The Huáyí yìyǔ (Chinese: 華夷譯語; lit. 'Sino-Foreign vocabularies') refers to a series of vocabularies produced by Ming and Qing dynasty Chinese administration for the study of foreign languages. They are a precious source of phonological information, both for the study of Chinese pronunciation and for the study of the languages in question.

Categorization

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The relevant works of the huáyí yìyǔ fall into four categories: A Sino-Mongolian vocabulary compiled by Huo Yuanjie (火源潔), 2. Vocabularies that were compiled and re-edited in the Siyiguan (四夷館). 3. Vocabularies prepared by the Huitongguan (會同館). 4. Qing dynasty vocabularies.[1]

Languages covered in the Siyiguan

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The languages covered by works in the second class include:

Tatsuo Nishida published a book studying each, the Tibetan,[4] Burmese,[5] Tosu[6] and Lolo [7] languages as recorded in the Hua-yi yiu.

Languages covered in the Huitongguan

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The languages covered by works in the third class covered:

  • 朝鮮 Korean
  • 琉球 Ryukyuan
  • 日本 Japanese
  • 安南 (Annan) northern Vietnam
  • 暹羅 Siamese
  • 韃靼 Khitan (the Eastern Mongols)
  • 畏兀兒/委兀兒 Uighur
  • 滿剌加 Malaccan Malay
  • 占城 Champa of southern Vietnam
  • 西番 “Western Barbarians” (Tibetans of the Kham region)
  • 回回 Persian
  • 女直 Jurchen
  • 百夷 Baiyi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ YONG-SŎNG LI, The Uighur Word Materials in a Manuscript of Huá-yí-yì-yǔ (華夷譯語) in the Library of Seoul National University (V) — 天文門 tianwenmen ‘the category of astronomy’ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society; Cambridge Vol. 29, Iss. 2, (Apr 2019): 257-318. DOI:10.1017/S1356186318000433
  2. ^ Ido, Shinji (2018). "Chapter 2: Huihuiguan zazi: A New Persian glossary compiled in Ming China". Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–52. doi:10.1515/9783110455793-003.
  3. ^ Ido, Shinji (2015). "New Persian vowels transcribed in Ming China". Iranian languages and literatures of Central Asia: from the 18th century to the present. Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes. pp. 99–136.
  4. ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1970. Seibankan Yakugo no kenkyū: Chibetto gengogaku josetsu 西番館譯語の研究:チベット言語學序説 (A study of the Tibetan-Chinese vocabulary Hsi-fan-kuan i-yu: An introduction to Tibetan linguistics). Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 華夷譯語研究叢書1. Kyoto: 松香堂Shōkadō.
  5. ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1972. Mentenkan Yakugo no kenkyū: Biruma gengogaku josetsu 緬甸館譯語の研究:ビルマ言語學序説 (A study of the Burmese-Chinese vocabulary Mien-tien-kuan i-yu: An introduction to Burmese linguistics). Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 2. Kyoto: Shōkadō.
  6. ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1973. Tosu Yakugo no kenkyū: Shin gengo Tosugo no kōzō to keitō 多續譯語の研究:新言語トス語の構造と系統 (A study of the Tosu-Chinese vocabulary Tos i-yu: The stricture and linage of Tosu, a new language.) Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 6. Kyoto: Shōkadō.
  7. ^ 西田龍雄(1980) 1979. Roro Yakugo no kenkyū: Rorogo no kōzō to keitō 倮儸譯語の研究:ロロ語の構造と系統 (A study of the Lolo-Chinese vocabulary Lolo i-yu: The stricture and linage of Shui-liao Lolo.) Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 6. Kyoto: Shōkadō.