Censuses in Ukraine

See also: Demographics of Ukraine

Censuses in Ukraine (Ukrainian: Переписи населення України, romanized: Perepysy naselennja Ukraїny) is a sporadic event that since 2001 has been conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine under the jurisdiction of the Government of Ukraine.

History

The first steps

See also: Russian Empire census

The first official census in the territory of Ukraine took place in 1818 when Western Ukraine was part of the Austrian Empire. However a modern census did not take place until 1857. Since then the next censuses took place in the dual-power state of the Austria-Hungary in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910. Those last five censuses also included the territory of the today Zakarpattia Oblast which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The further censuses discontinued as the country fell apart. The rest of Ukraine which was part of Russian Empire conducted its first census as part of the 1897 Russian Census. The next national census in Russia did not take place until after World War I and the formation of the Soviet Union. A city-census of Kyiv took place in March 1919, after the Bolsheviks occupied the city. In 1920, a census was conducted only in those areas of Ukraine that were not involved in the Russian Civil War.

Interwar censuses

See also: Soviet census

The next census conducted in most of the territory of Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia) was the Polish census of 1921, while the 1921 Czechoslovakia Census took place on the territory of the Zakarpattia Oblast. In 1930 another census took place in both regions as part of their respective national censuses that were conducted in the same year. Also the area of today Chernivtsi Oblast saw its first national census in 1930 for the first time since the last one that was conducted in the Austria-Hungary in 1910, while the area of Budjak of today Odessa Oblast along with the rest of Bessarabia had the Russian demographic statistic data back from 1897. Already during the World War II one more census took place in 1941 in Hungary which previously sacked and occupied the territory of Carpatho-Ukraine (today Zakarpattia Oblast). As it was mentioned before, the first national Russian Census since 1897 took place only in 1926 as part of the First All-Union Census in the USSR. The next census in the Soviet Union took place in 1937, but it was recognized as unofficial and was never disclosed. The census was also recognized as a conspiracy against the Soviet regime. Just before the World War II in 1939, the Soviet Union conducted another census that was accepted as the official one.

Post-War censuses

After World War II, Ukraine was united in its current borders (including Crimea) and within the Soviet Union. The first Soviet Census after the war took place in 1959, followed by three more in 1970, 1979 and 1989. The next planned census never took place as the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

Post-Soviet

Main articles: 2001 Ukrainian census and Next Ukrainian Census

The first (and so far only) national census of Ukraine took place in 2001. It was originally planned that the next one would follow in 2010, but it was postponed until 2020. In April 2020 Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers Oleh Nemchinov said there would be no census in 2020 and probably not in 2021. Nemchinov said in December 2020 that the next census was planned for 2023.

Following the full scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the census was postponed indefinitely until the end of the war.

Summary

Year	Territory (km2)	Total population	Density per km2	Change	Urban population	Share	Males	Share	Females	Share	Largest city	Second largest city	Ukrainian language share	Ethnic minorities	Notes
1897	518 713	23 430 407	45.17	0.0%	3 085 341	13.2%	11 780 525	50.3%	11 649 882	49.7%	Odessa (403 800)	Kiev (247 700)	72.6%	Russians (2 767 952) Jews (1 908 465)
1926	451 584	29 018 187	64.25	23.8%	5 373 553	18.5%	14 094 592	48.6%	14 923 595	51.4%	Kiev (513 637)	Odessa (420 862)	77.0%	Russians (2 677 166) Jews (1 574 391)
1937		28 387 609	62.93	2.2%	9 561 767	33.7%	13 117 514	46.2%	15 270 095	53.8%	Kiev (775 850}	Kharkov (759 385)	—	Russians (3 221 898) Jews (1 470 484)
1939		30 946 218	68.53	10.5%	11 190 370	36.2%	14 753 566	47.7%	16 192 652	52.3%	Kiev (846 724)	Kharkov (832 913)	—	Russians (4 175 299) Jews (1 532 776)
1959	603 700	41 869 046	69.35	35.3%	19 419 783	46.4%	18 575 382	44.4%	23 293 664	55.6%	Kiev (1 104 334)	Kharkov (934 136)	—	Russians (7 090 813) Jews (840 311)
1970		47 126 517	78.06	12.5%	25 688 560	54.5%	21 305 320	45.2%	25 821 197	54.8%	Kiev (1 631 908)	Kharkov (1 222 852)	—	Russians (9 126 331) Jews (775 993)
1979		49 754 642	82.42	5.6%	30 511 530	61.3%	22 743 513	45.7%	27 011 129	54.3%	Kiev (2 143 855)	Kharkov (1 443 754)	—	Russians (10 471 602) Jews (632 610)
1989		51 706 742	85.65	3.9%	34 587 662	66.9%	23 907 764	46.2%	27 798 978	53.8%	Kiev (2 587 945)	Kharkov (1 609 959)	64.3%	Russians (11 355 582) Jews (486 326)
2001		48 457 100	80.27	6.3%	32 574 500	67.2%	22 441 400	46.3%	26 015 700	53.7%	Kyiv (2 615 300)	Kharkiv (1 470 902)	67.5%	Russians (8 334 141) Moldovans (409 608)
1 Feb 2022 estimate		43 415 201	71.91	10.4%	29 867 569	68.8%	20 052 573	46.2%	23 362 627	53.8%	Kyiv (2 890 432)	Kharkiv (1 421 125)	—	—

Western Ukraine under Poland, 1921–1931

Year	Territory (km2)	Total population	Density per km2	Change	Urban population	Share	Males	Share	Females	Share	Largest city	Second largest city	Ukrainian language share	Ethnic minorities	Notes
1921	91 920	6 923 632	75.32	0.0%	1 235 937	17.8%	3 318 670	47.9%	3 604 962	52.1%	Lwów (219 400)	Stanisławów (51 391)	56.3%	—
1931		7 981 443	86.83	15.3%	—	—	3 861 055	48.4%	4 120 388	51.6%	Lwów (312 231)	Stanisławów (60 626)	40.4%	—

External links

• Historical information on the website of the Ukrainian Census
• Official website of the Ukrainian Census
• 2001 Census of Ukraine
• List of all censuses of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and Russian Federation at "Demoscope Weekly". Demography Institute of the National Research University "The Highest School of Economics"