This is a list of the monarchs of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جا بادشاهن, romanized: Sind Jā Badshāhan), from the establishment of the Rai dynasty around 489 AD until the conquest of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty by the East India Company in 1843.
| Maharaja/Sultan of Sindh (Sind) | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Style | Maharaja Sultan Raja Wali Amir Sardar Jam Shah Mirza Subahdar Nawab Rais Mir |
| First monarch | Ranaditya Satya 489–524 |
| Last monarch | Mir Nasir Khan Talpur 1840–1843 (as Mir of Hyderabad) |
| Formation | 489 AD |
| Abolition | 24 March 1843 |
| Residence | Kot Diji Fort Ranikot Fort Naukot Fort Sehwan Fort Qasim Fort Pacco Qillo Umarkot Fort Sibi Fort Kalan Kot Fort Kacha Qila |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Mir Abbas Ali Khan Talpur |
Rai dynasty (480–632 AD) edit
Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are:
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ranaditya Satya | 480 AD – Unknown | Gained independence from Sassanian Empire |
| Rai Diwaji | Unknown | |
| Rai Sahiras II | Unknown | |
| Rai Sahasi II | Unknown – 632 AD |
Brahmin dynasty (632–712 AD) edit
The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:[1]
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chach | r. c. 632 – 671 | |
| Chandar | r. c. 671 – 679 | |
| Dāhir | r. c. 679 – 712 | Ruled from Alor |
Vilayet As-Sindh (Umayyad Caliphate) (712–750 AD) edit
In 712, Sind was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. The emirs appointed by the caliphate are as below;
| Name | Years | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi | 711–715 | Conquered Sind. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi[2] |
| Habib ibn al-Muhallab al-Azdi | 715–717 | Appointed either by the caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik or by Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman[3] |
| Abd al-Malik ibn Misma | from 717 | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by the governor of Basra, Adi ibn Artah al-Fazari[4] |
| Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili | to 720 | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by Adi ibn Artah[5] |
| Ubaydallah ibn Ali al-Sulami | from 721 | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari[6] |
| Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri | to 726 | Appointed by Umar ibn Hubayra[7] |
| Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi | from 726 | Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri[8] |
| Al-Hakam ibn Awana | to 740 | Appointed by Khalid ibn Abdallah[9] |
| Amr ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi | 740–744 | Son of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi[10] |
| Yazid ibn Irar al-Kalbi(?) | 740s | Name and details of governorship given variously in the sources. See especially this note[11] |
| Mughallis al-Abdi | 751(?) | Appointed either by the caliph al-Saffah or by the governor of Khurasan, Abu Muslim[12] |
| Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi | 747–750 | Initially took Sind as an anti-Umayyad rebel, then confirmed as governor by the Abbasids[13] |
Vilayet As-Sindh (Abbasid Caliphate)(750–861 AD) edit
| Name | Years | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi | 750–751 | |
| Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi | 752–754 | Appointed either by al-Saffah or by Abu Muslim[14] |
| 'Uyaynah ibn Musa al-Tamimi | 754–760 | Son of Musa ibn Ka'b, who appointed him[15] |
| Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard | 760–768 | Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by the caliph al-Mansur[16] |
| Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi | 768–774 | Appointed by al-Mansur[17] |
| Bistam ibn Amr al-Taghlibi | 774(?) | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Brother of Hisham ibn Amr, who appointed him[18] |
| Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil al-Tamimi | 774-775/6 | Variant name given by Ibn Khayyat. Appointed by al-Mansur[19] |
| Muhammad ibn Ma'bad al-Tamimi | 775(?) | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil, who he succeeded as governor[20] |
| Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi | 776–778 | Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by the caliph al-Mahdi[21] |
| Nasr ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i | 778–781 | Appointed by al-Mahdi[22] |
| Al-Zubayr ibn al-'Abbas | 781(?) | Not listed by Ibn Khayyat. Never went to Sind. Appointed by al-Mahdi[23] |
| Sufyah ibn Amr al-Taghlibi(?) | 781–782 | Name given variously in the sources. Brother of Hisham ibn Amr. Appointed by al-Mahdi[24] |
| Layth ibn Tarif | 782–785 | Appointed by al-Mahdi[25] |
| Muhammad ibn Layth | 785–786 | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Layth ibn Tarif. Appointed during the caliphate of al-Hadi[26] |
| Layth ibn Tarif | from 786 | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Re-appointed, this time by the caliph al-Rashid[27] |
| Salim al-Yunusi/Burnusi | 780s | Salim's nisbah is given variously in the sources. Appointed by al-Rashid[28] |
| Ibrahim ibn Salim al-Yunusi/Burnusi | 780s | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Salim, who he succeeded as governor[29] |
| Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi | from 790 | First cousin twice removed of al-Rashid, who appointed him[30] |
| Muhammad ibn Tayfur al-Himyari(?) | 790s | Name given variously in the sources. Appointed by al-Rashid[31] |
| Kathir ibn Salm al-Bahili | 790s | Grandson of Qutayba ibn Muslim. Deputy governor for his brother Sa'id ibn Salm[32] |
| Muhammad ibn Adi al-Taghlibi | 790s | Nephew of Hisham ibn Amr. Appointed by the governor of Basra, 'Isa ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi[33] |
| Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman | 790s | Appointed either by al-Rashid or by Muhammad ibn Adi[34] |
| Abdallah ibn Ala al-Dabbi | 790s | Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman[29] |
| Ayyub ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi | to 800 | Second cousin once removed of al-Rashid, who appointed him[34] |
| Dawud ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi | 800–820 | Last governor listed by Ibn Khayyat. Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by al-Rashid[35] |
| Bishr ibn Dawud al-Muhallabi | 820–826 | Son of Dawud ibn Yazid, who he succeeded as governor. Confirmed in office by the caliph al-Ma'mun[36] |
| Hajib ibn Salih | 826 | Appointed by al-Ma'mun[37] |
| Ghassan ibn Abbad | 828–831 | Appointed by al-Ma'mun[38] |
| Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki | 831–836 | Member of the Barmakid family. Appointed by Ghassan ibn Abbad[39] |
| Imran ibn Musa al-Barmaki | from 836 | Son of Musa ibn Yahya, who he succeeded as governor[40] |
| Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi | 840s | Deputy governor for Itakh al-Turki[41] |
| Harun ibn Abi Khalid al-Marwrudhi | to 854 | Appointed by the caliph al-Mutawakkil[42] |
| Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari | 854–861 |
Appointed by the caliph al-Mutawakkil |
Habbari dynasty (861–1010 AD) edit
The Habbari rulers stylised themselves as Emirs. Note: the dates below are only approximate.[43]
| Title | Name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amir امیر |
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al Habbari عمر بن عبدالعزيز الحباري |
861–884 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Abdullah ibn Umar al Habbari عبدالله بن عمر الحباري |
884–913 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Umar ibn Abdullah al Habbari عمر بن عبدالله الحباري |
913–943 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al Habbari محمد بن عبدالله الحباري |
943–973 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Ali ibn Umar al Habbari علي بن عمر الحباري |
973–987 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Isa bin Ali al Habbari عيسيٰ بن علي الحباري |
987–987 AD | |
| Amir امیر |
Manbi ibn Ali al Habbari منبي ابن علي الحباري |
987–1010 AD | |
| the Emirs of Sindh were nominally allegiant to the Abbasid Caliphs throughout their rule. | |||
Soomra dynasty (1010–1351 AD) edit
The list of Soomra rulers is as follows;
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Sardar سردار |
Khafif I bin Rao Soomar خفيف اول بن رائو سومر |
1010–1026 |
| Sardar سردار |
Soomar bin Rao Soomar سومر بن رائو سومر |
1026–1053 |
| Sardar سردار |
Bhungar I bin Khafif I Soomro ڀونگر اول بن خفيف اول |
1053–1068 |
| Sardar سردار |
Dodo I bin Bhungar I Soomro دودو اول بن ڀونگر اول سومرو |
1068–1092 |
| Sardarni سردارني |
Zainab Tari binte Dodo I Soomro زينب تاري بنت دودو اول سومرو |
1092–1098 |
| Sardar سردار |
Sanghar bin Dodo I Soomro سانگهڙ بن دودو اول سومرو |
1098–1107 |
| Sardarni سردارني |
Hamun Soomro همون سومرو |
1107–1107 |
| Sardar سردار |
Khafif II bin Soomar bin Dodo I Soomro خفيف دوم بن سومر بن دودو اول سومرو |
1107–1142 |
| Sardar سردار |
Umar I bin Soomar bin Dodo I Soomro عمر اول بن سومر بن دودو اول سومرو |
1142–1181 |
| Sardar سردار |
Dodo II bin Khafif II Soomro دودو دوم بن خفيف دوم سومرو |
1181–1195 |
| Sardar سردار |
Bhungar II bin Chanesar bin Hamir bin Dodo I Soomro ڀونگر دوم بن چنيسر بن حمير بن دودو اول سومرو |
1195–1222 |
| Sardar سردار |
Chanesar I bin Bhungar II Soomro چنيسر اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو |
1222–1228 (1st reign) |
| Sardar سردار |
Ganhwar I bin Bhungar II Soomro گنهور اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو |
1228–1236 (1st reign) |
| Sardar سردار |
Chanesar I bin Bhungar II Soomro چنيسر اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو |
1236–1237 (2nd reign) |
| Sardar سردار |
Ganhwar I bin Bhungar II Soomro گنهور اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو |
1237–1241 (2nd reign) |
| Sardar سردار |
Muhammad Tur bin Ganhwar I Soomro محمد طور بن گنهور اول سومرو |
1241–1256 |
| Sardar سردار |
Ganhwar II bin Muhammad Tur Soomro گنهور دوم بن محمد طور سومرو |
1256–1259 |
| Sardar سردار |
Dodo III bin Ganhwar II Soomro دودو تہائی بن گنهور دوم سومرو |
1259–1273 |
| Sardar سردار |
Tai bin Dodo III Soomro طائي بن دودو تہائی سومرو |
1273–1283 |
| Sardar سردار |
Chanesar II bin Dodo III Soomro چنيسر دوم بن دودو تہائی سومرو |
1283–1300 |
| Sardar سردار |
Bhungar III bin Chanesar II Soomro ڀونگر تہائی بن چنيسر دوم سومرو |
1300–1315 |
| Sardar سردار |
Khafif III bin Chanesar II Soomro خفيف تہائی بن چنيسر دوم سومرو |
1315–1333 |
| Sardar سردار |
Dodo IV bin Chanesar II Soomro دودو چہارم بن چنيسر دوم سومرو |
1333–1336 |
| Sardar سردار |
Umar II bin Dodo IV Soomro عمر دوم چہارم بن دودو سومرو |
1336–?? |
| Sardar سردار |
Bhungar IV bin Dodo IV Soomro ڀونگر چہارم بن دودو چہارم سومرو |
??–?? |
| Sardar سردار |
Hamir bin Dodo IV Soomro حمير بن دودو سومرو |
??–1351 |
| the last three Sardars (signified by green rows) ruled only the Lower Sindh while the Upper Sindh was ruled by Sammas | ||
Samma dynasty (1336–1524 AD) edit
The Samma dynasty which was a Muslim dynasty of Sindh who succeeded Soomras took the title Jam, the equivalent of Sultan. The main sources of information on the Samma dynasty are Nizammud-din, Abu-'l-Fazl, Firishta and Mir Ma'sum, all lacking in detail, and with conflicting information. A plausible reconstruction of the chronology[45] is given in the History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed:[46]
| Jam | Titular name | Reign | Descent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | |||
| Juno | Jam Junan Ibn Bambhina | 1336 | 1340 | Founder of Dynasty |
| Unar | Jam Feroz Shah Unar | 1340 | 1352 | Brother of Junan |
| Banhabina | Jam Babinoh Sadr al-Din | 1352 | 1367 | Son of 'Junan |
| Tamachi | Jam Khair al-Din Tamachi | 1367 | 1379 | Son of 'Unar |
| Salahuddin | Jam Salah-ad-Din | 1379 | 1389 | Son of Jam Tamachi |
| Nizamuddin | Jam Nizam al-Din I | 1389 | 1391 | Son of Jam Salahuddin |
| Ali Sher | Jam Ali Sher | 1391 | 1398 | Son of Jam Tamachi |
| Karn | Karan | 1398 | 1398 | |
| Fath Khan | Jam Fateh Khan bin Sikandar | 1398 | 1415 | Nephew of Karan |
| Tughlaq | Jam Tughlaq bin Sikandar | 1415 | 1442 | Brother of Fath Khan |
| Mubarak | 1442 | 1442 | (usurper) | |
| Sikandar | 1442 | 1444 | Son of Jam Tughlaq | |
| Raidhan | 1444 | 1453 | ||
| Sanjar | Jam Sanjar Sadr al-Din | 1453 | 1461 | |
| Nizamuddin II | Jam Nizam al-Din II | 1461 | 1508 | |
| Ferozuddin | Jam Nasir al-Din Firuz Shah | 1508 | 1524 | Son of Jam Nizamuddin II |
Arghun dynasty (1520–1554 AD) edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Shah شاه |
Shuja Beg Arghun شجاع بيگ ارغون |
1520–1524 AD |
| Shah شاه |
Husayn Beg Arghun حسين بيگ ارغون |
1524–1554 AD |
Tarkhan dynasty (1554–1593 AD) edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| After civil war in Sindh between the King Shah Husayn Arghun and his nobles under Mirza Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan the Tarkhan dynasty was victorious and began to rule over Sindh. | ||
| Mirza میرزا |
Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan محمد عیسیٰ ترخان |
1554–1567 AD |
| Mirza میرزا |
Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan محمد بقی ترخان |
1567–1585 AD |
| Mirza میرزا |
Jani Beg Tarkhan جانی بیگ ترخان |
1585–1593 AD |
Thatta Subah (Mughal Empire) (1593–1737 AD) edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign | Serving Monarch | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Rao Patar Das Khattari راؤ پتر داس کھٹاری |
1593–1594 | Akbar اکبر |
Removed due to unpopularity among locals. |
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan میرزا جانی بیگ ترخان |
1594–1601 | Akbar اکبر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mirza Ghazi Beg Tarkhan میرزا غازی بیگ ترخان |
1601–1612 | Akbar اکبر Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri مظفرخان میرعبدالرزاق ماموری |
1612–1614 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mirza Rustam Safavi میرزا رستم صفوی |
1614–1615 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Taj Khan Tash Beg Qurchi تاج خان تاش بیگ قرچی |
1614–1615 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Hamsher Khan Arsalan Beg Uzbek همشیرخان ارسلان بیگ ازبک |
1615–1617 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khan-i-Dauran Shah Beg Khan Arghun خان دوران شاه بیگ خان ارغون |
1617–1617 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri مظفرخان میرعبدالرزاق ماموری |
1617–1618 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khan-i-Dauran Shah Beg Arghun خان دوران شاه بیگ خان ارغون |
1618–1619 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mustafa Khan Sayyid Bayazid Bukhari مصطفی خان سید بایزید بخاری |
1619–1623 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
Scion of the Uch's Bukhari clan, he first served as the Faujdar of Bukkur. He was granted 2,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry as well. Also written as Syed Bazayd Bukhari. |
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar سلف الدین محمد شہریار |
1623–1626 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Abu Saeed ابو سعید |
1626–1627 | Jahangir جہانگیر |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Muhammad Isa Khan Tarkhan II محمد عیسیٰ خان ترخان دوم |
1627–1628 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sher Khwaja Baqi Khan شیر خواجہ باقی خان |
1628–1628 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mir Hussain al-Din Murtaza Khan Anju میر حسین الدین مرتضیٰ خان انجو |
1628–1629 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqi امیر خان میر ابوالباقی |
1629–1631 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Yusuf Muhammad Khan Tashqandi یوسف محمد خان تاشقندی |
1631–1635 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khawas Khan Daulat Khan Mayi خواص خان دولت خان مائی |
1635–1640 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khwaja Tamar Ghayrat Khan خواجہ تمر غیرت خان |
1640–1641 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Shad Khan شاد خان |
1641–1643 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqi امیر خان میر ابوالباقی |
1643–1647 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mughal Khan مغل خان |
1647–1649 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Muhi al-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب | 1649–1653 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sardar Khan Shahjahani سردار خان شاہجہانی |
1653–1653 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Zafar Khan Khwaja Ahsanullah ظفر خان خواجہ احسن اللہ | 1653–1655 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mirza Sipihr Shikoh مرزا سپہر شکوہ | 1655–1658 | Shah Jahan شاہ جہاں |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Qabad Khan Mir Akhur قباد خان میر اخور | 1658–1660 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Yadgar Beg Lashkar Khan یادگار بیگ لشکر خان | 1660–1662 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی | 1662–1664 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Ghazanfar Khan غضنفر خان |
1664–1666 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی | 1666–1669 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Abu Nusrat Khan ابو نصرت خان | 1669–1671 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Saadat Khan سعادت خان |
1671–1673 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی | 1673–1679 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khana Zaad Khan خانہ زاد خان |
1679–1683 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sardar Khan سردار خان |
1683–1687 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Murid Khan مرید خان |
1687–1689 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Zabardast Khan زبردست خان |
1689–1689 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Abu Nusrat Khan ابو نصرت خان | 1689–1691 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Hifzullah Khan حفظ اللہ خان |
1691–1701 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Saeed Khan سعید خان |
1701–1702 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mir Amin al-Din Khan Husayn میر امین الدین خان حسین |
1702–1703 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Yusuf Khan Tirmizi یوسف خان ترمذی |
1703–1704 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Ahmad Yar Khan احمد یار خان |
1704–1707 | Aurangzeb اورنگزیب |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur سعید عطر خان بہادر |
1707–1709 | Azam Shah اعظم شاہ Bahadur Shah I بہادر شاہ اول |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mahin Khan ماہین خان |
1709–1711 | Bahadur Shah I بہادر شاہ اول |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Shakir Khan شاکر خان |
1711–1712 | Bahadur Shah I بہادر شاہ اول |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mahin Khan ماہین خان |
1712–1712 | Jahandar Shah جہاندر شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Khwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan خواجہ محمد خلیل خان |
1712–1713 | Jahandar Shah جہاندر شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur سعید عطر خان بہادر |
1713–1714 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیار |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Yaqub Kashmiri یعقوب کشمیری |
1714–1714 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیار |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mir Muhammad Shujaat Khan Shafi میر محمد شجاعت خان شفیع | 1714–1715 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیار |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mir Lutf Ali Khan میر لطف علی خان |
1715–1719 | Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیار |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Azam Khan اعظم خان |
1719–1719 | Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدراجات |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Mahabat Khan محبت خان |
1719–1722 | Shah Jahan II شاہ جہاں دوم Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sultan Mahmud Khan سلطان محمود خان |
1722–1724 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Saifullah Khan سیف اللہ خان |
1724–1730 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sadiq Ali Khan صادق علی خان |
1730–1730 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Dilerdil Khan دلیردل خان |
1730–1732 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Himmet Dilerdil Khan ہمت دلیردل خان |
1732–1736 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
|
| Subahdar صوبہدار |
Sadiq Ali Khan صادق علی خان |
1736–1737 | Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
Deposed by Mian Noor Kalhoro who became the Nawab of Sindh. |
Kalhora dynasty (1737–1783 AD) edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Nawab نواب |
Mian Noor Muhammad Khan Kalhoro میاں نور محمد خان کلہوڑو |
1737–1755 AD |
| Nawab نواب |
Mian Muradyad Muhammad Khan Kalhoro میاں مرادیاب محمد خان کلہوڑو |
1755–1757 AD |
| Nawab نواب |
Mian Ghulam Muhammad Shah Kalhoro میاں غلام محمد شاہ کلہوڑو |
1757–1772 AD |
| Nawab نواب |
Mian Sarfaraz Muhammad Khan Kalhoro میاں سرفراز محمد خان کلہوڑو |
1772–1775 AD |
| Nawab نواب |
Mian Abdul Nabi Muhammad Khan Kalhoro میاں حاجی عبدالنبی محمد خان کلہوڑو |
1775–1783 AD |
Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 AD) edit
Shahdadani Talpurs of Hyderabad edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Mir میر |
Fateh Ali Khan Talpur فتح علی خان تالپور |
1783–1801 |
| Mir میر |
Ghulam Ali Khan Talpur غلام علی خان تالپور |
1801–1811 |
| Mir میر |
Karam Ali Khan Talpur کرم علی خان تالپور |
1811–1828 |
| Mir میر |
Murad Ali Khan Talpur مراد علی خان تالپور |
1828–1833 |
| Mir میر |
Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur نور محمد خان تالپور |
1833–1840 |
| Mir میر |
Naseer Muhammad Khan Talpur نصیر محمد خان تالپور |
1840–1843 |
Sohrabani Talpurs of Khairpur edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Mir میر |
Sohrab Ali Khan Talpur سہراب علی خان تالپور |
1783–1811 |
| Mir میر |
Rustam Ali Khan Talpur رستم علی خان تالپور |
1811–1842 |
| Mir میر |
Ali Murad Khan Talpur علی مراد خان تالپور |
1842–1894 |
| Mir میر |
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur فیض محمد خان تالپور |
1894 – 5 March 1909 |
| Mir میر |
Imam Bakhsh Khan Talpur امام بخش خان تالپور |
5 March 1909 – 8 February 1921 |
| Mir میر |
Ali Nawaz Khan Talpur علی نواز خان تالپور |
8 February 1921 – 25 December 1935 |
| Mir میر |
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II فیض محمد خان تالپور دوم |
25 December 1935 – 19 July 1947 |
| Mir میر |
George Ali Murad Khan Talpur II جارج علی مراد خان تالپور دوم |
19 July 1947 – 10 November 1954 |
Manikani Talpurs of Mirpur Khas edit
| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Mir میر |
Tharo Ali Khan Talpur تھارو علی خان تالپور |
1783 – 1806 |
| Mir میر |
Ali Murad Khan Talpur علی مراد خان تالپور |
1806 – 1829 |
| Mir میر |
Sher Muhammad Khan Talpur شیر محمد خان تالپور |
1829 – 1843 |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Wink, André (1991). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9004095098.
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 345–7, 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 304–7, 310, 318; al-Baladhuri, pp. 216–25; al-Tabari, v. 23: p. 149; Crone, p. 135
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 318; al-Baladhuri, p. 225; Crone, p. 141. Habib either was dismissed or resigned, since he remained alive until 102/720; al-Tabari, v. 24: pp. 134–7
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 322
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 322, 333; al-Baladhuri, p. 225
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 333; Crone, p. 146
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 379–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 333, 359; al-Baladhuri, pp. 226–7; Crone, pp. 98; 147
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 380; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 359; al-Baladhuri, p. 227-8; Crone, p. 148. Al-Ya'qubi and al-Baladhuri both give his nisbah as al-'Utbi. According to Khalifah ibn Khayyat, he was dismissed from office
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 380, 388–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359; al-Baladhuri; pp. 228–9; Crone, p. 147
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 389–90, 399–400; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359, 366; al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200
- ^ In al-Ya'qubi, pp. 399–400, 407, this individual is named as Yazid ibn Irar (although the editor, p. 389, notes variant readings, including Izzan) and is said to have replaced 'Amr ibn Muhammad as governor in the reign of al-Walid ibn Yazid; he remained as governor until Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi arrived in Sind and killed him. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 357, calls him Muhammad ibn Irar al-Kalbi and claims he became governor on an interim basis, after the death of al-Hakam ibn Awana; subsequently he was dismissed in 122/740 by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi, and replaced with Amr. All this is said to have taken place during the reign of Hisham. Al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200, calls him "Muhammad ibn Ghazzan – or Izzan – al-Kalbi" and states that he was appointed to succeed Amr in 126/744 by the governor of Iraq, Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi, in the reign of Yazid ibn al-Walid; he does not specify Muhammad's fate.
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 407; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 407, 429; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 195, 198, 203; Crone, p. 158
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 429, 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 413, 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 27: p. 203-04; v. 28: p. 75; Crone, p. 186
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 447-8; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 75, 77–8; Crone, p. 186. According to both al-Ya'qubi and al-Tabari, 'Uyaynah's rebellion occurred in the year 142/759
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 231, who however places 'Umar's governorship after Hisham ibn 'Amr's; al-Tabari, v. 28: p. 78; v. 27: pp. 51–55; Crone, p. 134
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 448–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, pp. 230–1; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 51, 54–6, 68, 77, 79; Crone, pp. 167–8
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; Crone, p. 168. Al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 180, 193, however, says that Bistam was governor after the death of Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil until the arrival of Rawh ibn Hatim to Sind, although he also claims (p. 172) that Rawh was appointed as governor immediately following Ma'bad's death. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448, mentions Bistam as Hisham ibn Amr's deputy in al-Mansurah, but makes no mention of him as a full governor.
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 449; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433, where however he is named as Sa'id ibn al-Khalil (which the editor notes is a possible error); al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 79, 80, 172. Ibn Khayyat says that he died in the reign of al-Mansur, while al-Tabari claims that he died in 159/776, in the reign of al-Mahdi.
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 433 (where he is named as Muhammad ibn Sa'id), 440 (where he is Muhammad ibn Ma'bad)
- ^ al-Ya'qubi, p. 479; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 195, 203, who however places Rawh's appointment in 160/777; Crone, p. 134
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 479–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 203, 216, 218; Crone, p. 185
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari v. 29: p. 219, who all give different names for this individual; Crone, p. 168
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: p. 222; Crone, p. 192
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 446
- ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 192
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 194
- ^ a b Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 109
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 493–4, where however he is named as Tayfur ibn 'Abdallah ibn Mansur al-Himyari; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; p. 195
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 137
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 168
- ^ a b Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 494, 532; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 173; v. 32: p. 106; Crone, p. 135
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557–8; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 106, 175, 179, 189; Crone, p. 135
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 175
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 179–80, 189
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557, 585; al-Baladhuri, pp. 231–2. Al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 189, says that Imran was appointed as chief financial officer of Sind by Ghassan, and does not mention Imran's father Musa
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 585, 593, who says that 'Anbasah was appointed in the caliphate of al-Wathiq (842–847) and stayed in Sind for nine years; al-Baladhuri, p. 218, who claims that he was governor during the reign of al-Mu'tasim (833–842)
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 593, 599; al-Baladhuri, p. 219
- ^ "Chapter No. 1: History and Geography of al-Mansurah" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
- ^ Siddiqui, Dr. Habibullah. "The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule" (PDF). Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh.
- ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 224.
- ^ [History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed (p240), 2005 ISBN 81-261-1830-X, 9788126118304]
External links edit
- Islamic culture – Page 429, by Islamic Culture Board
- A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, by William Erskine
- The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of K̲h̲wājah Nizāmuddīn Ahmad: a history of India, by Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, Brajendranath De, Baini Prashad
- Bibliotheca Indica – Page 778, by Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India)
- Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan, by Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri
- The Delhi Sultanate, by Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Asoke Kumar Majumdar,