Roy Harris's Symphony No. 3 is a symphony written in 1939. It received its world premiere on February 24, 1939, in Boston, with Serge Koussevitzky conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
History edit
Harris wrote this symphony on a commission from Hans Kindler but he gave it to Serge Koussevitzky instead.[1] It has been described as "the quintessential American symphony",[2] and "the most widely performed and recorded of all American symphonies".[3]
The material that eventually became the opening of the Third Symphony was initially meant to be a violin concerto for Jascha Heifetz, but the commission fell through and Harris decided to turn it into a symphony. The point where the strings enter on middle C was to have been the solo violin's entrance.[4]
The score was published by G. Schirmer in 1940.
Analysis edit
The music is scored for 3 flutes (the third doubling on piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 soprano clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 euphonium, 1 tuba, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, xylophone, vibraphone and strings.
According to Harris, the symphony is in five connected sections: Tragic, Lyrical, Pastoral, Fugue Dramatic, Dramatic Tragic. "After the first performance, Harris made two cuts" to the Pastoral section, specifically, measures 274–301 and 308–16.[5] Originally the symphony did not end as in the published version, but stopped rather abruptly. At Koussevitzky's suggestion, Harris added a coda.[4]
Critical reception edit
In 1939, Koussevitzky conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra in the premiere. While public reaction was initially chilly, the symphony has become more popular. This work uses a number of techniques that have become common in subsequent American classical music works, including "massive but spacious textures; a new emphasis on vital, syncopated rhythms... and a rich harmonic palette".[6]
Koussevitzky made the world-premiere recording in a performance which Harris "regarded ... as the finest interpretation".[3]
Together with "the Second Symphony by Howard Hanson, [and] the Third by Robert Ward ... the Third of Roy Harris" is one of those American symphonies which "are within the capabilities of our [American] community orchestras".[7]
References edit
- Butterworth, Neil (1998). The American Symphony. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- ^ Stehman, Dan (1984). Roy Harris: An American Musical Pioneer. Boston: Twayne Publishers. pp. 63–9.
- ^ Canarina, John (1993). "The American Symphony". In Robert Layton (ed.). A Guide to the Symphony. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 408–10.
- ^ a b Butterworth 1998, p. 84.
- ^ a b Clark, John W.; Schuman, William (Autumn 1986). "William Schuman on His Symphonies: An Interview". American Music. 4 (3): 328–336. doi:10.2307/3051614. JSTOR 3051614. p. 334.
- ^ Butterworth 1998, p. 86.
- ^ Haskins, Rob (2000). "Orchestral and Chamber Music in the Twentieth Century". In Ellen Koskoff (ed.). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Vol. 3 - The United States and Canada. Routledge (Taylor & Francis). pp. 203–208.
Reprint 2017. ISBN 9781351544146. - ^ Van Horn, James (1979). The Community Orchestra: A Handbook for Conductors, Managers and Boards. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780313205620.
Further reading edit
- Kennan, Kent Wheeler. The Technique of Orchestration. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1952.