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  2. ^ Gullan, Penny; Kosztarab, Michael (1997). "Adaptations in scale insects". Annual Review of Entomology. 42: 23–50. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.23. PMID 15012306.
  3. ^ Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation. IUCN. ISBN 9789558177518. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  4. ^ "Diaphorocoris punctatissimus (Kirby)". plazi.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  5. ^ Heiss, E; Baňař, P (2013). "New apterous Carventinae from Sri Lanka and Southern India (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae)". Zootaxa. 3647 (3): 488–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3647.3.6. PMID 26295121.
  6. ^ "Distribution and Host Range of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka". repository.kln.ac.lk. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  7. ^ "Identification of Rastrococcus rubellus Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on mango: a new record to Sri Lanka". cabdirect.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  8. ^ "First record of new exotic Mealybug species, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its Host range and abundance in the Eastern Sri Lanka" (PDF). Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Occurrence, distribution and control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien pest in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka". Research Gate. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  11. ^ Sirisena, U.G.A.I.; Watson, G.W.; Hemachandra, K.S.; Wijayagunasekara, H.N.P. (2015). "Mealybugs species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka". Tropical Agricultural Research. 25: 69. doi:10.4038/tar.v25i1.8031.
  12. ^ Price, BW; Allan, EL; Marathe, K; Sarkar, V; Simon, C; Kunte, K (2016). "The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: an annotated provisional catalogue, regional checklist and bibliography". Biodivers Data J. 4 (4): e8051. doi:10.3897/BDJ.4.e8051. PMC 5018104. PMID 27660527.
  13. ^ Chopra, N.P.; Rustagi, K.B. (1982). "The subfamily Chauliopinae of India and Sri Lanka (Hemiptera : Malcidae)". Oriental Insects. 16: 19–28. doi:10.1080/00305316.1982.10434324.
  14. ^ David, B. Vasantharaj; Kumar Dubey, Anil (2008). "Aleyrodid (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) fauna of Sri Lanka with description of a new species". Oriental Insects. 42: 349–358. doi:10.1080/00305316.2008.10417560. S2CID 84970994.
  15. ^ Sirisena, U. G. A. I; Watson, G. W; Hemachandra, K. S; Wijayagunasekara, H. N. P (2016). "Diversity of Soft Scale Insects (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) in Sri Lanka". Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. link.springer.com. pp. 285–295. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1518-2_17. ISBN 978-981-10-1517-5.
  16. ^ "Provisional Checklist of the Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Sri Lanka". Retrieved 1 November 2017.
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