The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands.
Prior to 18th century edit
- ~50 AD - Roman fortress built on what is now the Dom square as part of the Limes Germanicus. Named Traiectum to signify it was at a crossing of what was at that time the main branch of the Rhine (now the Oude Gracht)
- ~200 AD - Wooden fortress walls upgraded to imported tuff stone. Parts of these wall survive to date
- ~270 AD - Limes Germanicus including the fortress at Trajectum abandoned due to continued invasions.
- 636 - Chapel built by Dagobert I within the walls of the abandoned Roman fortress.[1]
- 695 - Catholic diocese of Utrecht established.[2]
- 720 - St. Martin's church founded by Willibrord (approximate date).[1]
- 918 - Balderic becomes bishop.[1]
- 1122
- 22 June: Town privileges confirmed by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]
- Oudegracht (canal) construction begins.
- 1145 - Smeetoren (tower) built (approximate date).
- 1267 - St. Martin's Cathedral built.[1]
- 1279 - Buurkerk (church) rebuilding begins.
- 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[3]
- 1382 - St. Martin's Cathedral tower built.[4]
- 1393 - Nieuwegracht (Utrecht) (moat) constructed.
- 1432 - Kleine Vleeshal built.
- 1440
- Guildhall St. Eloy's Hospice in use.
- Illuminated manuscript Hours of Catherine of Cleves created in Utrecht (approximate date).[5]
- 1455 - 7 April: Gijsbrecht van Brederode becomes bishop elect of Utrecht after being elected by the chapters.
- 1455 - 13 September: David of Burgundy becomes bishop of Utrecht by papal appointment.[6]
- 1459 - 2 March: Adriaan Florensz, the later Pope Adrian VI born.
- 1470-4 - First Utrecht Civil War to quell continued opposition to his rule David of Burgundy imprisons Gijsbrecht van Brederode leading to the first Utrecht civil war.
- 1471 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).[7]
- 1481-3 - Second Utrecht Civil War, David of Burgundy temporarily removed from power, but restored after the Siege of Utrecht (1483)
- 1517 - Paushuize (residence) built.[1]
- 1528 - Lordship of Utrecht established.
- 1532 - Vredenburg (castle) built.
- 1550 - St. Catherine Cathedral built (approximate date).[1]
- 1577 - Demolition of Vredenburg castle begins.
- 1579 - 23 January: Treaty unifying northern provinces of the Netherlands signed in Utrecht.[1]
- 1584 - Catholic property secularized.[8]
- 1586 - Calvinists in power.[8]
- 1620s - Utrecht Caravaggisti artists active.[9]
- 1636 - Utrecht University[4] and its library established.[10]
- 1637 - Grote Vleeshuis built.[1]
- 1644 - Schilders-Collegie founded.[11]
- 1672-3 - Occupation by French forces.[8][12]
- 1674 - 1 August: 1674 Netherlands storm. Major damage to several landmark building, most notably the collapse of the nave of the Dom church.[8]
18th-19th centuries edit
- 1713 - International peace treaty relating to the War of the Spanish Succession signed in Utrecht.[1]
- 1773 - Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences founded.[13]
- 1787 - 9 May: Prussians in power.[14]
- 1795 - 18 January: Utrecht "acquired by the French."[14]
- 1807 - Genootschap Kunstliefde (art society) formed.
- 1808 - Jewish cemetery, Utrecht established.[15]
- 1813 - Jan van den Velden becomes mayor.
- 1816 - Utrechtsch Studenten Corps (student society) founded.
- 1823
- Abstede, Catharijne, Lauwerecht, and Tolsteeg become part of city.[citation needed]
- Oorsprongpark (Utrecht) opens.
- 1830 - Utrecht City Hall built.[4]
- 1838 - City Museum of Antiquities opens.
- 1843 - Utrecht Centraal railway station opens.
- 1853 - Sonnenborgh Observatory established.
- 1866 - Population: 58,607 in city; 172,487 in province.[16]
- 1872 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Museum opens.[17]
- 1873 - Museum Kunstliefde established.[17]
- 1879 - Regional Utrecht State Archives established.[18]
- 1884
- Utrechtsch Museum van Kunstnijverheid (applied arts museum) opens.
- Population: 74,364.[19]
- 1892 - Public library established.[10]
- 1893 - Utrechts Nieuwsblad (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1894 - Utrecht City Orchestra founded.
- 1898 - Wilhelminapark (Utrecht) opens.
20th century edit
- 1902 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis van Utrecht built.
- 1906 - Gemeentetram Utrecht (electric tram) begins operating.
- 1908 - Bioscoop Vreeburg (cinema) opens.
- 1913 - Rembrandt Bioscoop-Theater (cinema) opens.[20]
- 1914 - Old Catholic St. Gertrude's Cathedral built.
- 1916 - Nationale Bankvereeniging (bank) established.[21]
- 1919 - Population: 138,334.[22]
- 1921 - Centraal Museum established.
- 1924 - Rietveld Schröder House built in the De Stijl design mode.
- 1927 - Louis Hartlooper Complex construction begins (approximate date).
- 1940 - Population: 165,029.
- 1950 - Population: 193,190.
- 1954 - Oudenrijn (section) and Zuilen become part of city.[citation needed]
- 1960 - Population: 254,186.
- 1961 - Neudeflat built.
- 1967 - 12 June: 1967 Utrecht explosion in Lage Weide.
- 1968 - Sarasani cannabis coffee shop in business.
- 1970 - Football Club Utrecht formed.
- 1970s - part of moat converted to motorway.[23][24]
- 1976 - Westraven hi-rise built.
- 1978 - Springhaver cinema opens.[20]
- 1979 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg (concert hall) and Museum Catharijneconvent open.
- 1980 - Population: 237,037 municipality.[25]
- 1985 - May: Catholic pope visits Utrecht.
- 1987 - Leefbaarheidsbudget (participatory budgeting) introduced.[26]
- 1998 - City Utrecht Archive established.
- 2000 - Population: 233,667.
21st century edit
- 2001 - Vleuten-De Meern becomes part of city.[citation needed]
- 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.[27]
- 2006 - Dick Bruna House museum opens.[28]
- 2008 - Galghenwert hi-rise built.
- 2011 - Rabobank Bestuurscentrum hi-rise built.
- 2012 - Utrecht befriends the city of Portland, Oregon, USA.[29]
- 2013 - Population: 321,916 municipality.[25]
- 2014
- TivoliVredenburg concert hall opens.
- Jan van Zanen becomes mayor.
- 2015 - July: 2015 Tour de France cycling race starts from Utrecht.
- 2017
- May: Basic income pilot to begin.[30]
- August: Bicycle parking garage opens.[31]
- 2019 - March: 2019 Utrecht shooting
- 2020 - September: re-conversion of motorway back to moat/canal completed.[23][24]
See also edit
- Utrecht history
- History of Utrecht
- List of mayors of Utrecht
- List of bishops of Utrecht
- List of rijksmonuments in Utrecht (city)
- List of tallest buildings in Utrecht (city)
- History of Utrecht province
- Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ^ a b c William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Utrecht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- ^ "Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Holland: Utrecht". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ a b c d Ring 1995.
- ^ "Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ a b Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.
- ^ Claartje Rasterhoff (2014). "The spatial side of innovation: the local organization of cultural production in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800". In Karel Davids; Bert De Munck (eds.). Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities. Ashgate. pp. 161–188. ISBN 978-1-4724-3989-5.
- ^ "Timeline Dutch History". Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Utrecht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t – via HathiTrust
- ^ "Utrecht". Four hundred years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
- ^ a b "Departement van Binnenlandsche Zaken: Kunsten en wetenschappen (Department of Interior: Arts and Sciences)", Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1885 [State Year Book for the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (in Dutch), Utrecht: Broese, 1884
- ^ "Rijksarchief in de provincie Utrecht", Het Utrechts Archief (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
- ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Utrecht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "The Netherlands". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
- ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ a b "Joining the circle: Utrecht removes road to be ringed by water once more". DutchNews.nl. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b Boffey, Daniel (14 September 2020). "Utrecht restores historic canal made into motorway in 1970s". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region: Municipality Utrecht". StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. 2014.
- ^ "Leefbaarheidsbudget Participatory Budgeting (Utrecht, Netherlands)". Participedia. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
- ^ Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
- ^ Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
- ^ "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Utrecht eerste gemeente met proef 'regelarme bijstand'", NRC (in Dutch), Amsterdam, 20 February 2017
- ^ Dutch build vital new infrastructure: world's biggest bike parking lot, Reuters, 21 August 2017
Bibliography edit
Published in the 18th–19th centuries edit
In English
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Utrecht", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
- "Utrecht". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Utrecht", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3vt1xd50
- "Utrecht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
- "Utrecht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881, hdl:2027/hvd.hn2ha2 – via HathiTrust (+ 1851 ed.)
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885). "Utrecht". Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. New York: Harper & Brothers.
In other languages
- Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1848). "Utrecht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 11. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
- Volledig adresboek der stad Utrecht ... 1863-1864 [Directory of the City of Utrecht] (in Dutch). J. Van Boekhoven. 1863.
- Samuel Muller Fz. [in Dutch] (1878). Catalogus van den topographischen atlas der provincie Utrecht (in Dutch). Beijers. (bibliography)
- H. T. Luks (1891). "Utrecht". Belgien und Holland. Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (in German) (5th ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt.
Published in the 20th century edit
In English
- "Utrecht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Utrecht", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752839
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Charles Bertram Black (1908), "Utrecht", Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.), London: A. and C. Black (+ 1876 ed.)
- Edmundson, George (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 824–826.
- George Wharton Edwards (1909). "Utrecht". Holland of To-day. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company.
- "Utrecht". Belgium and Holland (15th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1910. OCLC 397759. (+ 1881 ed.)
- "Archdiocese of Utrecht", Catholic Encyclopedia, New York, 1913, hdl:2027/nyp.33433070780394
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Utrecht". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 762+. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
In Dutch
- Henri Zondervan, ed. (1922), "Utrecht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 16 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy "Elsevier", hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347908
- G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Utrecht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Utrecht (city).
- Europeana. Items related to Utrecht, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Utrecht, various dates