Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

Men's water polo
at the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad
Tournament details
Host country	Greece
City	Athens
Venue(s)	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre
Dates	15–29 August 2004
Teams	12 (from 5 confederations)
Competitors	154
Final positions
Champions	Hungary (8th title)
Runners-up	Serbia and Montenegro
Third place	Russia
Fourth place	Greece
Tournament statistics
Matches	44
Multiple; appearances	5-time Olympian(s): 2; 4-time Olympian(s): 8
Multiple; medalists	3-time medalist(s): 2
Top scorer(s)	Aleksandar Šapić; (18 goals in 8 matches)
Most saves	Nikolay Maksimov; (62 saves in 8 matches)
Top sprinter(s)	Pietro Figlioli; (24 sprints won in 8 matches)
MVP	Gergely Kiss
	← 2000 2008 →

38°2′13.5″N 23°47′2.9″E / 38.037083°N 23.784139°E / 38.037083; 23.784139

The men's tournament of water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics at Athens, Greece, began on August 15 and lasted until August 29, 2004.^[1]

Squads edit

Preliminary round edit

All times are Eastern European Time (UTC+3)

Group A edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Hungary	5	5	0	44	27	+17	10	Qualified for the semifinals
2	Serbia and Montenegro	5	4	1	37	26	+11	8	Qualified for the quarterfinals
3	Russia	5	3	2	32	28	+4	6	Qualified for the quarterfinals
4	United States	5	2	3	32	37	−5	4
5	Croatia	5	1	4	35	41	−6	2
6	Kazakhstan	5	0	5	21	42	−21	0

Source: ^{[citation needed]}

15 August 2004 16:30	[1]	Russia	5–2	Kazakhstan	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Koratochvil (SVK), Koryzna (POL)
		Score by quarters: 0-0, 1-0, 2-1, 2-1
		Chomakhidze, Gorshkov 2	Goals	2 players with 1

15 August 2004 10:45	[2]	Serbia and Montenegro	4–6	Hungary	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Borrell (ESP), Petronilli (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 1-0, 2-3, 1-0, 0-3
		Trbojević 2	Goals	Kiss 2

15 August 2004 22:15	[3]	Croatia	6–7	United States	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tulga (TUR), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 0-0, 0-3, 2-1, 4-3
		Štritof 3	Goals	Azevedo 3

17 August 2004 16:30	[4]	Kazakhstan	6–9	United States	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Patelli (BRA), Bock (GER)
		Score by quarters: 1-1, 3-4, 0-1, 2-3
		Drozdov 3	Goals	Wigo 4

17 August 2004 17:45	[5]	Russia	3–4	Serbia and Montenegro	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tulga (TUR), Petronilli (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 1-1, 1-1, 0-1, 1-1
		3 players with 1	Goals	Trbojević 2

17 August 2004 22:15	[6]	Hungary	10–8	Croatia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Borrell (ESP), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 1-0, 4-2, 4-4, 1-2
		Kásás, Biros 3	Goals	Burić, Štritof 2

19 August 2004 09:30	[7]	Serbia and Montenegro	9–5	Kazakhstan	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Legare (CAN), Sayed Mahmoud (EGY)
		Score by quarters: 3-1, 2-1, 1-1, 3-2
		Šapić 3	Goals	Zhilyayev 3

19 August 2004 10:45	[8]	United States	5–7	Hungary	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Margeta (SLO), Tulga (TUR)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 2-3, 0-1, 1-1
		Azevedo 2	Goals	Varga, Madaras 2

19 August 2004 22:15	[9]	Croatia	8–9	Russia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Stavropoulos (GRE), Kratochvil (SVK)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 2-3, 1-1, 3-3
		Franković, Fatović 2	Goals	Zinnourov 2

21 August 2004 09:30	[10]	Kazakhstan	4–14	Hungary	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Koryzna (POL), Patelli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 1-3, 0-4, 2-4, 1-3
		4 players with 1	Goals	Kásás, Kiss 3

21 August 2004 21:00	[11]	Serbia and Montenegro	11–8	Croatia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Petronilli (ITA), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 2-1, 4-2, 3-3, 2-2
		Šapić 5	Goals	3 players with 2

21 August 2004 22:15	[12]	Russia	9–7	United States	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Borrell (ESP), Bock (GER)
		Score by quarters: 3-1, 3-3, 2-0, 1-3
		Eryshov, Chomakhidze 3	Goals	Beaubien, Azevedo 2

23 August 2004 10:45	[13]	Croatia	5–4	Kazakhstan	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Matache (ROU), Rezek (CZE)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 2-0, 0-0, 1-2
		Smodlaka 2	Goals	4 players with 1

23 August 2004 18:15	[14]	Russia	6–7	Hungary	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Margeta (SLO), Stavropoulos (GRE)
		Score by quarters: 1-2, 1-1, 1-3, 3-1
		Eryshov, Garbuzov 2	Goals	Kiss 2

23 August 2004 21:00	[15]	United States	4–9	Serbia and Montenegro	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tulga (TUR), Borrell (ESP)
		Score by quarters: 1-2, 1-2, 1-3, 1-2
		4 players with 1	Goals	Šapić 3

Group B edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Greece	5	4	0	1	43	27	+16	8	Qualified for the semifinals
2	Germany	5	3	1	1	40	28	+12	7	Qualified for the quarterfinals
3	Spain	5	3	0	2	35	31	+4	6	Qualified for the quarterfinals
4	Italy	5	3	0	2	39	24	+15	6
5	Australia	5	1	1	3	37	35	+2	4
6	Egypt	5	0	0	5	18	67	−49	0

Source: ^{[citation needed]}

15 August 2004 09:30	[16]	Egypt	3–14	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Kiszelly (HUN), Valcarce (ARG)
		Score by quarters: 1-3, 0-5, 1-4, 1-2
		3 players with 1	Goals	Miller 3

15 August 2004 17:45	[17]	Italy	4–5	Spain	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Margeta (SLO), Tomic (CRO)
		Score by quarters: 1-2, 1-3, 0-0, 2-0
		4 players with 1	Goals	5 players with 1

15 August 2004 21:00	[18]	Germany	5–4	Greece	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Brguljan (SCG), Afanasiev (RUS)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 0-1, 2-1, 1-0
		5 players with 1	Goals	4 players with 1

17 August 2004 09:30	[19]	Australia	4–8	Italy	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tomic (CRO), Chaney (USA)
		Score by quarters: 1-1, 2-2, 0-3, 1-2
		Whalan 2	Goals	Postiglione 3

17 August 2004 10:45	[20]	Germany	13–3	Egypt	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Rezek (CZE), Pinker (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 4-0, 5-0, 2-0, 2-3
		Politze 5	Goals	3 players with 1

17 August 2004 21:00	[21]	Greece	8–5	Spain	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Kratochvil (SVK), Margeta (SLO)
		Score by quarters: 2-1, 4-1, 1-2, 1-1
		Chatzitheodorou, Schizas 2	Goals	Five players with 1

19 August 2004 16:30	[22]	Spain	8–4	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Balfanbayev (KAZ), Tomic (CRO)
		Score by quarters: 2-1, 3-1, 1-1, 2-1
		3 players with 2	Goals	4 players with 1

19 August 2004 17:45	[23]	Italy	10–5	Germany	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Brguljan (SCG), Afanasiev (RUS)
		Score by quarters: 2-0, 1-2, 3-2, 4-1
		Postiglione 4	Goals	Nossek 3

19 August 2004 21:00	[24]	Egypt	4–15	Greece	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Matache (ROU), Zhong (CHN)
		Score by quarters: 0-5, 0-2, 2-3, 2-5
		4 players with 1	Goals	Thomakos 5

21 August 2004 10:45	[25]	Egypt	4–13	Italy	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Rezek (CZE), Pinker (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 1-3, 1-0, 2-5, 0-5
		El-Sammany 2	Goals	Calcaterra, Angelini 3

21 August 2004 16:30	[26]	Germany	11–5	Spain	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tulga (TUR), Brguljan (SCG)
		Score by quarters: 3-2, 2-0, 4-3, 2-0
		Wollthan 3	Goals	5 players with 1

21 August 2004 17:45	[27]	Greece	10–9	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Balfanbayev (KAZ), Kiszelly (HUN)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 3-2, 3-2, 2-3
		Chatzitheodorou 3	Goals	3 players with 2

23 August 2004 09:30	[28]	Germany	6–6	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Kratochvil (SVK), Brguljan (SCG)
		Score by quarters: 1-3, 2-1, 1-0, 2-2
		Politze, Nossek 2	Goals	Woods 3

23 August 2004 17:00	[29]	Spain	12–4	Egypt	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Valcarce (ARG), Zhong (CHN)
		Score by quarters: 4-1, 3-0, 2-1, 3-2
		Hernández, Gómez 3	Goals	El-Helw 2

23 August 2004 22:15	[30]	Greece	6–4	Italy	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Balfanbayev (KAZ), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 1-0, 1-2, 2-1, 2-1
		6 players with 1	Goals	Bencivenga 2

Medal round bracket edit

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Gold medal

A1

Hungary

7

B2

Germany

5

A3

Russia

5

A3

Russia

12

Hungary

8

Serbia and Montenegro

7

B1

Greece

3

A2

Serbia and Montenegro

7

A2

Serbia and Montenegro

7

B3

Spain

5

5th & 6th

Bronze medal

5

Germany

6

Russia

6

Spain

5

4

Greece

5


9th–12th			7th–10th			7th & 8th



			A4	United States	6

B5	Australia	10	B5	Australia	5

A6	Kazakhstan	5				8	United States	9

						7	Italy	8

			B4	Italy	11

A5	Croatia	12	A5	Croatia	7

B6	Egypt	1

			11th & 12th			9th & 10th



			11	Kazakhstan	15	9	Australia	8

			12	Egypt	7	10	Croatia	7

Classification 7th-12th edit

25 August 2004 09:30	[31]	Kazakhstan	5–10	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Matache (ROU), Patelli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 1-4, 1-3, 1-1
		Elke 2	Goals	Figlioli, Thomas 2

25 August 2004 10:45	[32]	Croatia	12–1	Egypt	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Zhong (CHN), Pinker (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 4-0, 2-0, 4-0, 2-1
		Burić 3	Goals	Rezk 1

Quarterfinals edit

25 August 2004 17:00	[33]	Russia	12–5	Germany	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Petronilli (ITA), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 2-1, 2-1, 5-0, 3-3
		3 players with 3	Goals	5 players with 1

25 August 2004 18:15	[34]	Serbia and Montenegro	7–5	Spain	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Tulga (TUR), Chaney (USA)
		Score by quarters: 3-2, 2-0, 0-2, 2-1
		Šapić 3	Goals	5 players with 1

Classification 11th-12th edit

27 August 2004 09:30	[35]	Kazakhstan	15–7	Egypt	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Rezek (CZE), Patelli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 6-0, 1-2, 5-3, 3-2
		Zaitsev 7	Goals	Mashhour, Khalil 2

Classification 7th-10th edit

27 August 2004 10:45	[36]	United States	6–5	Australia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Matache (ROU), Legare (CAN)
		Score by quarters: 2-0, 1-1, 2-2, 1-2
		Azevedo 3	Goals	Figlioli 3

27 August 2004 17:00	[37]	Italy	11–7	Croatia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Afanasiev (RUS), Koryzna (POL)
		Score by quarters: 2-1, 3-4, 1-1, 5-1
		Bencivenga 3	Goals	Franković 3

Semifinals edit

27 August 2004 18:15	[38]	Hungary	7–5	Russia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Chaney (USA), Bock (GER)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 3-3, 2-0, 0-0
		Kásás 3	Goals	Garbuzov 2

27 August 2004 21:00	[39]	Greece	3–7	Serbia and Montenegro	Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Petronilli (ITA), Tulga (TUR)
		Score by quarters: 1-2, 1-3, 1-1, 0-1
		Three players with 1	Goals	Jokić 2

9th place match edit

29 August 2004 09:30	[40]	Australia	8–7	Croatia	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Kiszelly (HUN), Sayed Mahmoud (EGY)
		Score by quarters: 2-0, 3-4, 1-1, 2-2
		Whalan 5	Goals	Franković 3

7th place match edit

29 August 2004 10:45	[41]	United States	9–8	Italy	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Afanasiev (RUS), Margeta (SLO)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 2-0, 2-3, 3-3
		Azevedo, Smith 3	Goals	Angelini 3

5th place match edit

29 August 2004 12:00	[42]	Germany	6–4	Spain	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Stavropoulos (GRE), Bookelman (NED)
		Score by quarters: 2-2, 3-1, 0-0, 1-1
		Nossek 2	Goals	Hernández 2

Bronze-medal match edit

29 August 2004 16:00	[43]	Russia	6–5	Greece	Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Borrell (ESP), Brguljan (SCG)
		Score by quarters: 1-1, 3–1, 1–2, 1–1
		Tchomakhidze 4	Goals	Afroudakis 3

Gold-medal match edit

29 August 2004 17:30	[44]	Hungary	8–7	Serbia and Montenegro	Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre Referees: Balfanbayev (KAZ), Petronilli (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 2-3, 3-2, 0-2, 3-0
		Kiss 4	Goals	Šapić 2

Ranking and statistics edit

Final rankings edit

Rank^[1]	Team
	Hungary
	Serbia and Montenegro
	Russia
4.	Greece
5.	Germany
6.	Spain
7.	United States
8.	Italy
9.	Australia
10.	Croatia
11.	Kazakhstan
12.	Egypt

2004 Men's Olympic champions
Hungary Eighth title

Multi-time Olympians edit

Five-time Olympian(s): 2 players

Spain: Salvador Gómez,^[2] Jesús Rollán (GK)^[3]

Four-time Olympian(s): 8 players

Croatia: Dubravko Šimenc^[4]
Greece: Konstantinos Loudis^[5]
Hungary: Tibor Benedek^[6]
Italy: Carlo Silipo^[7]
Russia: Dmitry Gorshkov,^[8] Nikolay Kozlov^[9]
Spain: Daniel Ballart,^[10] Sergi Pedrerol^[11]

Multiple medalists edit

Three-time Olympic medalist(s): 2 players

Russia: Dmitry Gorshkov,^[8] Nikolay Kozlov^[9]

Leading goalscorers edit

Rank	Player	Team	Goals	Matches played	Goals per match	Shots	%
1	Aleksandar Šapić	Serbia and Montenegro	18	8	2.250	54	33.3%
2	Tony Azevedo	United States	15	7	2.143	31	48.4%
2	Revaz Chomakhidze	Russia	15	8	1.875	25	60.0%
4	Tamás Kásás	Hungary	14	7	2.000	30	46.7%
	Gergely Kiss	Hungary		7	2.000	31	45.2%
	Thomas Whalan	Australia		8	1.750	36	38.9%
7	Nikola Franković	Croatia	12	8	1.500	27	44.4%
	Heiko Nossek	Germany		7	1.714	28	42.9%
	Marc Politze	Germany		7	1.714	33	36.4%
10	Alberto Angelini	Italy	11	7	1.571	32	34.4%
	Elvis Fatović	Croatia		8	1.375	26	42.3%
	Ratko Štritof	Croatia		8	1.375	32	34.4%
	Ivan Zaitsev	Kazakhstan		7	1.571	22	50.0%

Source: Official Results Book (page 184)^[12]^[13]

Leading goalkeepers edit

Rank	Goalkeeper	Team	Saves	Matches played	Saves per match	Shots	%
1	Nikolay Maksimov	Russia	62	8	7.750	104	59.6%
2	Denis Šefik	Serbia and Montenegro	60	8	7.500	102	58.8%
3	Brandon Brooks	United States	58	7	8.286	108	53.7%
4	James Stanton	Australia	57	8	7.125	108	52.8%
5	Alexandr Shvedov	Kazakhstan	54	7	7.714	111	48.6%
6	Ángel Andreo	Spain	50	7	7.143	92	54.3%
6	Stefano Tempesti	Italy	50	7	7.143	86	58.1%
8	Amr Mohamed	Egypt	41	7	5.857	135	30.4%
8	Frano Vićan	Croatia	41	8	5.125	81	50.6%
10	Zoltán Szécsi	Hungary	40	7	5.714	75	53.3%

Source: Official Results Book (page 180)^[12]^[13]

Leading sprinters edit

Rank	Sprinter	Team	Sprints won	Matches played	Sprints won per match	Sprints contested	%
1	Pietro Figlioli	Australia	24	8	3.000	27	88.9%
2	Sergey Garbuzov	Russia	20	8	2.500	21	95.2%
3	Tobias Kreuzmann	Germany	17	7	2.429	22	77.3%
4	Goran Fiorentini	Italy	15	7	2.143	22	68.2%
5	Aleksandar Ćirić	Serbia and Montenegro	14	8	1.750	20	70.0%
6	Tihomil Vranješ	Croatia	9	8	1.125	24	37.5%
7	Tamás Kásás	Hungary	7	7	1.000	9	77.8%
8	Christos Afroudakis	Greece	6	7	0.857	15	40.0%
8	Tony Azevedo	United States	6	7	0.857	10	60.0%

Source: Official Results Book (page 183)^[12]^[13]

Awards edit

The men's all-star team was announced on 29 August 2004.^[14]

Most Valuable Player

Gergely Kiss (left-handed, 14 goals)

Media All-Star Team

Goalkeeper
- Denis Šefik (60 saves)
Field players
- Theodoros Chatzitheodorou (8 goals)
- Revaz Chomakhidze (centre forward, 15 goals)
- Tamás Kásás (14 goals, 7 sprints won)
- Gergely Kiss (left-handed, 14 goals)
- Aleksandar Šapić (18 goals)
- Vladimir Vujasinović (centre back, 3 goals)

References edit

^ ^a ^b "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
^ "Salvador Gómez". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Jesús Rollán". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Dubravko Šimenc". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Konstantinos Loudis". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Tibor Benedek". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Carlo Silipo". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Dmitry Gorshkov". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Nikolay Kozlov". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Daniel Ballart". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Sergi Pedrerol". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Official Results Book – 2004 Olympic Games – Water Polo" (PDF). la84.org. LA84 Foundation. 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Official Results Book – 2004 Olympic Games – Water Polo (Download)" (PDF). la84.org. LA84 Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^ "Men's and Womens MVPs and All-Tourney Teams Announced". swimmingworldmagazine.com. Swimming World. 29 August 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

Sources edit

PDF documents in the LA84 Foundation Digital Library:
- Official Results Book – 2004 Olympic Games – Water Polo (download, archive)
Water polo on the Olympedia website
- Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo on the Sports Reference website
- Water polo at the 2004 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)

External links edit

[HistoFINA_PDF-1] "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.

[Salvador_Gómez_OP-2] "Salvador Gómez". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Jesús_Rollán_OP-3] "Jesús Rollán". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Dubravko_Šimenc_OP-4] "Dubravko Šimenc". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Konstantinos_Loudis_OP-5] "Konstantinos Loudis". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Tibor_Benedek_OP-6] "Tibor Benedek". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Carlo_Silipo_OP-7] "Carlo Silipo". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Dmitry_Gorshkov_OP-8] "Dmitry Gorshkov". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Nikolay_Kozlov_OP-9] "Nikolay Kozlov". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Daniel_Ballart_OP-10] "Daniel Ballart". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[Sergi_Pedrerol_OP-11] "Sergi Pedrerol". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[2004OG_ORBook-12] "Official Results Book – 2004 Olympic Games – Water Polo" (PDF). la84.org. LA84 Foundation. 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

[2004OG_ORBook_PDF-13] "Official Results Book – 2004 Olympic Games – Water Polo (Download)" (PDF). la84.org. LA84 Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

[All-star_team_2004_SWM-14] "Men's and Womens MVPs and All-Tourney Teams Announced". swimmingworldmagazine.com. Swimming World. 29 August 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

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