Ryoo Seung-wan (born December 15, 1973) is a South Korean film director. He made his debut in 1996 with the short film 'Dangerous Head', then worked as a director under director Park Chan-wook, took film lessons, and made his feature film debut in 2000 with Die Bad. In 2000, he received the Blue Dragon Film Awards for Best New Director, drawing attention from the film industry. Ryoo Seung-wan is called Korea's 'action kid' for his unique action and rough life style, and he directed films such as Crying Fist and The Battleship Island.

Ryoo Seung-wan
Ryoo Seung-wan in 2008
Born (1973-12-15) December 15, 1973 (age 50)
Occupation(s)Film director
Screenwriter
Actor
Years active1996-present
EmployerFilmmaker R&K
SpouseKang Hye-jung
FamilyRyoo Seung-bum (brother)
Korean name
Hangul
류승완
Hanja
Revised RomanizationRyu Seung-wan
McCune–ReischauerRyu Sŭng-wan

Early life edit

Ryoo Seung-wan was born in 1973 in Onyang, a small town in South Chungcheong Province. With the choice of domestic films mostly limited to propaganda and hostess films due to extreme government censorship, young Ryoo often opted for the more kinetic and free-spirited action films from the Shaw Brothers canon. Watching Jackie Chan's Drunken Master turned him into a lifelong fan, and Ryoo spent his youth building his knowledge of and love for Hong Kong-style action films. Dreaming of becoming a film director someday, he took taekwondo lessons and saved lunch money for three years during middle school to buy an 8mm camera, with which he shot short films.[1][2]

Career edit

Early years edit

Ryoo became his family's sole breadwinner after he lost his parents while in middle school.[3] He later dropped out of high school in 1992 and worked for six months to raise enough money to cover a year's worth of basic living expenses for his family. After that he joined a private film workshop, and paid his tuition through several part-time jobs: as a construction worker, hotel janitor, vegetable cart driver, and even an instructor at an illegal driving school. Ryoo, a fan of a young unknown director named Park Chan-wook's 1992 debut The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream and his work as a critic, went to meet Park and the two quickly became friends. Those formative years also saw Ryoo's debut as a 'real' director, with the 1996 short Transmutated Head. The 19-minute short's DP was Jang Joon-hwan (then a young film academy student), and it featured many familiar faces in the Korean indie scene, including character actor Heo Jong-soo and Lee Mu-young (future director of The Humanist).[1]

With a few years of experience as assistant director on Whispering Corridors and Park's 1997 film Trio, Ryoo was ready to jumpstart his own career. Ryoo's debut was initially planned as a full-fledged feature film, but various issues forced him to instead shoot separate short films sharing common characters and themes. In 1998 his short film Rumble won him the Best Film at the 1998 Busan Short Film Festival, and a year later he signed a contract to develop a feature film out of Rumble and three following sequels, one of which was his short Modern Man, which was not only the audience's favorite, but also won Best Film at a Short Film Festival in 1999.

From 1996 to 1999, Ryoo shot four low-budget short films starring himself, his younger brother Seung-bum, and several friends. In strikingly diverse styles but with a common narrative, these shorts were re-edited, combined and released in 2000 as Ryoo Seung-wan's feature directorial debut Die Bad. The four shorts, shot on an ultra-low budget of around ₩65 million, became Ryoo's first feature film: Die Bad.[1] In an era when blockbusters like Shiri and Joint Security Area were the rage in Korean cinema, the action dramedy became an instant sensation. Starring in the film himself along with some industry friends and even his little brother Ryoo Seung-bum, Ryoo became an instant cult hit, praised left and right for his masterful debut.[2] Critically acclaimed as powerfully visceral, gut-wrenching, and searingly angry, the film became an instant cult hit, earning attention for the Ryoo brothers.[4] One review described Ryoo Seung-bum's acting debut as "a startling, naturalistic turn,"[5] and he won Best New Actor at the Grand Bell Awards. With his directorial debut, Ryoo became known as the "Action Kid."

With the country experiencing tremendous growth in high-speed Internet penetration, a few companies tried to bank on this momentum by producing online short films. In 2000 the now defunct Cine4M website released a short film by Ryoo alongside Jang Jin's A Terrible Day and Kim Jee-woon's Coming Out.[1] Ryoo Seung-wan's follow-up Dachimawa Lee, titled after industry slang ("tachimawari" is a part of Kabuki theater plays that involve spectacular action scenes), the short Dachimawa Lee was a wild and hilarious a 35-minute short film parodying films he grew up with: Korean action films of the 60s and 70s, Bruce Lee and Shaw Brothers flicks, the machismo kitsch Korean melodramas, and of course Jackie Chan. Coupling over-the-top voice dubbing with deliberately mistimed action, Dachimawa Lee was an enormous success online, making lead actor Im Won-hee a minor star and the Ryoo Brothers even bigger names.[2] Director Ryoo younger brother Seung-bum played Washington, a young thug with a heart of gold and a huge afro. The short, streamed on the now-defunct Cine4M website, was enormously popular online.[6]

Big expectations often lead to equally big disappointments, which is what industry insiders and critics felt about Ryoo's first real feature film, the gritty action noir No Blood No Tears. The film mixed big stars like Jeon Do-yeon with talented actors from the theater world like Jung Jae-young. Joining Director Ryoo once again was his younger brother Seung-bum, who was starting to make a name for himself in the industry independent of his brother. Misunderstood as a Guy Ritchie or Quentin Tarantino clone, Ryoo's film was an exhilarating mix of all the elements that made Die Bad one of the best debuts films in Chungmuro's recent history, but it also added a nasty streak of ultra-realism. The latter was contributed by Jung Doo-hong, occasionally an actor, but better known as the best action choreographer in the country, whose extreme realism balanced Ryoo's more fantasy-oriented cinematic sensibilities. With No Blood No Tears a flop at the box office, it was a difficult period for Ryoo, who clearly felt betrayed by the same people who had put impossible expectations on his shoulders.[2]

After that disappointment, Ryoo collaborated again with Jung Doo-hong and brother Seung-bum, along with newcomer Yoon So-yi. The four embarked on Arahan, part modern-day wuxia and part local comedy. Despite its commercial success, critics still weren't pleased, continuing to lament the loss of Chungmuro's enfant prodige.[2]

It took another two years for Ryoo to come back, but 2005's Crying Fist was in many ways proof he had matured beyond easy labels and traditional genre boundaries. Ryoo was more than just an action kid. Starring acclaimed veteran actor Choi Min-sik, the film saw the official birth of a new star, Ryoo Seung-bum.[7] Steadily impressing critics and audiences since his debut in 2000, Ryoo displayed amazing energy and range in the film, such that he often overshadowed his older, more prestigious colleague. But the real star of Crying Fist was none other than Ryoo Seung-wan. Finally stripping himself from genre tropes, he was able to draw an incredible emotional portrayal of two people winning the most important boxing game of their life: the match against their own inner demons. More a story of survival than a simple sports drama, Crying Fist opened on April 1, 2005, against Ryoo's old friend Kim Jee-woon's A Bittersweet Life, offering one of the best double-headers of 2005. The two films garnered excellent reviews, but ended up canceling each other at the box office, selling a little over a million tickets a piece.[2][8][9][10][11]

In 2005, Ryoo established Filmmaker R&K with his wife Kang Hye-jeong.[12]

After the success of 2003's If You Were Me, South Korea's National Commission on Human Rights commissioned a second omnibus film in 2006, If You Were Me 2. Five directors — Park Kyung-hee, Jang Jin, Jung Ji-woo, Kim Dong-won and Ryoo — contributed short films on a human rights issue of their choosing. Ryoo's short Hey Man! is almost one complete take of a man (Kim Su-yeon) with multiple prejudices that lead him to cast off every one of his "friends" and fellow patrons who are sharing the communal space of a late night restaurant.[13][14]

In 2006 Seoul Art Cinema organized a special program "Anatomy of Violence: Ryoo Seung-wan's Action School" wherein Ryoo selected 10 films to screen and discuss with participants, including five of his own works. The program aimed to better understand the art of action filmmaking.[3]

Waiting to secure funding for his first zombie film Yacha, Ryoo decided to take his friend Jung Doo-hong for another challenge, making one last salute to the pure action flicks he grew up with and gave him his nickname. The two had some acting experience, Jung mostly in Ryoo's films and Ryoo with Die Bad, a supporting role in Lee Chang-dong's Oasis, and a couple of cameos in Park Chan-wook films. But this was another story: for the first time, Jung and Ryoo would be the stars. Produced under CJ Entertainment, The City of Violence is a low-budget HD action film meant to show the potential of the new technology. As Ryoo described it, The City of Violence is like a Jackie Chan-style pure action film with characters from a Chang Cheh film in a world similar to that of Roman Polanski's Chinatown. The film brings to a final duel the two conflicting philosophies of the longtime partners (the Korean title of the film, Jjakpae, means partner). Fantasy and realism, outlandish technique and brutally raw streetfight-style action, combine to form pure cinematic flow.[2][15]

In 2009 Ryoo directed four mini-movies for the Korea Tourism Organization targeted at the Chinese market. Each movie tells a story that represents the beauty of Korea's travel locations through four themes: Hallyu (Korean movies and dramas), food, shopping and trendy places to visit like Hongdae or Cheongdam-dong. The tourism commercials starred Gao Yuanyuan and Li Guangjie as a Chinese couple, with cameos by Song Seung-heon, Park Hae-jin and Park Eun-hye.[16][17][18]

Then to promote the release of Motorola's new model MOTO Klassic, Ryoo wrote and directed a 22-minute short film starring American-born Japanese martial arts star Kane Kosugi and action choreographer Jung Doo-hong. Titled Timeless and set at Jung's stunt school, the mockumentary-style short eschews the use of CGI in fight scenes and advances the return to old school action.[19][20]

2010 - present edit

His 2010 film The Unjust, a tale about corruption among policemen and prosecutors, received rave reviews for its seamless storytelling interspersed with action sequences, social commentary and powerhouse performances from Hwang Jung-min and brother Seung-bum.[21][22] It was successful at the box office with more than 2.7 million tickets sold, landing it on that year's top ten box office list.

Ryoo's next movie The Berlin File was an espionage thriller about a North Korean spy who is betrayed and cut loose when a weapons deal is exposed. While preparing for the film, Ryoo met with several North Korean defectors and shot the documentary Spies for Korean broadcaster MBC as part of a special series that aired in 2011, intending "to make a realistic, fast-paced, Korean-style espionage action film about South Korean agents discovering North Korea's secret accounts and how political dynamics between the two Koreas get involved." Ryoo said he wanted the film to be reminiscent of The Bourne Identity, and on an emotional level, to focus on the solitude and sorrow of those who live as secret agents.[23] It was shot almost 100% on location in Europe, namely in Berlin, Germany, and Riga, Latvia. The film attracted 7.17 million admissions in early 2013 to become the all-time highest-grossing Korean action film.[24] But because of its big budget, it barely broke even commercially. Ryoo later said that the picture failed to fully connect with younger audiences which know little of the Cold War era, and that "after making such an expensive film, (his) take-away was that (he) needed to make a cheaper one."[25]

In 2015, Ryoo wrote and directed Veteran, an action film about an amoral and powerful third-generation business tycoon doggedly pursued by a detective investigating the mysterious injuries of a truck driver.

Ryoo said, "Because (the movie) is about the world I know and the story about people I know, it was comfortable for me. [...] But my feeling comfortable doesn't mean that the work is easy. It just means that I'm comfortable (working out the troubles). [...] I didn't want the movie to be based on personal revenge, and I want it to show how a person gets justice through the legal system."[26]

Made with a modest budget of ₩6 billion, Veteran became a huge blockbuster at the South Korean box office, attracting 13.3 million admissions and earning US$89.7 million. It is the biggest hit of Ryoo's career and currently the 5th all-time highest-grossing film in Korean cinema history.[27]

His next project was The Battleship Island, set on Hashima Island, an outlying island abandoned by Japan off the coast of Nagasaki, where countless Koreans were drafted into forced labor during World War II. The film follows a group of American OSS agents and Korean independence fighters on a mission to evacuate a key Korean figure from the island.[28]

In 2021, Ryoo directed Escape from Mogadishu, a film based on real events of the Somali Civil War in the 1990s. It depicted details of perilous escape attempt made by North and South Korean embassy personnel stranded during the conflict.[29] The film made with production cost of ₩24 billion was entirely shot in Morocco.[30] It was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards.[31]

Filmmaking edit

Ryoo Seung-wan is called Korea's 'action kid' for his unique action and rough life style.

Ryoo frequently collaborated with film editor Nam Na-yeong. She has edited films Arahan, The City of Violence, and Crying Fist.

Ryoo is known for frequently casting the same actors, with his little brother Ryoo Seung-bum being one of his most frequent collaborators.

Personal life edit

Ryoo is married to Kang Hye-jung, film producer and CEO of their production company Filmmaker R&K. They met when Kang was a crew member on his 1996 short Transmutated Head.

Filmography edit

Music video edit

Music video credits
Year Title Artist Credited as Director Ref.
2007 Ballerino Leessang Yes
2009 The Girl Who Can't Break Up, The Boy Who Can't Leave Yes

Short edit

Short film credits
Year Title Credited as Ref.
English Korean Director Writer Producer Cameo
1996 Transmutated Head 변질헤드 Yes Yes Yes No [32]
1999 Rumble 패싸움 Yes Yes No Yes [33]
1999 Our Contemporaries 현대인 Yes Yes No Yes [34]
2000 Dachimawa Lee 다찌마와 LEE Yes Yes No Yes [35]
2006 Hey Man
short film from If You Were Me 2
남자니까 아시잖아요? Yes No No No [36]
2009 Come to Korea
KTO mini-movie
tourism commercials
한국 놀러오세요 Yes No No No [37]
Timeless
MotoKlassic short film
Yes Yes No Yes [38]
2011 Spies
MBC documentary
Yes No No No
2013 Behind the Camera No No No Yes
TASTEmakers Film Project No No Yes No
2014 Ghost
short film from Mad Sad Bad
Yes No No No

Feature films edit

Feature film credits
Year Title Credited as Ref.
English Korean Director Writer Producer Cameo
1997 Trio Assistant director No No musical instrument store clerk
1998 Whispering Corridors Assistant director No No
1999 Dr. K Assistant director No No
2000 Die Bad 죽거나 혹은 나쁘거나 Yes Yes No Seok-hwan [39]
2002 Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance No No No Chinese restaurant delivery man
Oasis No No No Hong Jong-se
No Blood No Tears 피도 눈물도 없이 Yes Yes No [40]
2004 Arahan 아라한 장풍대작전 Yes Yes No [41]
2005 Sympathy for Lady Vengeance No No passerby
Crying Fist 주먹이 운다 Yes Yes No [42]
2006 The City of Violence 짝패 Yes Yes Yes Yoo Seok-hwan [43]
2008 Dachimawa Lee 다찌마와 리: 악인이여 지옥행 급행열차를 타라! Yes Yes No Yoo Seok-hwan [44]
2010 The Trouble-solving Broker [ko] 해결사 Kwon Hyuk-jae Yes Yes [45]
Battlefield Heroes No No Commando Captain 1
The Unjust 부당거래 Yes No Yes [46]
Mama No No musical director
2013 The Berlin File 베를린 Yes Yes No [47]
2014 Rough Play No No
2014 One Summer Night 인생은 새옹지마 Kim Tae-yong [48]
Mad Sad Bad 신촌좀비만화
  • Ryoo Seung-wan
  • Han Ji-seung
  • Kim Tae-yong
[49]
Top Star No No No Jeonju Film Festival VIP Role
Gyeongju No No No Teacher Kang
2015 Veteran 베테랑 Yes Yes No [50]
2017 The Battleship Island 군함도 Yes Yes No [51]
2019 Svaha: The Sixth Finger 사바하 Jang Jae-hyun No Yes [52]
Exit 엑시트 Lee Sang Geun No Yes [53]
Start-Up 시동 Choi Jeong-yeol No Yes [54]
2021 Escape from Mogadishu 모가디슈 Yes Yes No [55]
2023 Smugglers 밀수 Yes Yes No [56]

Recurring cast members edit

Ryoo frequently re-casts actors whom he has worked with on previous films.

Recurring cast members in Ryoo's works
Actor
Work
Die Bad  Y
No Blood No Tears  Y  Y
Arahan  Y
Crying Fist  Y  Y  Y
The City of Violence  Y
Dachimawa Lee  Y  Y  Y
Battlefield Heroes  Y  Y
The Unjust  Y  Y  Y  Y
The Berlin File  Y
Rough Play  Y  Y
Top Star  Y
Gyeongju  Y
Veteran  Y  Y  Y
The Battleship Island  Y
Svaha: The Sixth Finger
Exit
Start-Up  Y
Escape from Mogadishu  Y
Smugglers  Y

Accolades edit

Awards and nominations edit

Awards and nominations
Year Award Category Recipient Result Ref.
2000 Blue Dragon Film Awards Best New Director Die Bad Won
2010 13th Director's Cut Awards Best Director The Unjust Won [57][58]
2011 2nd Seoul Art and Culture Awards Best Film Director Won [59][60][61]
47th Baeksang Arts Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
20th Buil Film Awards Best Film Nominated [62][63]
Best Director Nominated
44th Sitges Film Festival Best Film (Casa Asia section) Won [64][65]
48th Grand Bell Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
32nd Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Won [66][67][68][69]
Best Director Won
2013
49th Baeksang Arts Awards Best Film The Berlin File Nominated [70][71]
Best Director Nominated
22nd Buil Film Awards Best Director Won
Best Screenplay Nominated
34th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
2015 48th Sitges Film Festival Casa Asia Award
(Asia Focus - Best Film)
Veteran Won [64][72]
35th Korean Association of Film Critics Awards Best Film Nominated [73][74]
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay Nominated
Top 10 Films of the Year Won
15th Korea World Youth Film Festival Most Favorite Film Director Won
52nd Grand Bell Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Nominated
36th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Nominated [75]
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay Nominated
Cine 21 Movie Awards Best Director Won
2nd Korean Film Producers Association Awards Best Director Won
2016 7th KOFRA Film Awards Best Director Won
11th Max Movie Awards Best Film Won
Best Director Won
Best Poster Nominated
10th Asian Film Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Nominated
52nd Baeksang Arts Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director (Film) Won
Best Screenplay (Film) Nominated
25th Buil Film Awards Best Film Won
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Nominated
1st The Seoul Awards Best Film The Battleship Island Nominated [76][77]
Sitges Film Festival Best Feature-length Film Won [78]
37th Korean Association of Film Critics Awards Top 10 Films Won [79]
23rd Chunsa Film Art Awards Best Director Nominated [80]
2021 30th Buil Film Awards Best Film Escape from Mogadishu Won [81][82]
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Won[a]
42nd Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Won [83][84][85][86]
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay Nominated[a]
Korean Association of Film Critics Awards Best Director Won [87]
8th Korean Film Writers Association Awards Best Film Won [88]
2022 58th Baeksang Arts Awards Grand Prize – Film Won [89][90][91]
Best Film Won
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Nominated[a]
Fantasporto Best Orient Express Film Won [92][93]
Chunsa Film Art Awards 2022 Best Director Nominated [94][95][96]
Best Screenplay Nominated[a]
2023 Buil Film Awards Best Director Smugglers Nominated [97]
Best Film Nominated
2023 44th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Won [98]
Best Director Nominated
2023 Grand Bell Awards Best Film Nominated [99]
Best Director Won

State honors edit

Name of country, year given, and name of honor
Country Ceremony Year Honor Or Award Ref.
South Korea Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards[b] 2013 Presidential Commendation [103]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d Ryoo Seung-wan and Lee Ki-cheol
  2. ^ Honors are given at the Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards, arranged by the Korea Creative Content Agency and hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.[100][101] They are awarded to those who have contributed to the arts and South Korea's pop culture.[102]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "K-FILM REVIEWS: 다찌마와 리 (Dajjimawa Lee)". Twitch Film. 7 March 2006. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Ryoo Seung Wan: Korea's Action Kid". YesAsia. 5 October 2006. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  3. ^ a b Park, Soo-mee (27 April 2006). "Film director teaches art of action genre". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved 2012-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ "Ryoo Seung Wan: Korea's Action Kid". YesAsia. 5 October 2006. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  5. ^ Kim, Kyu Hyun. "Die Bad". Koreanfilm.org. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  6. ^ "K-FILM REVIEWS: 다찌마와 리 (Dajjimawa Lee)". Twitch Film. 7 March 2006. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  7. ^ Rowland, Sarah (30 June 2005). "Ring leader". Montreal Mirror. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  8. ^ Noh, James (19 February 2005). "Crying Fist to Premiere in April: Two Ordinary Men on the Brink Fight for Their Lives". The Seoul Times. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  9. ^ Kim, Tae-jong (17 March 2005). "'Crying Fist' Depicts Fight for Hope". The Korea Times via Hancinema. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  10. ^ "K-FILM REVIEWS: 주먹이 운다 (Crying Fist)". Twitch Film. 22 August 2005. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  11. ^ Kim, Kyu Hyun (7 February 2006). "Crying Fist". OhmyNews International. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  12. ^ "류승완 감독의 오늘을 있게 한 이 영화, 기억하시나요". OhmyStar (in Korean). 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  13. ^ "If You Were Me 2". IndieStory. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  14. ^ Hartzell, Adam. "If You Were Me 2". Koreanfilm.org. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  15. ^ Kim, Kyu Hyun (5 February 2008). "City of Violence: Lean and Mean". OhmyNews International. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  16. ^ Lee, Joo-hee (16 September 2009). "Mini promo movies hit China". The Korea Herald via FilmContact. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  17. ^ Kang, Seung-hun (22 September 2009). "Hallyu star Song to promote Korean tourism". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  18. ^ "Gao Yuanyuan: Follow Me in South Korea". CriEnglish. 5 August 2009. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  19. ^ "Ryu Seung-Wan's Timeless is Online!". Twitch Film. 4 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  20. ^ Valentin, Albert (29 July 2010). "TIMELESS (2009)". The Martial Connection. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  21. ^ Lee, Ji-hye (18 November 2010). "INTERVIEW: Director Ryoo Seung-wan - Part 1". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  22. ^ Lee, Ji-hye (18 November 2010). "INTERVIEW: Director Ryoo Seung-wan - Part 2". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  23. ^ Ju, Sung-chul (9 November 2011). "Four leading Korean directors working on overseas projects". Korea Cinema Today. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  24. ^ "The Berlin File Becomes Korea's Top Action Movie". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  25. ^ Frater, Patrick (2 October 2015). "Busan: Ryoo Seung-wan Lines up Sequels to Veteran and The Berlin File". Variety. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  26. ^ Kim, Yeon-ji (7 August 2015). "Director has hope for film industry". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  27. ^ "Veteran Keeps Setting New Records". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  28. ^ Lim, Jeong-yeo (30 September 2015). "Gunhamdo, director Ryoo's next film, to begin shooting next summer". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  29. ^ Kim Ji-hye (June 14, 2021). "'모가디슈' 기대감 높은 이유…류승완의 연출력X덱스터의 기술력" [Reasons for high expectations for 'Mogadishu'... Ryoo Seung-wan's directing ability X Dexter's technology]. SBS Entertainment News. Naver. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  30. ^ Jo Ji-young (June 14, 2021). "[SC초점] '발신제한'→'블랙 위도우'→'모가디슈'까지 여름 텐트폴 완성, 극장 떠난 관객 돌아올까" [[SC Focus] Summer tent poles from 'Send Restriction' → 'Black Widow' → 'Mogadishu', will the audience return from the theater?]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  31. ^ "'모가디슈' 아카데미 국제장편영화 韓영화 대표 선정 [공식]". 스타뉴스 (in Korean). 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  32. ^ "KMDb - Transmutated Head (Byeonjil hedeu)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  33. ^ "KMDb - Rumble (Paessaum)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  34. ^ "KMDb - Our Contemporaries (Hyeondaein)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  35. ^ "KMDb - Dachimawa Lee". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  36. ^ "KMDb - Hey Man (Namja-nikka Ah-shi-janayo)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  37. ^ "KMDb - A". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  38. ^ "KMDb - Time". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  39. ^ "KMDb - Die Bad (Jukkeona Hogeun Nappeugeona)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  40. ^ "KMDb - No Blood No Tears (Pi-do Noon-mul-do Up-shi)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  41. ^ "KMDb - Arahan (Arahan Jangpung Dae-jakjeon)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  42. ^ "KMDb - Crying Fist (Jumeog-i Unda)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  43. ^ "KMDb - The City of Violence (Jjak-pae)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  44. ^ "KMDb - Dachimawa Lee (Dajjimawa Ri : Aginiyeo Jiokhaeng Geuphaengyeolchareul Tara)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  45. ^ "KMDb - Troubleshooter (Haegyeolsa)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  46. ^ "KMDb - The Unjust (Budanggeorae)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  47. ^ "KMDb - The Berlin File (Be-reul-rin)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  48. ^ "KMDb - One Summer Night (Insaeng-eun Saeohngjima)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
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