CoronalMassAffection

Ellerman Bombs

Hi there, I think that this page could use an update and hoped that maybe you could help as I am quite entrenched in this topic at the moment and do not really know how deep is deep enough/too deep. So I summarize some key points and sources below which I think should be there. As far as I know there are no public domain images of them, but I have a student working on this topic who is finishing her thesis, and we will share some of those images once it is out.

This is the kind of holy grail paper: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.440a2007R/abstract

Key points:

• Ellerman called them Hydrogen bombs (awkward), and they were rediscovered by Severny in 1956, and were named Severny Moustaches after him, due to their shape in the spectrum.

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956Obs....76..241S/abstract They are also known as IRIS bombs when discussed in the magnesium h&k lines, as those are observed in the IRIS satelite, after https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346C.315P/abstract.

• There is good agreement that they are small scale reconnection events that happen in the high photosphere. There are many papers about this, but IMO there are two thesi that summarize it very well. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1295682&dswid=-2509 (starting at pp71) and https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/37409 (starting at pp18) They discuss the reconnection mechanisms, and also what lines the EBs are visible in. (I think that the table on PP79 of the first thesis would be good to add for example)

• Their lifetime is around 2 minutes on average, but can last much longer due to continuous/repeating reconnection taking place https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019A%26A...626A...4V/abstract

• They tend to appear near active regions, and are in fact an indicator of flux emergence, and can occur in the quiet sun as quiet sun ellerman bombs.

This one again: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.440a2007R/abstract

• Anekdote if relevant, the name has been a bit controversial in the field, and Rob Rutten has once been stopped at an airport after they found papers on bombs and hydrogen bombs on his laptop. He did not get arrested, but it took a while before he got his computer back. There is no movement trying to change the name, but people tend to complain about it.

Synethos (talk) 15:22, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi @Synethos: I can totally help out. I should have some time after the new year. I rewrote the lead sentence a little over two years ago referencing Georgoulis et al 2002, and I have been meaning to add more since then. Thanks for sharing those papers. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 12:05, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi @CoronalMassAffection, glad to see that these are useful! I think that a lot of stuff can be improved on 'solar wiki', and will try to help out. :) I hope to make a page on surges soonish. Synethos (talk) 13:09, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Surges

This topic was split off from § Ellerman Bombs, above.

Hey again @Synethos: I definitely agree that there is a lot to be improved. Regarding surges, I recently created the Solar jet stub article which I intend to have cover jet-like phenomena such as X-ray jets, H-alpha surges, macrospicules, etc. I have thought about how they all should be handled, and I think it would be the most appropriate to have them all together in one article since they are very similar and have been covered as one phenomenon in recent literature (for example, Moore et al 2010 and Shen 2021). A quote from Shen 2021:

"This review mainly focuses on bigger solar jets, including surges, coronal jets and macro-spicules. Although these jet activities are observed at different scales and temperature ranges, they can be viewed as the same type of solar jets owing to their similar observational characteristics and generation mechanism, i.e. magnetic reconnection-dominated jet-like activities with an inverted-Y structure. For smaller, lower-energy jet-like activities such as spicules and dynamic fibrils, their generation mechanisms are still open questions."

I think there would be a lot of overlap if there were to be separate articles, but maybe such an approach would be better. I would appreciate your thoughts on this. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 15:00, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Also, using a similar line of reasoning, I think Moreton waves and EUV waves (the latter page currently redirects to the Moreton wave article; see this abandoned draft by another user) should also be covered together in one article. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 15:02, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

I think that it is a good way to start, eventually maybe these things could be split but for now its probably fine to keep them like this.

As for some more articles, one of mine discusses the density of them. Also the intro is a good place for some general info on surges, as I tend to go overboard on these things.

https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/03/aa42346-21/aa42346-21.html

I'm not super well versed in moreton waves and EVU, but a dataset that I hope to get soon might have one so I will be reading up. Will post relevant papers once I know them. :)

Let me know if you'd want some help with any of the pages, or the stuff I described in the above/below topics. Synethos (talk) 16:28, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

@Synethos Thanks again :) I will let you know if I encounter any problems. I will hopefully be able to spend some time on this during the summer. CoronalMassAffection 𝛿 ^talk_contribs 17:07, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Limbdarkening

Hi, another topic that could use a little polish I think is limb darkening. I think that this figure from my paper would be nice to have there. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A%26A...672L...6P/abstract

Together with an explanation of mu, which is the cosine of the emission angle with respect to the observer. https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/40656/how-to-calculate-the-limb-darkening-mu-value#:~:text=Mu%20will%20be%201%20if,used%20to%20describe%20limb%20darkening. It is defined as $\mu ={\sqrt {1-\left({\frac {\rho }{r_{\text{sun}}}}\right)^{2}}}$, with rho simply being the radial distance to the calculated point, given in the same units as the radius.

Solar Limbdarkening of the O I 7772 line

In this paper I show that the limb darkening of spectral lines is different than that of the continuum, varying strongly depending on if it is chromospheric or not, and if it is in LTE or not. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A%26A...671A.130P/abstract

Limb darkening is also a crucial paramater in the calculation of exoplanet transits, which is why this kind of research on the Sun can help with modeling of other stars, and even planets. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261636043_Transiting_Planets_Orbiting_Source_Stars_in_Microlensing_Events/figures?lo=1

Probably more can be said, but this would already be a good start. It would be cool if you could take a look and see if you agree with this, as it is probably not OK if I push my own papers there? Synethos (talk) 15:46, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi again @Synethos: I think this info should be added as long as we give due WP:WEIGHT and WP:PROPORTION to topics covered in the article. Regarding citing your own papers, I would consider looking at WP:SELFCITING if you have not already. I am not too familiar with the details of limb darkening, so I am not sure how much I can help here; however, I can look more into it. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 12:41, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Spot, plage/faculae and network definitions

Last one I promise, but since I saw you being interested in these topics specifically, and have been irked for a long time about the improper use of plage and faculae on both wiki, and in some papers. A while ago I have painstakingly assembled the definitions that you can find in the first 1.5 pages of this recently published paper. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024MNRAS.527.2940C/abstract Especially the plage one would be great to see a version of on wiki, and to finally get rid of that horrible notion that plage is the same as faculae. Synethos (talk) 15:56, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Carrington Rotation Clock

I'm glad you like the Carrington clock I added to the wikipedia page.

If you notice another page that could use similar scripts, let me know- especially when it involves astrophysics. Blablabliam (talk) 16:02, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

@Blablabliam: Thanks for making it. I will let you know if I think of another page. Just make sure to be mindful of the standards outlined in WP:SELFREF (mostly WP:CLICKHERE) and MOS:DATED since articles should make sense when reproduced on other sites and in other forms of media (e.g., on paper or in text-to-speech audio) where the script may not function. CoronalMassAffection 𝛿 ^talk_contribs 23:36, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

Ooh, that's a good thing to check. Thanks for modifying it to refer to the article load date, rather than the 'current' time; I never considered that as I was writing it. Blablabliam (talk) 20:02, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

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