Johannes Janssen (Xanten, 10 April 1829 – Frankfurt-am-Main, 24 December 1891) was a German Catholic priest and historian. He wrote an eight volume History of the German People, quoting many original sources.

Johannes Janssen.

Life

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Johannes Janssen (1829-1891)

After graduating from the Rektoratsschule in Xanten (today's Stiftsgymnasium), he was educated at the universities of Münster, Leuven, Bonn and Berlin. It was while he was at the University of Louvain that be resolved to make the study of history his principal work. He became a teacher of history at the Gymnasium in Frankfurt-am-Main, a position he held up to the time of his death.[1] Historian Ludwig von Pastor was one of his students.[2]

Janssen had long been interested in entering the priesthood, but the delicate state of his health postponed that for some time. He was ordained priest at Limburg in March 1860. Not satisfied with attending to the ordinary duties of the classroom, Janssen devoted his spare time to historical research, the results of which were embodied in many learned volumes. In 1864-65 he spent several months in Rome, where he consulted the archives of the Vatican on matters relating to the Thirty Years' War.[1]

 
Janssen's grave, Hauptfriedhof

He became a member of the Prussian House of Deputies in 1875, joined the Centre party, and spent much time in Berlin. In 1880 was made domestic prelate to the pope and apostolic pronotary. He died at Frankfurt. Janssen was a stout champion of the Ultramontane party in the Roman Catholic Church.[3] Janssen died in Frankfurt on Christmas Eve 1891. Wilhelm II, German Emperor sent a wreath for the coffin.[4] An asylum for the poor and abandoned children of Frankfort, erected in 1894 in the town of Oberursel, owed its existence largely to his efforts.

Works

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His first work was a Latin biography of Abbot Wibald, which appeared in a revised form in German (1854). In 1856 he published a volume of historical documents relating to the Diocese of Munster, Die Geschichtsquellen des Bisthums Münster, 3 vols. In the essay "Zur Genesis der ersten Theilung Polens" (1865) he explained the circumstances under which the former Kingdom of Poland was robbed of part of its dominions by neighbouring countries.

He wrote a biography in three volumes in 1868 of Johann Friedrich Böhmer, a man whom he considered as his teacher and guide.[5] In 1876-77 appeared a two volume biography of the writer and poet Count Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg.[6]

His great work is his Geschichte des deutschen Volkes seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters (8 vols., Freiburg, 1878–1894), first suggested by Böhmer in 1853. He argues against Luther, Zwingli and the other Protestant reformers, and claimed that Protestantism was responsible for the general unrest in Germany during the 16th and 17th centuries. The author's conclusions led to some controversy, and Janssen wrote An meine Kritiker (Freiburg, 1882) and Ein zweites Wort an meine Kritiker (Freiburg, 1883) in reply to the Janssens Geschichte des deutschen Volkes (Munich, 1883) of Max Lenz, and other criticisms.[3] A French historian quoted in the Revue des Deux Mondes said, "To get impatient with Janssen is easy: to prove that he is wrong, just the reverse."[4]

The Geschichte, which has passed through numerous editions, has been continued and improved by Ludwig Pastor,[2] and the greater part of it has been translated into English by M. A. Mitchell and A. M. Christie (London, 1896, fol.). Of his other works perhaps the most important are: the editing of Frankfurts Reichskorrespondenz, 1376–1519 (Freiburg, 1863–1872); and of the Leben, Briefe und kleinere Schriften of his friend JF Böhmer (Leipzig, 1868); a monograph, Schiller als Historiker (Freiburg, 1863); and Zeit- und Lebensbilder (Freiburg, 1875).[3]

Works in English translation

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Schaefer, Francis. "Johann Janssen." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b Antoni, Carlo. "Pastor, Ludwig von", Enciclopedia Italiana (1935)
  3. ^ a b c   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Janssen, Johannes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–155.
  4. ^ a b "Johannes Janssen", Alexander, Joseph.The Catholic World, Vol. LV, (1892) pp. 572–579.
  5. ^ Janssen, Johannes. Johann Friedrich Boehmers Leben, Briefe und kleinere Schriften, Freiburg, 1868
  6. ^ Janssen, Johannes. F. L. Graf zu Stolberg (2 vols, 1877), 2nd ed. 1882

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Johann Janssen". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Sources

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  • Duhr, Bernard (1930). "Johannes Janssem als Katholiseher Historiker," Der Katholische Gedanke, Vol. III, No. 3.
  • Jedin, Hubert (1974). "Janssen, Johannes". In: Neue Deutsche Biographie. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
  • Meister, Franz (1896). Erinnerung an Johannes Janssen. Frankfort: A. Foesser Nachf.
  • Mooney, John A. (1887). "Professor Janssen and other Modern German Historians," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XII, pp. 424–451.
  • Mooney, John A. (1888). "Johannes Janssen, Germany's Great Historian," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XIII, pp. 429–462.
  • Pastor, Ludwig von (1893). Johannes Janssen. Freiburg: Herder.
  • Pastor, Ludwig von (1905). "Janssen, Johannes". In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 733–741.
  • Schwann, Mathieu (1892). Johannes Janssen und die Geschichte der deutschen Reformation. München: C. Mehrlich.
  • Thompson, James Westfall (1942). "Catholic Historians." In: A History of Historical Writing. The Macmillan Company, pp. 535–558.
  • Wildermuth, Bernd (1990). "Johannes Janssen". In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. Hamm: Bautz.