Timeline of Bremen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bremen, Germany.

Prior to 19th century edit

787 CE - Catholic diocese of Bremen formed.^[1]
848 CE - Transfer of the archiepiscopal see of Hamburg to Bremen.
965 CE - Adaldag archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen given ruling powers by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor^[2]
1186 - Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor grants privilegium to the townspeople.^[2]
1220's - Bremen Cathedral construction began.^[2]
1223 – Archbishopric relocated to Bremen from Hamburg.
1230 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt (approximate date).
1243 – St. Ansgarius church built (approximate date).^[2]
1247 - Location of Schlachte settled by local citizens and traders.
1283 - Bremen admitted to the Hanseatic League but was excluded in 1285.^[2]
1304 - "The commonalty rose against the patricians and drove them from the city."^[2]
1358 - Bremen re-admitted to the Hanseatic League.^[2]
1409 – Town Hall built.
1427 – Bremen re-excluded from the Hanseatic League.^[2]
1433 – Bremen re-admitted to the Hanseatic League.^[2]
1522 - The Reformation was introduced into Bremen.^[2]
1532 - Bremen joins the Schmalkaldic League.^[2]
1588 – Stadtwaage built.
1618 - Protestantism definitively proclaimed as the state religion.^[2]
1619 – Cloth-traders' guild hall built.^[2]
1630
- Lübeck-Hamburg-Bremen defensive alliance formed.^[3]
- Shipper's House built.
1644 - Frederick II of Denmark deposed by the Swedes.^[2]
1654 & 1666 - Swedish Wars on Bremen.^[2]
1675 – Bremen-Verden Campaign.
1682 - Bremen Exchange construction began of a single story building.^[2]
1720 - George I., elector of Hanover recognized Bremen as a free city. ^[2]
1790 - City directory published.^[4]
1792 – Bremer Stadttheater (1792) [de] (theatre) built.

19th century edit

1807 - Population: 36,041.
1806 - Bremen taken by the French.^[2]
1810 – Bremen becomes part of the French Empire.^[5]
1815 - Congress of Vienna restores its independence.^[2]
1823
- Art Society founded.
- St. John's Church rededicated as a Catholic church
1827 – Bremerhaven (seaport) established.
1847
- Bremen Hauptbahnhof (main railway station) opens.
- Wunstorf–Bremen railway opens.
1849 – Kunsthalle (art museum) built.
1857 – Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company in business.
1862 - Population: 67,217.^[6]
1866 – Bremen joins the North German Confederation.^[5]^[2]
1867
- Exchange built.^[2]
- Oldenburg–Bremen railway opened.
- Population: 74,574.^[7]
1868 – 10 April: Premiere of Brahm's German Requiem.
1871
- End of Bremen independence, city becomes part of the German Empire.
- Population: 82,969.^[7]
1872 – AG Weser in business.^[8]
1874 – Agricultural exhibition held.^[5]
1875
- Kaiserbrucke (bridge) built.^[2]
- Population: 102,499.^[7]
1876 – Horse tramway begins operating.
1878 – Post office built.^[2]
1885 - Population: 118,395.^[9]
1888
- Bremen joins German Customs Union.
- Bremen Hauptbahnhof (train station) re-built.^[2]
1890
- Bremer Straßenbahn active.
- Population: 124,955.^[7]
1892 – Electric tramway begins operating.
1893 – Bremer Vulkan shipbuilder in business.^[8]
1895 – Law courts built.^[2]
1900 – Population: 186,822; state 248,407.^[2]

Bremen around 1900

20th century edit

1900-1945 edit

1901 – Bremen Cathedral great restoration completed.^[2]
1902 – Kunsthalle (art museum) enlarged.
1905 – Population: 214,953; state 263,673.^[2]
1906 – Production of decaffeinated Kaffee Hag coffee begins.^[10]
1911 – Rathscafé built.
1913
- Bremen Airport established.
- New Town Hall and Theater am Goetheplatz built.
- 20 June: Bremen school shooting.
1919 – Population: 257,923.^[11]
1920 – New constitution put into effect.
1923 – Bremer Flugzeugbau aircraft manufactory in business.
1925 – Fahrzeugwerke Borgward automobile manufactory in business.
1928 – Population: 302,949.
1932 – Reichskolonialehrendenkmal [de] (monument) unveiled.
1933
- March: Nazis take control of executive Senate. Nazi Richard Markert becomes mayor.
- May: Placed in a united Reich Governorship with Oldenburg under Carl Röver.
- October: Bürgerschaft (state parliament) is dissolved.
1939
- Aumund, Blumenthal, Fähr, Farge, Grohn, Hammersbeck, Lobbendorf, Rekum [de; nds], Schönebeck, and Vegesack become part of city.^{[citation needed]}
- August: Polish libraries seized by the Gestapo.^[12]
- September: Mass arrests of local Polish activists (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).^[13]
- Population: 431,800.
1940
- May: Bombing of Bremen in World War II begins.
- May: Bremen-Blumenthal forced labour camp for men established.^[14]
1942 – 2nd SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) established by the SS.^[15]
1943 – Bremen-Farge subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly French, Polish and Soviet men.^[16]
1944
- 15 April: 2nd SS construction brigade relocated to Berlin.^[15]
- 2 August: Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were Jewish women.^[17]
- 16 August: Bremen-Neuenland subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly French and Soviet men.^[18]
- August: Bremen-Blumenthal subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly Belgian, French, Polish, Soviet and Jewish men.^[19]
- 26 September: Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved^[17] and Bremen-Obernheide subcamp established. Prisoners moved from Hindenburgkaserne to Obernheide.^[20]
- 28 November: Bremen-Neuenland subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved^[18] and Bremen-Osterort subcamp established. Prisoners moved from Neuenland to Osterort.^[21]
- 25/26 December: Bremen-Schützenhof subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish men.^[22]

Liberated French and Dutch slave workers following the British capture of the city in 1945

1945
- 4 April: Bremen-Obernheide subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Uesen.^[20]
- 6 April: Bremen-Osterort subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Bremen-Farge subcamp.^[21]
- 7–9 April: Blumenthal and Schützenhof subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Bremen-Farge subcamp.^[19]^[22]
- 10 April: Bremen-Farge subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners either sent on death marches to Bremervörde and Sandbostel or deported by train towards the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.^[16]
- 22 April: Bombing of Bremen in World War II ends.
- April: City captured by British forces.
- Wilhelm Kaisen becomes mayor.

1946-1990s edit

1947 – State of Bremen reestablished.
1949 – Becomes a constituent state of West Germany.
1956 – Population: 507,952.
1964 – Bremen-Arena opens.
1966
- 28 January: Airplane crash.
- Bürgerschaft (parliament) building and Zoo Bremen [de]^[23] open.
1983 – Bremer Shakespeare Company founded.
1986 – Bremen TV tower erected.
1990 – Population: 551,219.
1992 – Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen active.
1999
- 6 June: Bremen state election, 1999 held.
- Fatih Mosque, Bremen [de] built.

21st century edit

2003
- City hosts the 2003 European Karate Championships.
- 25 May: Bremen state election, 2003 held.
2005 – Jens Böhrnsen becomes mayor.^[24]
2007 – 13 May: Bremen state election, 2007 held.
2010 – Bremen S-Bahn begins operating.
2011 – 22 May: Bremen state election, 2011 held.
2012 – Population: 547,976.
2014 – City hosts the 2014 World Karate Championships.
2015 - 10 May: 2015 Bremen state election
2015 - 17 July: Carsten Sieling becomes mayor.
2019 - 26 May: 2019 Bremen state election
2019 - 15 August: Andreas Bovenschulte becomes mayor.

References edit

^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab Britannica 1910.
^ Philippe Dollinger (1970). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0742-8.
^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Haydn 1910.
^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Bremen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Brockhaus 1896.
^ ^a ^b Lee 1999.
^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
^ "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
^ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 52.
^ Cygański, p. 54
^ "Arbeitserziehungslager Bremen-Blumenthal". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen (2nd SS Construction Brigade)". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Farge". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Neuenland". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Blumenthal". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Obernheide". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Osterort". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bremen-Schützenhof". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 12 December 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography edit

in English edit

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Bremen", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bremen". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Bremen", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Bremen". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
"Bremen", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1873
"Bremen". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Bremen", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Bremen", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
"Bremen". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Bremen", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
"Bremen (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 493–494.
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bremen", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
Joseph Lins (1913). "Bremen". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Wilson King (1914), Chronicles of Three Free Cities: Hamburg Bremen, Lübeck, London: Dent
Robert Lee (1999). "Urban Labor Markets, In-Migration, and Demographic Growth: Bremen, 1815–1914". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 30 (3): 437–473. JSTOR 206909.
Robert Lee & Peter Marschalck (2002). "Port-city legacy: urban demographic change in the Hansestadt Bremen, 1815-1910". In Richard Lawton & W. Robert Lee (eds.). Population and Society in Western European Port Cities, c.1650-1939. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-435-7.

in German edit

"Stadt Bremen". Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1653. p. 60+.
Karl von Hegel (1891). "Bremen". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. hdl:2027/wu.89094689700 – via HathiTrust.
"Bremen". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064452.
Wilhelm von Bippen (1904), Geschichte der Stadt Bremen, Halle: C.E. Müller, OL 20530009M
P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Bremen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
Bremen [Chronicles of the German Cities]. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 37. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. 1968.

External links edit

Europeana. Items related to Bremen, various dates

53°04′33″N 8°48′27″E / 53.075833°N 8.8075°E / 53.075833; 8.8075

[katolsk-1] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab Britannica 1910.

[Dollinger1970-3] Philippe Dollinger (1970). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0742-8.

[4] A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[FOOTNOTEHaydn1910-5] Haydn 1910.

[Kolb1862-6] Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Bremen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.

[FOOTNOTEBrockhaus1896-7] Brockhaus 1896.

[FOOTNOTELee1999-8] Lee 1999.

[9] "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.

[Robertson2011-10] Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.

[11] "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.

[12] Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 52.

[13] Cygański, p. 54

[14] "Arbeitserziehungslager Bremen-Blumenthal". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[2SS-15] "Bremen (2nd SS Construction Brigade)". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Farge-16] "Bremen-Farge". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[kaserne-17] "Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Neuenland-18] "Bremen-Neuenland". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Blumenthal-19] "Bremen-Blumenthal". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Obernheide-20] "Bremen-Obernheide". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Osterort-21] "Bremen-Osterort". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Schützen-22] "Bremen-Schützenhof". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[Kisling2000-23] Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.

[24] "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 12 December 2013.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]