Wallace Nathan Emmer (November 18, 1917 – February 15, 1945) was a United States Army Air Force fighter ace who was credited with shooting down 14 aircraft during World War II. He was also one of the first pilots to fly a combat mission in the P-51 Mustang.[1][2]
Wallace Nathan Emmer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Wally Bud |
| Born | November 18, 1917 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Died | February 15, 1945 (aged 27) Wetzlar, Nazi Germany |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/ | United States Army Air Forces |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | 354th Fighter Group |
| Commands held | 353rd Fighter Squadron |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Cross Silver Star Distinguished Flying Cross (3) Purple Heart Air Medal (25) |
Early life edit
Emmer was born on November 18, 1917, to Vivien and Blanche Nathan Emmer, in Omaha. His family was Jewish. He grew up with a younger brother, Raymond, in St Louis, Missouri.[3][4]
Military career edit
Emmer enlisted in the U.S. Army Reserve in 1941. He joined the Aviation Cadet Program of the U.S. Army Air Forces in January 1942, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant and awarded his pilot wings at Luke Field, Arizona, on September 29, 1942. He became a Pilot Officer at Luke Field, on September 29, 1942. Emmer served with the 20th Fighter Group at Paine Field, Washington, from September 1942 to January 1943. He was then assigned as a P-39 Airacobra pilot with the 353rd Fighter Squadron of the 354th Fighter Group in the U.S. from January to November 1943.[5][1]
World War II edit
The 354th FG was deployed to England in November 1943 where they became the first American unit to operate the P-51. The unit was initially stationed at RAF Greenham Common in Berkshire, before moving to RAF Boxted in Colchester on November 13, 1944. Emmer flew his first combat mission on the P-51B Mustang over Europe on December 1, 1943. He was promoted to Captain on January 15, 1944. Emmer named his P-51 Mustang 'Peaceful Penguin' because he had so many mechanical troubles with his P-51.[6]
Emmer scored his first aerial victory on February 20, 1944, when he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 109 over Oschersleben. He scored his second and third aerial victories on March 16. On April 17, the 354th moved to RAF Lashenden. Emmer finally became a flying ace when he shot down two Bf 109s over Pölitz on May 13. On May 28, Emmer shot down three enemy aircraft over Neuhaldensleben[7][8]
Following the invasion of Normandy on June 6, the 354th FG moved to Cricqueville Airfield, an Advanced Landing Ground in the Normandy region of northern France. On July 26, Emmer's flight was attacked by a group of 35 Bf 109s over the forest in St. Sever. He managed to shoot down 2.5 Bf 109s, including one shared with Lt. Carl Bickel. His flight managed to destroy nine enemy aircraft in total. For his actions, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.[8]
Emmer scored his final aerial victory on August 7. Following the death of 353rd FS commander Don M. Beerbower on August 9, Emmer was appointed as the acting commander of the squadron.[9]
He was credited with the destruction of 14 enemy aircraft, which includes two shared destructions, one probable, and two damaged in aerial combat.[10]
Final mission and death edit
On August 9, exactly on the same day he was appointed as the squadron commander, Emmer's P-51 was shot down by German flak. He was badly burned, but managed to bail out near the Seine River in the vicinity of Rouen. He was taken prisoner by the Germans and taken to a hospital where he was seen by a fellow American airman from the St. Louis area. He was first held in Stalag XII-A in Bad Orb before being interned at Stalag IX-B in Limburg an der Lahn, before being finally transferred to Dulag Luft Wetzlar.[11][12][13]
The effects of the severe burns Emmer received included myocarditis, greatly weakening his heart. As a result, he was due to be released to the Red Cross on February 18, 1945. While awaiting transfer on that day, as he stood next to an air raid siren, it sounded an alarm; he collapsed into the arms of fellow POW F/O Leonard A. Walker of the RAAF and died, the result of a heart attack. He was buried at an Allied section at a cemetery in Büblingshausen.[14][15]
Emmer's brother Raymond Phillip (born 1925) served in the U.S. Army's 394th Infantry Regiment and was killed in action in Germany on November 18, 1944.[11]
After the end of World War II, Emmer's father managed to repatriate Emmer's remains and those of his brother, from Europe to St. Louis, Missouri.
Aerial victory credits edit
| Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | # | Type | Location | Aircraft flown | Unit Assigned |
| February 22, 1944 | 1 | Messerschmitt Bf 109 | Oschersleben, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| March 16, 1944 | 1 | Bf 109 | Nördlingen, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| March 16, 1944 | 1 | Focke-Wulf Fw 190 | Darmstadt, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| May 13, 1944 | 2 | Bf 109 | Pölitz, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| May 28, 1944 | 2 | Bf 109 | Neuhaldensleben, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| May 28, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Neuhaldensleben, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| June 12, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Bonn, Germany | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| June 14, 1944 | 1 | Bf 109 | Caen, France | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| June 29, 1944 | 0.5 | Fw 190 | Barbechat, France | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| July 26, 1944 | 2.5 | Bf 109 | St. Sever, France | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
| August 7, 1944 | 1 | Bf 109 | Mayenne, France | P-51B | 353 FS, 354 FG |
- SOURCES: Air Force Historical Study 85: USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II
Awards and decorations edit
 USAAF Pilot Badge
| |
|
Distinguished Service Cross |
|
Silver Star |
  |
Distinguished Flying Cross with two bronze oak leaf clusters |
|
Purple Heart |
  |
Air Medal with four silver oak leaf clusters |
| |
Air Medal with three bronze oak leaf clusters (second ribbon required for accouterment spacing) |
|
Prisoner of War Medal[16] |
|
American Campaign Medal |
  |
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with four bronze campaign stars |
|
World War II Victory Medal |
_-_ribbon_bar.png){kind=small}
|
French Croix de Guerre with Palm |
Distinguished Service Cross citation edit
- Emmer, Wallace N.
- Captain, U.S. Army Air Forces
- 353rd Fighter Squadron, 354th Fighter Group, 9th Air Force
- Date of Action: July 26, 1944
- Citation:
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Captain (Air Corps) Wallace Nathan Emmer, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a P-51 Fighter Airplane in the 353d Fighter Squadron, 354th Fighter Group, Ninth Air Force, in aerial combat against enemy forces on July 26, 1944, in the European Theater of Operations. While leading eight P-51 fighter planes of the Pioneer Mustang group on a fighter sweep of the St. Lo area, just prior to the breakthrough there, Captain Emmer fearlessly led his squadron in a superb attack on 40 enemy fighters heading for the clouds below to attack our ground troops. The intercepting maneuver created confusion among the enemy and prevented them from attacking our ground forces. Captain Emmer destroyed two enemy aircraft and assisted in destruction of a third. Captain Emmer's unquestionable valor in aerial combat is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself, the 9th Air Force, and the United States Army Air Forces.[17]
References edit
- Blake, Steve (2008). The Pioneer Mustang Group: The 354th Fighter Group in World War II. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 9780764329258.
- Hess, William N. (2002). 354th Fighter Group (Osprey Aviation Elite 7) (Illustrated ed.). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781841763156.
Citations edit
- ^ a b c "Wallace N.Emmer". Veteran Tributes. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Wallace N.Emmer - Facts". Fold3. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Complete Burial Records from 1850 to Present Day". New Mt. Sinai Cemetery & Mausoleum. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "They Lost Two Sons in the War (The National Jewish Post)". Hoosier State Chronicles. September 20, 1946. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Wallace Nathan Emmer". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "History - 353rd Fighter Squadron". 354th Fighter Group - History of the Pioneer Mustang Group during World War II. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Wallace Nathan Emmer". Ciel De Gloire. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ a b "Wallace Nathan "Wally" Emmer". Aces of WW2. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Hess 2002, p. 15.
- ^ Arthur Wyllie (September 1, 2005). WWII Victories of the Army Air Force. p. 246. ISBN 9781411648647. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ a b Kantzler, Helen (September 20, 1946). "49 Families Lose Two In The War; 10,780 Jews Dead (The National Jewish Post)". Hoosier State Chronicles. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Hess 2002, p. 23.
- ^ Eric Hammel (November 21, 2020). Air War Europa Chronology: America's Air War Against Germany In Europe and North Africa 1942–1945. p. 560. ISBN 9798569101122. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Excursions in Jewish Military History and Jewish Genealogy". They Were Soldiers. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ a b "Capt. Wallace Nathan Emmer". Together We Served. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Emmer is eligible for the Prisoner of War Medal when it was created in 1986.
- ^ "Valor awards for Wallace Nathan Emmer". Valor.militarytimes.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.