Tannaker Buhicrosan (タナカー・ブヒクロサン) (25 February 1839 – 10 August 1894), christened Frederik Eduard Marie Martinus Blekman, and also known as Furederikku Burekkuman, was a Dutch-Japanese translator, international businessman and promoter best known for operating the Japanese Village exhibition erected in Knightsbridge from 1885 to 1887.[1][2]
Tannaker Buhicrosan | |
|---|---|
 Drawing of Buhicrosan, 1885 (Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News) | |
| Born | Frederik Eduard Marie Martinus Blekman 25 February 1839 |
| Died | 10 August 1894 (aged 55) |
| Occupation(s) | Translator, Circus Owner |
| Known for | Japanese Village, Knightsbridge |
| Spouse | Ruth Otake Buhicrosan
(m. 1879) |
Early years edit
Buhicrosan was born in Amsterdam on 25 February 1839, the son of Susanna Catharina née van der Hulst (born 1814) and Eduard Matthijs Nicolaas Blekman (born 1815).[3][4] Travelling first via Australia and New Zealand, Blekman arrived in Nagasaki in 1859, living among the foreign community in Nagasaki.[2] Still known as Blekman at the time, he was hired first by the British Legation as a Dutch translator in 1861 for the Shimonoseki area and later to represent the French in talks with the second Japanese Ambassadorial European dispatch in 1864–1866, as Dutch was the language the Japanese used to negotiate treaties at this time. However, he caused financial strife between the French and Shogunal authorities by inflating the asking price for French warships to divert the excess payment to his trading company and was dismissed as their intermediary Dutch interpreter.[2]
With a warrant out for his arrest in Japan he fled to San Francisco and began anew, putting together his first entertainment troupe in 1867, eventually going on tour.[citation needed] By 1871 he was in Britain as the "Professional Manager of a Japanese Troupe", lodging at Luton in Bedfordshire with his Japanese wife Omoto Blekman (née Kagami, 1843–1916) and nine other Japanese people.[3] Capitalising on the craze for "all things Japan", he primarily focused on promoting his "Japanese Entertainment" performances (popularised by the San Francisco Japanese community), taking the moniker Tannaker Buhicrosan (perhaps part of Japanese Expat pidgin[5]). Buhicrosan began to sell "Japanese products" such as umbrellas and began to demonstrate real Japanese craftsmen and their works in the show in mock-up traditional "Old Japan" style houses (a popular 19th century infantile notion of Japan) with food stalls and another "Japanese" temple attached. In 1874 Buhicrosan moved to London. In 1878 Blekman appeared in court in Southampton in Hampshire, charged with obtaining money under false pretences, but was acquitted.[6] In 1879 he married a British-Japanese woman, Ruth Otake Buchirosan (1851–1914), settling in Hither Lane, Lewisham, London, where they had 10 children.[2][7][self-published source?][8][9][10]
Japanese village, Knightsbridge edit
In premises in Milton Street, Finsbury, in December 1883 Buhicrosan 'set up The Japanese Native Village Exhibition and Trading Company Limited with a number of associates, including Cornelius B. Pare, a Japan and China merchant in the city, Ambrose Austin, a concert agent, and John Miles, a Wardour Street printer. ... Buhicrosan was to receive a salary of at least £1,000' from his new trading venture. Buhicrosan in January 1885 opened the Japanese Village in Knightsbridge, London, at Humphreys' Hall, attracting great success with 250,000 visitors, the popularity of which was boosted by Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera hit, The Mikado, which opened in March 1885. The village burned down in May, causing surrounding property damage and killing a Japanese carpenter. The troupe had already been engaged to appear at the 1885 International Hygiene Exhibition in Berlins Exhibition Park. In December 1885 the village reopened in London with 'several streets of shops ... two temples and various free-standing idols, and a pool spanned by a rustic bridge'.[10] The village employed over 100 people, such as Japanese craftsmen, performers and artisans in London.[11] The novelty had worn off on the public by 1887, and the village was closed in June.
Last years and death edit
After that Buhicrosan toured England, dying in 1894 in Lewisham.[12] Blekman died in London in 1888.[13]
References edit
- ^ "Buhicrosan, Tannaker, 1839–1894: Library of Congress". LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d Cortazzi, Hugh (2009). Japan in Late Victorian London: The Japanese Native Village in Knightsbridge and The Mikado, 1885. Sainsbury Institute. pp. 49–54. ISBN 978-0-9545921-1-0.
- ^ a b 1871 England Census for Frederik Blekman, Bedfordshire, Luton, Ancestry.com (subscription required)
- ^ Frederik Blekman in the Amsterdam, Netherlands, Population Index, 1780–1865
- ^ See "Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect", Bishop of Homoco (2nd Ed.,1879)
- ^ England & Wales, Criminal Registers, 1791–1892 for Frederick Blekman, England, Hampshire (1878): Ancestry.com (subscription required)
- ^ Paper Butterflies: Unravelling the Mystery of Tannaker Buhicrosan, Paul Budden, Gatekeeper Press, 2020
- ^ ロンドン日本人村を作った男 〔謎の興行師タナカー・ブヒクロサン 1839–94〕, 単行本, 2015
- ^ https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/search.pl, 'Buhicrosan' under Birth certificates from 1851–1910 in Lewisham
- ^ a b "Knightsbridge Green Area: Scotch Corner and the High Road | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
- ^ McLaughlin, Joseph (20 September 2007). ""The Japanese Village" and the Metropolitan Construction of Modernity". Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net (48). doi:10.7202/017441ar – via www.erudit.org.
- ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858–1995 for Tanaker Buhicrosan, 1894, Ancestry.com (subscription required)
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 1 January 2023.