List of Russian exonyms

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Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places, mainly in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.


Albania edit

  Albania Albaniya (Албания)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tirana Tirana (Тирана) Tiranë Albanian

Austria edit

  Austria Avstriya (Австрия)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Carinthia Karintiya (Каринтия) Kärnten German
Styria Shtiriya (Штирия) Steiermark German
Vienna Vena (Вена) Wien German

Azerbaijan edit

  Azerbaijan Azerbaidjan (Азербайджан)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Adsiz Ada Bezımyannıy (Безымянный) Adsız ada Azerbaijani
Baku Baku (Баку) Bakı Azerbaijani
Boyuk Zira Narqin (Наргин) Böyük Zirə Azerbaijani
Vulf Volf (Вольф) Daş Zirə Azerbaijani
Pirallahi İsland Artyom, Svyatoy ostrov (Артём, Святой остров) Pirallahı adası Azerbaijani
Stepanakert Stepanakert (Степанакерт) Xankəndi Azerbaijani
Liman Port-Elich (Порт-Илич)
Ganja Yelizavetpol, Kirovabad (Елизаветпол, Кировабад) Gəncə Azerbaijani
Nakhchevan Nakhichevan (Нахичевань) Naxçıvan Azerbaijani

Belgium edit

  Belgium Bel'giya (Бельгия)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Flanders Flandriya (Фландрия) Vlaanderen Dutch

China edit

  China Kitay (Китай)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijin Pekin, Beytszyn (Пекин, Бэйцзин) 北京 (Běijīng) Mandarin
Macao Makao, Aomyn' (Макао, Аомынь) 澳门/澳門 (Àomén) Mandarin
Nanjing Nankin, Nantszin (Нанкин, Наньцзин) 南京 (Nánjīng) Mandarin

Cuba edit

  Cuba Kuba (Куба)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Havana Gavana (Гавана) La Habana Spanish

Cyprus edit

  Cyprus Kipr (Кипр)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Famagusta Famagusta (Фамагуста) Αμμόχωστος (Ammóchostos) Greek
Gazimağusa Turkish
Nicosia Nikosiya (Никосия) Lefkoşa Turkish
Λευκωσία (Levkosía) Greek

Czech Republic edit

  Czech Republic Chekhiya (Чехия)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bohemia Bogemiya (Богемия) Čechy Czech
Moravia Moraviya (Моравия) Morava Czech
Prague Praga (Прага) Praha Czech
Silesia Sileziya (Силезия) Ślōnsk Silesian

Denmark edit

  Denmark Дания/Daniya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Copenhagen Kopengagen (Копенгаген) København Danish
Jutland Yutlandiya (Ютландия) Jylland Danish

Egypt edit

  Egypt
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alexandria Alexsanriya (Александрия) (Al-Iskandariyya) الإسكندرية Arabic
Cairo Kair (Каир) (Al-Qāhirah) القاهرة Arabic
Luxor Luksor (Луксор) (Al-Uqṣur) الأقصر Arabic
Suez Suets (Суэц) (As-Suways) السويس Arabic

Estonia edit

  Estonia Эстония/Eestohnya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Narva Rugodiv (Ругодив)
Tallinn Kolyvan' (Колывань)

France edit

  France
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cannes Kanny (Канны) Canas Occitan
Nice Nitstsa (Ницца) Niça Occitan
Paris Parizh (Париж)

Germany edit

  Germany
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bavaria Bavariya (Бавария) Bayern German
Pomerania Pomeraniya (Померания) Pommern German
Prussia Prussiya (Пруссия) Preußen German
Saarland Saar (Саар)
Saxony Saksoniya (Саксония) Sachsen German
Silesia Sileziya (Силезия) Ślōnsk Silesian
Swabia Shvabiya (Швабия) Schwaben German
Westphalia Vestfaliya (Вестфалия) Westfalen German

Greece edit

  Greece Греция/Gretsiya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Athens Afiny (Афины) Athína (Αθήνα) Greek
Corfu Korfu (Корфу) Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα) Greek
Corinth Korinf (Коринф) Kórinthos (Κόρινθος) Greek
Ioannina Yanina (Янина) Ioánnina (Ιωάννινα) Greek
Piraeus Pirey (Пирей) Peiraiás (Πειραιάς) Greek
Thebes Fivy (Фивы) Thíva (Θήβα) Greek
Thessalia Fessaliya (Фессалия) Thessalía (Θεσσαλία) Greek
Thessaloniki Saloniki (Салоники) Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) Greek
Thrace Frankiy (Фракия) Thráki (Θράκη) Greek

Iran edit

  Iran
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tehran Tegeran (Тегеран) تهران (Tehrān) Persian

Israel edit

  Israel
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jerusalem Iyerusalim (Иерусалим) יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim) Hebrew
القُدس (Al-Quds) Arabic
Nazareth Nazaret (Назарет) נָצְרַת (Natsrat) Hebrew

Italy edit

  Italy
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Florence Флоренция/Florentsiya Firenze Italian
Genoa Генуя/Genuya Zêna Ligurian
Naples Неаполь/Neapol' Napule Neapolitan
Padua Падуя/Paduya Pàdova Venetian
Rome Рим/Rim Roma Italian

Latvia edit

  Latvia
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Koknese Kukeynos (Кукейнос)

Lithuania edit

  Lithuania Литва/Litva
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kaunas Kovno (Ковно) Obsolete
Vilnius Vilna, Vilno (Вильна, Вильно) Obsolete

Libya edit

  Libya Ливия/Liviya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tripoli Tripoli (Триполи) Ṭarābulus (طرابلس) Arabic

Mali edit

  Mali
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Timbuktu Timbuktu (Тимбукту) Tumbutu Western Songhay

Moldova edit

  Moldova Молдавия/Moldaviya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bălţi Bel'tsy (Бельцы)
Besarabeasca Bessarabka (Бессарабка)
Chişinău Kishinyov (Кишинёв)
Edineţ Edintsy (Единцы)
Orhei Orgeyev (Оргеев)
Otaci Ataki (Атаки)
Soroca Soroki (Сороки)
Tighina Bendery (Бендеры)

Mongolia edit

  Mongolia Монголия/Mongoliya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Sükhbaatar Sukhe-Bator (Сухэ-Батор)
Ulanbaatar Ulan-Bator (Улан-Батор)

Morocco edit

  Morocco Марокко/Marokko
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Casablanca Kasablanka (Касабланка) Ad-Dar Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء) Arabic
Tangier Tanzher (Танжер) Ṭanja (طنجة) Arabic

Netherlands edit

  Netherlands
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
The Hague Gaaga (Гаага) Den Haag Dutch

North Korea edit

  North Korea
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Pyongyang Pken'yan (Пхеньян)

Palestine edit

  Palestine
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bethlehem Vifleyem (Вифлеем) بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) Arabic
Jericho Iyerikhon (Иерихон) أريحا (Arīḥā) Arabic
Jerusalem Iyerusalim (Иерусалим) القُدس (Al-Quds) Arabic
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim) Hebrew

Poland edit

  Poland Польша/Pol'sha
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Augustów Avgustov (Августов)
Białystok Belostok (Белосток)
Galicia Galitsiya (Галиция)
Kashubia Kashubiya (Кашубия) Kaszëbë Kashubian
Łódz Lodz' (Лодзь)
Mazovia Mazoviya (Мазовия) Mazowsze Polish
Pomerania Pomerania (Померания) Pomorze Polish
Silesia Sileziya (Силезия) Ślōnsk Silesian

Portugal edit

  Portugal
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Lisbon Lissabon (Лиссабон) Lisboa Portuguese

Romania edit

  Romania Румыния/Rumyniya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bucharest Bukharest (Бухарест) Bucureşti Romanian
Iaşi Yassy (Яссы) Iaşi Romanian

Serbia edit

  Serbia Сербия/Serbiya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Belgrad Belgrad (Белград) Beograd Serbian

South Korea edit

  South Korea
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Incheon Inchkhon (Инчхон)

Sweden edit

  Sweden Швеция/Shvetsiya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Stockholm Stokgol'm, Stekolnaya (Cтокгольм, Стекольня)

Switzerland edit

   Switzerland Швейцария/Shveytsariya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Geneva Zheneva (Женева) Genève French
Lausanne Lozanna (Лозанна) Lausanne French

Syria edit

  Syria Сирия/Siriya
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Damascus Damask (Дамаск) دمشق (Dimašq) Arabic

Thailand edit

  Thailand Таиланд/Tailand
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bangkok Bangkok (Бангкок) Krung Thep (กรุงเทพฯ) Thai

Turkey edit

  Turkey Turtsiya (Турция)
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Istanbul Stambul, Tsargrad (Стамбул, Царьград) İstanbul Turkish

Turkmenistan edit

  Turkmenistan
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ashgabat Ashkhabad (Ашхабад) Aşgabat Turkmen
Garabogaz Karabogaz (Карабогаз)
Serhetabat Kushka (Кушка)

Ukraine edit

  Ukraine
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kyiv Kiev(Киев) Київ (Kyiv) Ukrainian
Mykolaiv Nikolayev (Николаев) Миколаїв (Mykolaiv) Ukrainian

United Kingdom edit

  United Kingdom
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
England Angliya (Англия)
Scotland Shotlandiya (Шотландия)

United States edit

  United States
English name Russian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
New Orleans Novyy Orlean (Новый Орлеан)
Texas Tekhas (Техас)

See also edit