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White genocide conspiracy theory

This article is about the white nationalist conspiracy theory. For the article about the Armenian term, see White Genocide.

Anti-immigrant protesters in Calais hold a banner in French reading "Diversity is a code word for white genocide", November 8, 2015

The white genocide conspiracy theory is a neo-Nazi, alt-right, white nationalist/supremacist conspiracy theory,[1] which contends that any one of; mass immigration, racial integration, miscegenation, low fertility rates, abortion, governmental land-confiscation from whites, organised violence[2] or eliminationism are being promoted in either predominantly white countries, or supposedly white-founded countries, to deliberately replace, remove, or liquidate white populations;[3] dismantle white collective power,[4] turning them minority-white and hence causing white people to become extinct through forced assimilation[2] or violent genocide.[5]

The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-Nazi David Lane in about 1995. It is commonly used both interchangably with,[6] and as a broader and more extreme version of Renaud Camus's 2012 The Great Replacement conspiracy theory, which focuses on the white Christian population in France.[7][8] The phrase "Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white", coined by high-profile white nationalist Robert Whitaker, is commonly associated with the topic of white genocide.[9][10] It has appeared on billboards in the United States near Birmingham, Alabama[11] and in Harrison, Arkansas.[12] The conspiracy theory had already been purported in Nazi Germany by a pamphlet written for the "Research Department for the Jewish question" of Walter Frank's "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the White Nations Dying? The Future of the White and the Colored Nations in the Light of Biological Statistics".[13]

In August 2018, US President Donald Trump was accused[by whom?] of endorsing the conspiracy theory in a foreign policy tweet,[14] instructing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to investigate South African "land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers",[15][16] claiming that the "South African Government is now seizing land from white farmers".[17][18] The often critical narrative derived from farm attacks, and land reform, is an established subset theme of the broader conspiracy theory,[4] portrayed in media as a form of gateway issue to "white genocide" within the wider context of the Western world.[17] The topic in relation to South Africa and Zimbabwe, is also simply used interchangably with the subject,[19] as well as being used by white nationalists as a parabolic concept, or cautionary tale,[20] to justify policies to retain or increase white majorities in nation-states, or otherwise maintain their vision of white supremacy.[3]

Contents

Origins and development

Neo-Nazi origin

The explicit phrasing of "white genocide" first appeared sporadically in the neo-Nazi publications White Power[21] and WAR[22] in the 1970s and 1980s, where it primarily referred to contraception and abortion. The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-Nazi David Lane in his White Genocide Manifesto (c. 1995, origin of the later use of the term),[23][24][25][21] where he made the claim that the government policies of many Western countries had the intent of destroying white European culture and making white people an "extinct species".[26] Lane—a founding member of the organization The Order—criticized miscegenation, abortion, homosexuality, the legal repercussions against those who "resist genocide", and the "Zionist Occupation Government" that he said controls the United States and the other majority-white countries and which encourages "white genocide".[26]

Alt-right

In the 2000s, the conspiracy theory spread beyond its explicit neo-Nazi and white nationalist origins, to be embraced by the newer alt-right movement, becoming adopted as dog-whistling by some mainstream conservative political figures.

Anders Behring Breivik's entitled manifesto makes frequent mention of an alleged ongoing genocide against white Europeans.[26] In 2016, Donald Trump garnered controversy after retweeting Twitter user @WhiteGenocideTM,[27] and @EustaceFash, whose Twitter header image at the time also included the term "white genocide".[28] A 2016 analysis of his Twitter feed during the Republican presidential primaries showed that 62% of those that he chose to retweet in an average week followed multiple accounts which discussed the conspiracy theory, and 21% followed prominent white nationalists online.[29] Andrew Anglin of the neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer said that "it isn't statistically possible that two ['white genocide' tweets] back to back could be a random occurrence. It could only be deliberate [...] Today in America the air is cold and it tastes like victory."[28]

Discussion threads on the white nationalist Internet forum Stormfront often center around the theme of white people being subjected to genocidal policies by their governments.[26] The concept has also been popularized by the alt-right movement in the United States.[30][31] The 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia referenced the conspiracy theory as tiki torch-wielding protestors yelled "You will not replace us!" and "Jews will not replace us!".

The notion of racial purity, homogeneity, or "racial hygiene" is an underlying theme of the white genocide discourse and it has been used by people with neo-Nazi and white supremacist backgrounds.[32][33]

While individual iterations of the conspiracy theory vary on who is assigned blame, Jewish influence, people who hate whites,[32] and liberal political forces are commonly cited by white supremacists as being the main factors leading to a white genocide.[34][35][36][37] This view is held by prominent figures such as David Duke, who cites Jews and "liberal political ideals" as the main causes.[38][39] White nationalist Robert Whitaker, who coined the phrase "anti-racist is a code word for anti-white" in a widely circulated 2006 piece seeking to popularize the white genocide concept online, used "anti-White" to describe those he believed are responsible for the genocide of white people, and continued to view it as a Jewish conspiracy while emphasizing that others also supported the "anti-White" cause.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46]

However, the view that Jews are responsible for a white genocide is contested by other white supremacist figures, such as Jared Taylor.[47]

Critics

Critics of the conspiracy theory include:

South Africa

United States

  • Derek Black, an American former white supremacist and godson of David Duke, after initially supporting and helping to popularize the concept,[52][53] has renounced and opposed the white genocide conspiracy theory.[54] Black has claimed that the concept was about pushing white nationalists into a false and overt paranoia about demographics of the United States.[4]
  • Mika Brzezinski, an American newscaster, author and co-host of Morning Joe, has spoken out against the concept,[55] labelling it as a "a racist conspiracy theory".[56]
  • George Ciccariello-Maher, an American political scientist and former associate professor of politics and global studies at Drexel University, has strongly opposed the conspiracy theory, claiming that it is "invented by white supremacists and used to denounce everything from inter-racial relationships to multicultural policies".[57] Ciccariello-Maher has labelled the concept as a "figment of the racist imagination" and claimed that "it should be mocked".[58]
  • Chris Cuomo, an American television journalist, has spoken in opposition to the concept, stating that "like all conspiracy tripe, there's a kernel of truth" to the theory, in relation to land reform in South Africa. He has however generally described the conspiracy theory as a "bogus cause that white nationalists are selling".[59][60]
  • Patrick Gaspard, a Congolese-American politician and former U.S. Ambassador to South Africa, has opposed the concept, claiming the conspiracy theory is "trafficking in a white supremacist story line",[61] and that it is a "white-supremacist meme from the darkest place".[16]
  • Eli Saslow, an American journalist, has spoken against the conspiracy theory, labelling it as a "really effective" form of propaganda or indoctrination. He stated that "unfortunately, in part because it's built upon a very real and dark truth in American history — which is that white supremacy has always been a big part of what this country is — white nationalists were able to start capitalizing on that".[62] Saslow has claimed the conspiracy theory is a way to "sanitize" white America's history of racism and violence, by focusing on the "ways that white people are under attack in this country", including "white genocide" and "building a wall".[53]
  • Al Sharpton, an American civil rights activist, Baptist minister and talk show host, has opposed the conspiracy theory, labelling it as "neo-Nazi propaganda". Discussing the issue on an MSNBC segment with Katy Tur and foreign correspondent Greg Myre, he stated that it's "not true" that "white farmers are being killed in South Africa" for racial reasons.[63][64]
  • Tim Wise, an American anti-racism activist and writer, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, stating that it is a form of negrophobia that is being directed politcally to "scare white Americans" about non-whites within the U.S.[65] Wise has claimed that paranoia around the concept dates back to the Haitian Revolution and North American slave rebellions, but that changing demographics of the United States have heightened existing anxiety, stating that "the reason it is amplified today is that in the recent past the cultural norm of the country was still dominantly white".[66]

Countries with discourse

France

See also: The Great Replacement conspiracy theory and The Camp of the Saints

Figures on the right of French politics, such as Renaud Camus, have claimed that a 'white genocide' or "Great Replacement" is occuring in France.[67] Camus's definition, which focuses largely on the white Christian population in France, has been used in media interchangably with white genocide,[68][6] and described as a narrower, less extreme and more nationally focused version of the broader conspiracy theory.[7][8] Despite his focus on the specific demographics of France, Camus also believes all Western countries are facing a form of "ethnic and civilizational substitution".[69]

South Africa

See also: South African farm attacks and Land reform in South Africa

Far-right and alt-right figures, such as singer Steve Hofmeyr, have claimed that a "white genocide" is taking place in South Africa.[70] The manifesto of far-right terrorist Anders Behring Breivik entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence devotes an entire section to an alleged "genocide" against Afrikaners. It also contains several other references to alleged persecution of whites in South Africa and the attacks on white farmers.[70] Mike Cernovich, an American alt-right commentator, has previously stated that "white genocide in South Africa is real."[71] The survivalist group the Suidlanders has claimed credit for publicizing the issue internationally.[72]

Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch has condemned the misuse of his groups's reports of the threat of polarization in South Africa to further a the idea of "white genocide".[73]

Africa Check, a fact-checking organisation, has rejected these claims as false: "In fact, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other race group." Africa Check reported that while whites account for nearly 9% of the South African population they represent just 1.8% of murder victims. Lizette Lancaster from the Institute for Security Studies has said that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts."[74][75][76]

United States

On August 23, 2018, US President Donald Trump brought the concept of "white genocide" in relation to South Africa significantly further into mainstream media discourse, after he publicly instructed Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to investigate South African farm attacks,[15] an instruction which was broadly portrayed in media as the Trump and his administration advocating for an unfounded conspiracy theory.[19][77][78][79] Trump had apparently gotten his information from a Tucker Carlson segment on Fox News.[80] New York magazine had claimed Trump was attempting to "change the conversation — to one about “white genocide” in South Africa",[17] Esquire reported that the "President of the United States is now openly promoting an international racist conspiracy theory as the official foreign policy of the United States".[18] According to the SPLC, Trump had "tweeted out his intention to put the full force of the U.S. State Department behind a white nationalist conspiracy theory".[81]

Causing "angry reaction in South Africa", many politicians and public figures responded critically to Trump. These included multiple members of the South African Parliament and RSA Deputy President David Mabuza. Julius Malema MP responded to the US President directly, declaring "there is no white genocide in South Africa",[82] and that US President's intervention into their ongoing land reform issues "only made them more determined... to expropriate our land without compensation".[49][83] Jeremy Cronin MP stated that the South African government needed to "send a signal to the courts‚ to Trump‚ to Fox News Agency" over the issue,[48] whereas Lindiwe Sisulu claimed that his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information".[51]

In the U.S., former US Ambassador to South Africa Patrick Gaspard, and American media personalities Chris Cuomo and Al Sharpton spoke out against the US President on the issue. Gaspard labelled Trump's actions as "dangerous and poisoned",[16] while Cuomo stated that Trump was bogusly claiming "white farmers" were "being hunted down and killed and having their land stolen".[60] Trump had previously caused controversy around the topic as a presidential candidate in 2016, when he republished content from a social media account named "WhiteGenocideTM".[84][85]

See also

References

  1. ^
    • Wilson, Andrew Fergus (16 February 2018). "#whitegenocide, the alt-right and conspiracy theory: How secrecy and suspicion contributed to the mainstreaming of hate". Secrecy & Society.
    • Kelly, Annie (15 August 2017). "The alt-right: reactionary rehabilitation for white masculinity". Soundings. 66 (66): 68–78. doi:10.3898/136266217821733688.
    • Thompson, Kevin C. (April 2001). "WATCHING THE STORMFRONT: White Nationalists and the Building of Community in Cyberspace". Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice. 45 (1): 32–52. JSTOR 23169989.
  2. ^ a b "The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b Wilson, Jason (2018-08-24). "White farmers: how a far-right idea was planted in Donald Trump's mind". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  4. ^ a b c "Donald Trump's "white genocide" rhetoric: A dangerous escalation of racism". Salon (magazine). August 27, 2018.
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  6. ^ a b "Day of the trope: White nationalist memes thrive on Reddit's r/The_Donald". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 19, 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Why the alt-right want to call Australia home". Overland (magazine). July 18, 2018.
  8. ^ a b "Meet the Snowflakes Who Are the New Face of Race Hate". Vice Media. March 12, 2018.
  9. ^ "Billboard from 'white genocide' group goes up in Ala". Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  10. ^ "Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new". Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  11. ^ Underwood, Madison (30 June 2014). "Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new". AL.com. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  12. ^ Byng, Rhonesha (7 November 2013). "Arkansas Town Responds To Controversial 'Anti-Racist Is A Code Word For Anti-White' Sign". Huffington Post. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  13. ^ Dr. Friedrich Burgdörfer: "Sterben die weißen Völker? Die Zukunft der weißen und farbigen Völker im Lichte der biologischen Statistik", Munich, Callwey, 1934, 88 pages.
  14. ^ U.S. President Donald Trump's White genocide conspiracy theory tweet, "I have asked Secretary of State @SecPompeo to closely study the South Africa land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers. South African Government is now seizing land from white farmers @TuckerCarlson @FoxNews" https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1032454567152246785
  15. ^ a b "South Africa blasts Trump over racially divisive tweet". The Washington Post. 23 August 2018.
  16. ^ a b c d e "'Dangerous and poisoned': Critics blast Trump for endorsing white nationalist conspiracy theory on South Africa". The Washington Post. 23 August 2018.
  17. ^ a b c "Trump Echoes Neo-Nazi Propaganda About South Africa (That He Heard on Fox News)". New York (magazine). August 23, 2018.
  18. ^ a b "No One Should Need a Tape of Him Using a Racial Slur". Esquire (magazine). August 23, 2018.
  19. ^ a b "Trump under fire for claim of 'large scale killing' of white farmers in South Africa". NBC News. August 23, 2018.
  20. ^ "Trump's tweet echoing white nationalist propaganda about South African farmers, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  21. ^ a b "Fear of White Genocide | Kevan A. Feshami". Lapham's Quarterly. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  22. ^ Novick, Michael (1995). White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence. Common Courage Press. p. 155. ISBN 9781567510508.
  23. ^ Berger, J.M. "How 'The Turner Diaries' Changed White Nationalism". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-11-24. The manifesto itself was soon reduced to the simple phrase 'white genocide,' which proliferated at the start of the 21st century and has become the overwhelmingly dominant meme of modern white nationalism.
  24. ^ Dessem, Matthew (2016-12-26). "Drexel University, Apparently Unfamiliar With White Supremacist Lingo, Censures Prof For 'White Genocide' Tweet". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2017-11-24. Although it's difficult to date precisely, white supremacist publishing houses being somewhat less reliable than Simon & Schuster, that honor probably belongs to the late David Lane, terrorist, white supremacist, and author of an execrable little essay called 'White Genocide Manifesto.' 
  25. ^ Stack, Liam (2017-08-15). "Alt-Right, Alt-Left, Antifa: A Glossary of Extremist Language". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  26. ^ a b c d Jackson, Paul (1 May 2015). "'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideological value of evoking existential conflicts". In Cathie Carmichael, Richard C. Maguire. The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. pp. 207–226. ISBN 9781317514848.
  27. ^ CNN, Tal Kopan (January 22, 2016). "Donald Trump retweets 'White Genocide' Twitter user". CNN. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  28. ^ a b Kharakh, Ben; Primack, Dan (March 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists". Fortune. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  29. ^ Staufenberg, Jess (January 28, 2016). "Turns out Donald Trump 'mostly' retweets white supremacist sympathisers". The Independent. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  30. ^ "Alt Right: A Primer about the New White Supremacy". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  31. ^ Roy, Jessica (2016-11-16). "'Cuck,' 'snowflake,' 'masculinist': A guide to the language of the 'alt-right'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  32. ^ a b Carmichael, Cathie; Maguire, Richard (1 May 2015). The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-317-51484-8.
  33. ^ Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2011). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 27. Retrieved 10 August 2015. Race categories are organized hierarchically to reflect differences that are inherent in the essence of these categories. These differences justify and underlie the hostility that is expressed toward inferior groups. This hostility further fuels the drive for racial purity. "Race-mixing" is treated as genocide and is understood to be the goal of all non-whites.
  34. ^ Kivisto, Peter; Rundblad, Georganne (2000). Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices. SAGE Knowledge. pp. 57–60. ISBN 9780761986485. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  35. ^ King, Richard; Leonard, David. Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture. Ashgate Publishing. p. 100."Jesse Daniels argues that white nationalists discursively link Jews and their purported promotion of race mixing through their control of the media with their goal to commit "the genocide of the white race""
  36. ^ Ferber, Abby (1999). White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 124."According to White Power article entitled "Jews Planning White Genocide," "world Jewry's chilling Final Solution [is] the physical and spiritual genocide of the White race they despise"
  37. ^ Jackson, Paul (1 May 2015). "'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideological value of evoking existential conflicts". In Cathie Carmichael, Richard C. Maguire. The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. pp. 207–226. ISBN 9781317514848. Retrieved 17.07.2015
  38. ^ Bridges, Tyler (1994). The Rise of David Duke. Univ. Press of Mississippi,. p. 23. "Duke believed Jews were engaged in a conspiracy to weaken the white race by using the media to promote integration and race mixing... race mixing, Duke believed, meant white genocide"
  39. ^ Jackson, Paul (1 May 2015). "'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideologcal value of evoking existential conflicts" p. 212 In Cathie Carmichael, Richard C. Maguire. The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. pp. 207–226. ISBN 9781317514848. Retrieved 17.07.2015 "Duke's current website hosts a variety of essays that develop the idea that white people are being subjected to a genocide. Again we see a key linkage here between raising the idea of a white genocide and decrying liberal political ideals. In one such essay, 'The Genocide of the White Race is Promoted by Liberals', the point is set out as follows:...The actions being taken by liberal governments to force non-White into every White nation will eventually eliminate the White race itself"
  40. ^ Robert/Bob Whitaker (2015): Bob's Reply to NY Times Op-Ed Article. Whitakeronline.org/blog. Retrieved: 15.07.2015
  41. ^ Whittaker, Bob. "Repeat: Hatred is for Traitors". Whitakeronline.org. Retrieved 15 July 2015."A Jew is effectively in uniform. He is a Jew and he would therefore be very happy if all the white Goyim disappeared from the earth. The only problem is that white gentiles refuse to understand that every word Jews utter about white gentiles is a demand for our end, our genocide, our termination"
  42. ^ Robert/Bob Whitaker (2015): WHITE SELF-HATRED IS SICK!!!. Whitakeronline.org/blog. Retrieved: 15.07.2015.
  43. ^ "Spencer Quinn, "Robert Whitaker Remembered" | Counter-Currents Publishing". Counter-Currents Publishing. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
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  46. ^ Berger, J.M. (2016-09-16). "How 'The Turner Diaries' Changed White Nationalism". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  47. ^ Arnold, Kathleen (2011). Anti-Immigration in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 508. ISBN 9780313375217. Unlike many other white supremacists, Taylor is not anti-Semitic, and in fact encourages Jews to join his fight...however many within the white supremacist/anti-immigration movement disagree with Taylor, most notably David Duke, and he has been under tremendous pressure to break ties with the Jewish community. Taylor, at least for now, has refused to submit to this pressure and continues to work with Jews to further his platform.
  48. ^ a b "Expropriation Bill to be redrafted to accommodate expropriation without compensation". The Times (South Africa). 28 August 2018.
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  51. ^ a b "Trump Cites False Claims of Widespread Attacks on White Farmers in South Africa". New York Times. 23 August 2018.
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  53. ^ a b "How Higher Education Helped Derek Black Renounce White Supremacy". NEA Today. September 19, 2018.
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  57. ^ "'All I want for Christmas is white genocide': Professor receives death threats after mocking supremacists". The Independent. 27 December 2016.
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  66. ^ "Author and activist Tim Wise: "The Republican Party is a white identity cult"". Salon (magazine). September 5, 2018.
  67. ^ Eirikur Bergmann: "Conspiracy & Populism: The Politics of Misinformation", 2018, Chapter: The Eurabia Doctrine, Page: 127.
  68. ^ "The Enoch Powell Question". The American Conservative. March 8, 2018.
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  70. ^ a b Villet, Charles (23 February 2017). "Donald Trump, white victimhood and the South African far-right". The Conversation. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  71. ^ "Trump's Alt-Right coming to SA - IOL News".
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  73. ^ ""White Genocide" is Not Underway in South Africa". genocidewatch.net. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
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  79. ^ "Trump Is Using a White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory to Inform Policy". Rolling Stone. August 23, 2018.
  80. ^ Schulberg, Jessica (August 23, 2018). "Trump Boosted A White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory He Saw On Fox News". Huffington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  81. ^ "President Trump is stoking white nationalism, exploiting racist fear". Southern Poverty Law Center. August 23, 2018.
  82. ^ "Donald Trump's land seizures tweet draws angry reaction in South Africa". The Guardian. August 23, 2018.
  83. ^ "'Dangerous and poisoned': Critics blast Trump for endorsing white nationalist conspiracy theory on South Africa". The Washington Post. 23 August 2018.
  84. ^ "Donald Trump retweets 'White Genocide' Twitter user". CNN. January 22, 2016.
  85. ^ "Donald Trump Retweets Apparent Neo-Nazi Supporter". NBC News. January 22, 2016.
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