The Ryojun Guard District (旅順要港部, Ryojun Yōkōbu) was the major navy base for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Kwantung Leased Territory before and during Second Sino-Japanese War. Located in at Ryojun 38°48′45″N 121°14′30″E / 38.81250°N 121.24167°E), (present-day Lüshunkou, China, The Ryojun Guard District was responsible for control of the strategic seaward approaches to Manchukuo and to north China and for patrols in the Yellow Sea and along the China coastlines. It was disbanded in 1943.
History edit
The Guard Districts (警備府, Keibifu) were second tier naval bases, similar to the first tier Naval Districts (鎮守府), with docking, fueling and resupply facilities, but typically lacked a shipyard or training school.[1] They tended to be established by strategic waterways or major port cities for defensive purposes.[2] In concept, the Guard District was similar to the United States Navy Sea Frontiers concept. the Guard District maintained a small garrison force of ships and Naval Land Forces which reported directly to the Guard District commander, and hosted detachments of the numbered fleets on a temporary assignment basis.
The port of Ryojun on the Kwantung Peninsula was an area with a long association with the Imperial Japanese Navy, having been first seized during the First Sino-Japanese War in December 1894. Japan was forced to abandon the port due to the Triple Intervention in February 1896, and its port facilities were soon occupied and developed by the Imperial Russian Navy as Port Arthur, Russia’s most important naval base in the Far East.
The Russian naval base was seized by Japan after the Battle of Port Arthur in August 1904 and was proclaimed the Ryojun Naval District (龍順鎮守府). However, it lacked the shipyards, armories and the training facilities associated with other naval districts, (for which it relied on Sasebo Naval District). Tasked primarily with coastal patrols of the Liaodong Peninsula and control of the strategic seaward approaches to Tianjin and Beijing, it was regarded as a prestigious posting, with its commander receiving his commission directly from the Emperor.
However, on March 14, 1914, the status of the Ryojun Naval District was reduced to that of a third echelon naval port, or yōkōbu (要港部). It served as a staging point and refueling base in World War I for operations against the Imperial German Navy’s East Asia Squadron based out of Qingdao. With the Allied victory in World War I eliminating the German threat and with the Washington Naval Treaty limiting naval forces, Ryojun Military Port was deactivated on December 1, 1922.
In April 1933, the base was reactivated, and its role expanding to include patrols and guard of the coastline of Manchukuo. On November 20, 1941 in anticipation of the coming war with the United States, Ryojun was upgraded to Guard District status.
However, on January 15, 1942, with Japan in full control of the seaward approaches to China and Manchukuo, the Guard District was again deactivated.
Order of Battle at time of the attack on Pearl Harbor edit
- Ryojun Guard District
- Minesweeper Division 32
- Shanan Maru #16
List of commanders edit
Commanding officer[3]
| Name | Dates | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Admiral Baron Yahachi Shibayama | 6 Feb 1905 – 2 Feb 1906 |
| 2 | Admiral Baron Sotaro Misu | 2 Feb 1906 – 22 Nov 1906 |
| 3 | Vice-Admiral Baron Masaaki Hashimoto | 22 Nov 1906 – 28 Aug 1908 |
| 4 | Vice-Admiral Baron Sadayasu Tomioka | 28 Aug 1908 – 1 Dec 1910 |
| 5 | Vice-Admiral Hikohachi Yamada | 1 Dec 1910 – 1 Dec 1912 |
| 6 | Vice-Admiral Hajime Sakamoto | 1 Dec 1912 – 1 Apr 1914 |
| 7 | Vice-Admiral Reijiro Kawashima | 1 Apr 1914 – 13 Dec 1915 |
| 8 | Vice-Admiral Takeshi Takarabe | 13 Dec 1915 – 1 Dec 1916 |
| 9 | Admiral Teijiro Kuroi | 1 Dec 1916 – 1 Dec 1918 |
| 10 | Vice-Admiral Tatsuo Matsumura | 1 Dec 1918 – 1 Oct 1920 |
| 11 | Vice-Admiral Naoe Nakano | 1 Oct 1920 – 1 Dec 1921 |
| 12 | Vice-Admiral Kesataro Kawahara | 1 Dec 1921 – 10 Dec 1922 |
| X | Deactivated | 10 Dec 1922 – 20 Apr 1933 |
| 13 | Vice-Admiral Shizue Tsuda | 20 Apr 1933 – 1 Jul 1933 |
| 14 | Vice-Admiral Yurikazu Edahara | 1 Jul 1933 – 15 Nov 1934 |
| 15 | Vice-Admiral Kichijiro Hamada | 15 Nov 1934 – 15 Nov 1935 |
| 16 | Admiral Hideho Wada | 15 Nov 1935 – 1 Dec 1936 |
| 17 | Vice-Admiral Masaichi Maeda | 1 Dec 1936 – 15 Nov 1938 |
| 18 | Vice-Admiral Ichiro Sato | 15 Nov 1938 – 15 Nov 1939 |
| 19 | Vice-Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya | 15 Nov 1939 – 15 Nov 1940 |
| 20 | Vice-Admiral Teruhisa Komatsu | 15 Nov 1940 – 5 Jul 1941 |
| 21 | Vice-Admiral Hidehiko Ukita | 5 Jul 1941 – 5 Jan 1942 |
Chief of Staff[3]
| Name | Dates | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vice-Admiral Chikataka Tamari | 7 Jan 1905 – 22 Nov 1906 |
| 2 | Rear-Admiral Tomokazu Takigawa | 22 Nov 1906 – 28 Aug 1908 |
| 3 | Vice-Admiral Yasutaro Egashira | 28 Aug 1908 – 1 Dec 1909 |
| 4 | Rear-Admiral Genzaburo Ogi | 1 Dec 1909 – 1 Dec 1910 |
| 5 | Vice-Admiral Tadamichi Kamaya | 1 Dec 1910 – 1 Dec 1911 |
| 6 | Rear-Admiral Sukeshiro Hanabusa | 1 Dec 1911 – 6 Dec 1911 |
| 7 | Rear-Admiral Yoshimoto Shoji | 6 Dec 1911 – 1 Dec 1912 |
| 8 | Rear-Admiral Sadaichi Hiraoka | 1 Dec 1912 – 1 Dec 1913 |
| 9 | Rear-Admiral Masaki Nakamura | 8 May 1914 – 11 May 1916 |
| 10 | Rear-Admiral Kanshiro Haji | 11 May 1916 – 1 Dec 1917 |
| 11 | Rear-Admiral Kametaro Muta | 12 Feb 1918 – 10 Nov 1918 |
| 12 | Rear-Admiral Kenkichi Wada | 20 Nov 1920 – 1 Apr 1922 |
| 13 | Vice-Admiral Kiyohiro Ijichi | 1 Apr 1922 – 10 Nov 1922 |
| X | Deactivated | 10 Dec 1922 – 20 Apr 1933 |
| 14 | Rear-Admiral Hisoharu Kubota | 20 Apr 1933 – 15 Nov 1935 |
| 15 | Vice-Admiral Chuichi Hara | 15 Nov 1935 – 1 Dec 1937 |
| 16 | Vice-Admiral Shintaro Hashimoto | 1 Dec 1937 – 15 Nov 1939 |
| 17 | Rear-Admiral Isamu Takeda | 15 Nov 1939 – 1 Nov 1940 |
| 18 | Rear-Admiral Keizo Tanimoto | 1 Nov 1940 – 5 Jan 1942 |
References edit
- ^ "Organizations of IJA&N: Glossaries". Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ "HyperWar: Japanese Naval Ground Forces (Know Your Enemy)". ibiblio.org.
- ^ a b Wendel, Axis History Database
- Prados, John (1995). Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-460-02474-4.
- Goldstein, Donald M (2004). The Pacific War Papers. Brassey. ISBN 1-57488-632-0.
External links edit
- Wendel, Marcus. "Axis History Database".
- Budge, Kent G. "Pacific War Online Database".