Plant pathology has developed from antiquity, but scientific study began in the Early modern period and developed in the 19th century.[1]
Early history edit
- 300–286 BC; Theophrastus, father of botany, wrote and studied diseases of trees, cereals and legumes[2]
17th century edit
- 1665; Robert Hooke illustrates a plant-pathogenic fungal disease, rose rust[1]
- 1675; Antony van Leeuwenhoek invents the compound microscope, in 1683 describes bacteria seen with the microscope[2]
18th century edit
- 1729; Pier Antonio Micheli observes fungal spores, conducts germination experiments[2]
- 1755; Mathieu Tillet reports on treatment of seeds[2]
19th century edit
- 1802; Lime sulfur first used to control plant disease[1]
- 1845–1849; Potato late blight epidemic in Ireland[1]
- 1853; Heinrich Anton de Bary, father of modern mycology, establishes that fungi are the cause, not the result, of plant diseases,[2] publishes "Untersuchungen uber die Brandpilze"
- 1858; Julius Kühn publishes "Die Krankheiten der Kultergewachse"[1]
- 1865; M. Planchon discovers a new species of Phylloxera, which was named Phylloxera vastatrix.[3]
- 1868–1882; Coffee rust epidemic in Sri Lanka[1]
- 1871; Thomas Taylor publishes the first USDA papers on microscopic plant pathogens[4]
- 1875; Mikhail Woronin identified the cause of clubroot as a "plasmodiophorous organism" and gave it the name Plasmodiophora brassicae[1]
- 1876; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, responsible for Panama disease, discovered in bananas in Australia[5]
- 1878–1885; Downy mildew of grape epidemic in France[1]
- 1879; Robert Koch establishes germ theory: diseases are caused by microorganisms[2]
- 1882; Lehrbuch der Baumkrankheiten (Textbook of Diseases of Trees), by Robert Hartig, is published in Berlin, the first textbook of forest pathology.[1]
- 1885; Bordeaux mixture introduced by Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet to control downy mildew on grape[1]
- 1885; Experimental proof that bacteria can cause plant diseases: Erwinia amylovora and fire blight of apple[1]
- 1886–1898; Recognition of plant viral diseases: Tobacco mosaic virus[1]
- 1889; Introduction of hot water treatment of seed for disease control by J. L. Jensen[1]
20th century edit
- 1902; First chair of plant pathology established, in Copenhagen[1]
- 1904; Mendelian inheritance of cereal rust resistance demonstrated[1]
- 1907; First academic department of plant pathology established at Cornell University[1]
- 1908; American Phytopathological Society founded[1]
- 1910; Panama disease reaches Western Hemisphere[5]
- 1911; Scientific journal Phytopathology founded[1]
- 1923; Lawrence Ogilvie identified the virus that had devastated Bermuda's high-value lily bulb crops.[6]
- 1925; Panama disease reaches every banana-growing country in the Western Hemisphere[5]
- 1951; European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) founded[1]
- 1967; Recognition of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms[1]
- 1971; Theodor Otto Diener discovers viroids, organisms smaller than viruses[7]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Ainsworth, G.C. (1981). Introduction to the History of Plant Pathology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23032-2.
- ^ a b c d e f "History of Plant Pathology". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ^ "Plasmopara viticola, the Cause of Downy Mildew of Grapes". The Origin of Plant Pathology and The Potato Famine, and Other Stories of Plant Diseases. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ Grace, J K (September 1988). "The Role of Thomas Taylor in the History of American Phytopathology". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 26 (1): 25–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.26.090188.000325.
- ^ a b c "Fusarium oxysporum : The End of the Banana Industry?". The Origin of Plant Pathology and The Potato Famine, and Other Stories of Plant Diseases. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ Ogilvie, Lawrence (April 1927). "An Important Virus Disease of Lilium longiflorum and its Varieties". Nature. 119 (2997): 528. Bibcode:1927Natur.119..528O. doi:10.1038/119528b0. S2CID 8937999.
- ^ Diener TO (August 1971). "Potato spindle tuber "virus". IV. A replicating, low molecular weight RNA". Virology. 45 (2): 411–28. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(71)90342-4. PMID 5095900.