Stanisław hrabia Hutten-Czapski, of Leliwa (b. 1779 in Nyasvizh, d. 1844 in Kėdainiai)[1][2][3] was a Polish Count, who later became a decorated Colonel during the Napoleonic wars. He was the son of Franciszek Stanisław Hutten-Czapski, the governor of Chełmno[3] and Veronica Radziwill (1754-Unknown), sister of Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł.[3]
Early life edit
Stanisław and his brother Karol spent their childhood at the Nesvizh Castle with their uncle Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, the wealthiest magnate of Poland and Lithuania.[citation needed] They were then educated by Piarist Fathers in a college in Vilnius.[citation needed]
Napoleonic Wars edit
Stanisław Hutten-Czapski was in the Polish Legions.[1]
Invasion of Russia of 1812 edit
In July, 1812, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte appointed Stanisław as Colonel and commander of the 22nd Lithuanian Infantry Regiment.[1][2][4] With it, he partook in the beginning of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, fighting bravely in the battle of Kaidanava, for which he was awarded Virtuti Militari.[5] During Napoleon's retreat from Russia, Stanisław fought in the battle of Berezina.[6]
German Campaign of 1813 edit
During the German Campaign of 1813, Czapski fought in the Battle of Dresden with his regiment and was awarded the French Legion of Honour for his conduct.[1][5] He later fought in the Battle of Hanau in October 1813, in which his close friend Prince Dominik Hieronim Radzivil was killed.[5]
Estates edit
The Tsarist authorities confiscated his Lithuanian Estates, but later Stanisław and his brother Karol were amnestied by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and their properties in Lithuania were returned to them.[citation needed]
Stanisław's Lakhva estate was destroyed during the war.[citation needed] He received the Kėdainiai estate in Lithuania as part of his maternal inheritance from the Radziwills.[5] He established himself in Swojatycze, near Minsk, and dedicated himself to agricultural activities, hunting, and purchasing and selling properties.[citation needed] From 1827 to 1844, the count lived in the manor house which he established by the Dotnuvėlė stream near Kėdainiai.[1] Here he took care of agriculture, forestry and raising horses.[1] At the end of his life, he found himself in economic difficulties.[5] He died in 1844.[1] After his death, his eldest son Marian inherited the estate.[1]
Personal life edit
In 1810 Stanisław Czapski married Sophia (1797-1866),[3] the daughter of the Castellan of Minsk, Michała Obuchowicza (1760-1818),[7] and had four children: Michalina, Marian, Adolf and Edward.[3][1] Stanisław's brother Karol married Sophia's sister, Fabianna Obuchowicza (1787-1876).[8]
Decorations edit
- Polish Virtuti Militari 3rd class[9][3]
- French Legion of Honor[3][5]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Kėdainiai region museum 2020, p. 34.
- ^ a b Chwalczewski & Dąbrowski 1938, p. 194.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Stanislaw Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa". sejm-wielki. Marek Jerzy Minakowski.
- ^ Nawrot 2008, p. 488.
- ^ a b c d e f Czapska, Maria ( translated from the French by Alasdair Lean) (2014). A Family of Central Europe : Through the Storm. Buenos Aires-Krakow: Wyd. Znak and Czapski Editors. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9788324029891.
- ^ Bielecki 1990, pp. 22–24.
- ^ "Michał Obuchowicz h. Incl". sejm-wielki. Marek Minakowski.
- ^ "Fabianna Obuchowicz h. Incl". sejm-wielki. Marek Minakowski.
- ^ Wesolowski, Zdzislaw (1992). The Order of the Virtuti Militari and Its Cavaliers, 1792-1992. Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski Dr. p. 101. ISBN 9780937527016.
Bibliography edit
- Kėdainiai region museum (2020). Kėdainiai - Istorija [Kėdainiai - History] (PDF) (in Lithuanian).
- Bielecki, Robert (1990). Berezina 1812. MON. ISBN 9788311078314.
- Chwalczewski, Jerzy; Dąbrowski, Ignacy (1938). "CZAPSKI HUTTEN Stanisław (1779-1844)". Polish Biographical Dictionary. Vol. IV. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętnośc.
- Nawrot, Dariusz (2008). Litwa i Napoleon w 1812 roku [Lithuania and Napoleon in 1812]. Uniwersytet Slaski. ISBN 9788322617489.