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The Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center (XSCC; Chinese: 西安卫星测控中心; pinyin: Xī'ān wèixīng cèkòng zhōngxīn), also known as Base 26, is the primary satellite telemetry, tracking, and control facility of the People's Republic of China.[1] Located in the Beilin District of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, XSCC is subordinate to the Satellite Launch, Tracking, and Control Department of the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF).
History edit
The history of the Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center began in 1967 with the founding of the Satellite Ground Tracking Department (Chinese: 卫星地面测量部; pinyin: Wèixīng Dìmiàn Cèliáng Bù) in Qiaonan sub-district, Shaanxi on Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC, Base 20). On 24 April 1970, when the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched its first artificial satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, into orbit from JSLC, The Satellite Ground Tracking Department provided the "three grasps" (satellite tracking, telemetry, and control, TT&C) using the newly developed 7010 and Type 110 radars. Upgraded to a center in September 1975, as the PRC increased its testing of satellites, ICBMs, and SLBMs in the early 1980s and the TT&C network grew. The organization evolved into its current form in 1987, moving to Xi'an from Weinan.[2][3]
By the 1980s, China's TT&C network (Chinese: [航天测控网; pinyin: hángtiān cèkòng wǎng) consisted of two command and control (C2) centers: the Xi'an Satellite Control (XSCC) and Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (BACC), supported by six ground stations: Changchun, Lingshui, Kashgar, Nanning, Weinan, Xiamen, and a series of Yuan Wang-class tracking ships.[2]
The facility was established in Weinan as the "Satellite Survey Department" in 1967, and relocated to Xi'an in 1987.[4][5][6] Today, the XSCC comprises a mission control station in Xi'an and a set of tracking arrays located outside the city on a mountain plateau. The tracking station is equipped with antenna farms, masts, and communications dishes, while the mission control station is equipped with television screens, consoles, plotters, and high-speed computers that allow technicians to trace the orbital paths of all Chinese satellites in orbit.[4]
Organization edit
Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center is composed of the following, subordinate ground stations:[2]
- Changchun Station
- Kashgar Station
- Lingshui Station
- Menghai Station
- Minxi Station
- Nanning Station
- Qingdao Station
- Xiamen Station
- Weinan Station
- Xiangxi Station
- Zhanyi Station
The Changchun Satellite Tracking & Control Station (Chinese: 长春测控站; pinyin: Zhǎngchūn Cèkòng Zhàn), located outside of Changchun, Jilin Province, was established in 1968 and operates with the Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) Unit 63759. Outfitted with 154-IIB monopulse radar, may be a part of the Chinese Deep Space Network under the Jiamusi Satellite Tracking & Control Station.[2]
The Kashgar Station, MUCD 63783, in the west of Xinjiang Autonomous Region was established in 1968 under Base 26 until Xi Jinping's 2016 military reforms when the organization was moved under the newly created PLASSF.[2]
The Lingshui Control Station on Hainan was established in April 2008 and finds itself responsible for the tracking of Shijian satellites. A 40 meter radome was built in 2012.[2]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Base 26 Xian Satellite Monitor and Control Center (XSCC)". Federation of American Scientists. 19 June 1998. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Wood, Peter; Stone, Alex (March 2021). China's Ground Segment: Building the Pillars of a Great Space Power (PDF) (Report).
- ^ Wang, Xiaoyi (25 April 2016). "探访中国西安卫星测控中心：卫星"管家"铸"丰碑"" [Visiting China's Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center: Satellite "steward" casts "Monument"]. China News Network (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 20 February 2017.
- ^ a b Harvey, Brian (2013). China in Space: The Great Leap Forward. Springer. pp. 60–63. ISBN 978-1461450436.
- ^ Smith, I.C.; West, Nigel (2012). Historical Dictionary of Chinese Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0810873704.
- ^ Yunzhi, Zhang. "Xi'an Satellite Control Center and Orbit Dynamics Technology" (PDF). Retrieved 23 March 2014.
Further reading edit
- Chen, Ann (5 March 2010). "Secret Xi'an Satellite Control Center more than 40 years, 'Mu Star Road'" (in Chinese). Xinhua. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010.
- Yinlong, Zhang (1996). "Xi'an Satellite Control Center and China Satellite Telemetry, Tracking and Control Network". National Air Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014.