Stropharia rugosoannulata
Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap stropharia, "garden giant", burgundy mushroom or king stropharia (Japanese: saketsubatake), is an agaric of the family Strophariaceae found in Europe and North America, and introduced to Australia and New Zealand.
| Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Strophariaceae |
| Genus: | Stropharia |
| Species: | S. rugosoannulata |
| Binomial name | |
| Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex Murrill (1922) |
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Geophila rugosoannulata (Farl. ex Murrill) Kühner & Romagn. (1953) |
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| Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
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gills on hymenium |
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cap is convex or flat |
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hymenium is adnate |
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stipe has a ring |
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spore print is purple |
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ecology is saprotrophic |
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edibility: choice |
Unlike many other members of the genus Stropharia, it is widely regarded as a choice edible and cultivated for food.
The king stropharia can grow to 20 cm high with a reddish-brown convex to flattening cap up to 30 cm across, the size leading to another colloquial name godzilla mushroom.[2] The gills are initially pale, then grey, and finally dark purple-brown in colour. The firm flesh is white, as is the tall stem which bears a wrinkled ring. This is the origin of the specific epithet which means "wrinkled-ringed".[3]
It is found on wood chips and bark mulch across North America in summer and autumn. Described as very tasty by some authors, king stropharia is easily cultivated on a medium similar to that on which it grows naturally. Antonio Carluccio recommends sautéeing them in butter or grilling them.[2]
In Paul Stamets' book Mycelium Running, a study done by Christiane Pischl showed that the king stropharia makes an excellent garden companion to corn. The fungus also has a European history of being grown with corn.
A 2006 study, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, found the king stropharia to have the ability to attack the nematode Panagrellus redivivus; the fungus produces unique spiny cells called acanthocytes which are able to immobilise and digest the nematodes.[4] See nematophagous fungus.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ "Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl. ex Murrill 1922". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- ^ a b Carluccio A (2003). The Complete Mushroom Book. Quadrille. ISBN 1-84400-040-0.
- ^ Pacioni G (1981). Simon & Schusters Guide to Mushrooms. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-42849-7.
- ^ Hong Luo; Xuan Li; Guohong Li; Yanbo Pan & Keqin Zhang (2006). "Acanthocytes of Stropharia rugosoannulata Function as a Nematode-Attacking Device". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (4): 2982–7. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2982-2987.2006. PMC 1449000
. PMID 16598005.
Cited literatureEdit
- Phillips, Roger (1991). Mushrooms of North America. Little, Brown & Co. ISBN 0-316-70613-2.
- Zadrazil, Frantisek and Joachim Schliemann: "Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie und Anbautechnik von Stropharia rugosoannulata (Farlow ex Murr.)" in: Der Champignon Nr.163, March 1975