Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow,[3] is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae.[4][5][2]

Eriophyllum lanatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Eriophyllum
Species:
E. lanatum
Binomial name
Eriophyllum lanatum
Synonyms[1][2]
Synonymy
  • Actinella lanata Pursh 1813
  • Actinea lanata (Pursh) Steud.
  • Bahia lanata (Pursh) DC.
  • Helenium lanatum (Pursh) Spreng.
  • Trichophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Nutt.
  • Eriophyllum caespitosum Douglas ex Lindl.
  • Eriophyllum harfordii Rydb.
  • Eriophyllum pedunculatum A.Heller
  • Eriophyllum superbum Rydb.
  • Bahia achillioides DC., syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum achilleoides (DC.) Greene, syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum greenei Elmer, syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum idoneum Jeps., syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum ternatum Greene, syn of var. achillioides
  • Bahia arachnoidea Fisch. & Avé-Lall., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Bahia latifolia Lindl. 1853 not Benth. 1844, syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Bahia trolliifolia (Lag.) DC., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Greene, syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum trolliifolium Lag., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum croceum Greene, syn of var. croceum
  • Egletes californica Kellogg, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Eriophyllum grandiflorum (A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Eriophyllum speciosum Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Bahia cuneata Kellogg, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia gracilis Hook. & Arn., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia integrifolia (Hook.) DC., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia leucophylla D.C.Eaton 1871 not DC. 1836, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia multiflora (Nutt.) Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum bolanderi Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum chrysanthum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum cineraria Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum cuneatum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum gracile (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum integrifolium (Hook.) Greene, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum lutescens Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum monoense Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum nevadense Gand., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum trichocarpum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum watsonii A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Trichophyllum integrifolium Hook., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum lanceolatum Howell, syn of var. lanceolatum
  • Eriophyllum rixfordii Eastw., syn of var. lanceolatum
  • Eriophyllum leucophyllum (DC.) Howell, syn of var. leucophyllum
  • Eriophyllum brachylepis Rydb., syn of var. obovatum
  • Eriophyllum obovatum Greene, syn of var. obovatum

Description

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Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 in) long,[3] linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems.[2] The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface.[2][3]

The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about 5 cm (2 in) wide.[3] Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow,[3] with one flower head on each flowering stalk.[2][6] The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers.[7] They bloom from May to August.[4][5] The seeds have scales at the tip.[3]

Taxonomy

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806.[citation needed] Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813.[8]

The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum.

Varieties

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Varieties include:[2][4][6]

Distribution and habitat

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Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California,[4] also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah.[4][17] This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there.[18]

It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats.[4] It commonly grows in dry, open places[3] below 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs.[7]

References

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  1. ^ The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  4. ^ a b c d e f University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes
  5. ^ a b Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
  6. ^ a b Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower
  7. ^ a b Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
  8. ^ Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
  9. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides
  10. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum
  11. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum
  12. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum
  13. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii
  14. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium
  15. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum
  16. ^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
  17. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  18. ^ Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.

Further reading

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