Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae.[3][4] They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections,[5] but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiaceae.[6] They were also thought only to exhibit apical growth, but there are genera known to grow by intercalary growth.[6] Most, but not all, genera have three phases to the life cycle.[6] In the subclass Nemaliophycidae there are three orders, Balbianiales, Batrachospermales, and Thoreales, which lives exclusively in freshwater.[7]
| Florideophyceae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| "Florideae" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904 | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Archaeplastida |
| Division: | Rhodophyta |
| Subdivision: | Eurhodophytina |
| Class: | Florideophyceae Cronquist, 1960[2] |
| Subgroups | |
Classification
edit
There are various classification schemes; see red algae. One option is to use the following:
Subclass Hildenbrandiophycidae
editSubclass Nemaliophycidae
edit- Acrochaetiales
- Balbianiales
- Balliales
- Batrachospermales
- Colaconematales
- Nemaliales
- Palmariales
- Entwisleiales
- Thoreales
Subclass Corallinophycidae
editThe subclass Corallinophycidae was introduced in 2007.[8]
Subclass Ahnfeltiophycidae
editSubclass Rhodymeniophycidae
edit- Bonnemaisoniales
- Ceramiales
- Gelidiales
- Gigartinales
- Gracilariales
- Halymeniales
- Nemastomatales
- Peyssonneliales
- Plocamiales
- Rhodymeniales
- Acrosymphytales
- Atractophorales
- Catenellopsidales
- Sebdeniales
According to molecular clock analysis, Florideophyceae diverged from other red algae about 943 (817–1,049) million years ago. It split into Hildenbrandiophycidae ca. 781 (681–879) mya, Nemaliophycidae ca. 661 (597–736) mya and Corallinophycidae ca. 579 (543–617) mya, and ca. 508 (442–580) mya the split between Ahnfeltiophycidae and Rhodymeniophycidae occurred.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Yang, Eun Chan; Boo, Sung Min; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Saunders, Gary W.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Graf, Louis; Yoon, Hwan Su (2016). "Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae". Scientific Reports. 6: 21361. Bibcode:2016NatSR...621361Y. doi:10.1038/srep21361. PMC 4759575. PMID 26892537.
- ^ Cronquist, A. (1960). "The divisions and classes of plants". The Botanical Review. 26 (4): 425–482. Bibcode:1960BotRv..26..425C. doi:10.1007/BF02940572. S2CID 43144314.
- ^ Yoon, Hwan Su; Muller, Kirsten M.; Sheath, Robert G.; Ott, Franklyn D.; Bhattacharya, Debashish (April 2006). "Defining the Major Lineages of Red Algae (Rhodophyta)1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (2): 482–492. Bibcode:2006JPcgy..42..482Y. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00210.x. ISSN 0022-3646. S2CID 27377549.
- ^ Petroll, Romy; Schreiber, Mona; Finke, Hermann; Cock, J. Mark; Gould, Sven B.; Rensing, Stefan A. (9 July 2021). "Signatures of Transcription Factor Evolution and the Secondary Gain of Red Algae Complexity". Genes. 12 (7): 1055. doi:10.3390/genes12071055. PMC 8304369. PMID 34356071.
- ^ Dawes, C. J.; Scott, F. M.; Bowler, E. (1961). "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta". American Journal of Botany. 48 (10): 925–934. doi:10.2307/2439535. JSTOR 2439535.
- ^ a b c Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, 4th edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63883-8.
- ^ Complete mitochondrial genomes of six species of the freshwater red algal order Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta)
- ^ Le Gall L, Saunders GW (June 2007). "A nuclear phylogeny of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) inferred from combined EF2, small subunit and large subunit ribosomal DNA: establishing the new red algal subclass Corallinophycidae". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43 (3): 1118–30. Bibcode:2007MolPE..43.1118L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.012. PMID 17197199.