The Russian civilization (Русская цивилизация) is a purported civilization formed by Russians[1][2] governed by the claimed "Russian world" (Russian: Русский мир), used as a concept in Russian nationalism and Russian irredentism.
Definitions edit
The concept takes on a different meaning depending on the author:
- according to Philip Bagby, it is one of the peripheral civilizations.[3]
- others, such as professor Vladimir Nikolayevich Leksin, consider it a myth.[4]
- According to Samuel Huntington, there is no such thing as a Russian civilization. In his view, Russian culture is a part of an Eastern Orthodox civilization.
- Toynbee regarded the Russian civilization as having modest cultural achievements, but as something complete, Danilevsky and Spengler described it more as a phenomenon of the future,[5] the latter believed that government reform of Peter the Great did not meet the traditions of a Russian civilization.[6]
- Plekhanov and Berdyaev believed that a Russian civilization occupies a border position between East and West. Solovyov believed that the mission of a Russian civilization in the unification of East and West, and the Eurasianists consider it as some third force.[7]
- Some[clarification needed] consider communism alien to traditional Russian values, others believe that the USSR was an incarnation of a traditional Russian civilization.[1][8] Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality is similar to communist partijnost' (party-mindedness, partisanship), idejnost' (ideology-mindedness) and populism.[9]
- Researcher Rumyana Cholakova (Washington University in St. Louis) considers Russian civilization to be amalgamation of Slavic culture, Tatar culture, Finno-Ugric culture, Viking culture and the Great Steppe culture of its inhabitants. According to her, the concept of Russian soul is central to Russian civilization.[10]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b М. Н. Свистунов. "РОССИЙСКАЯ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ И ПРАВОСЛАВИЕ: ДИАЛЕКТИКА ИХ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ" [Russian civilisation and Orthodoxy: the dialectic of their mutual relationships and prospects of development]. mosgu.ru (in Russian). Moscow University for the Humanities. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
'Русская цивилизация' — это характеристика цивилизации по основополагающему, коренному народу, ее создавшему - русскому народу, всегда составляющему подавляющее большинство населения страны [Translation: 'Russian civilisation is the characteristic of a civilisation according to the underlying native people which has founded it - the Russian people, which has always constituted the overwhelming majority of the population of the country].
- ^ Лексин Владимир Николаевич (2018). "Русская цивилизация и русский народ". Журнал Института Наследия. 2 (13) (Журнал Института Наследия ed.): 2.
- ^ Харченко Л. Н. (2014). Природа и цивилизация. Профильное обучение. 10–11 классы. Directmedia. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-5446098354.
- ^ Владимир Лексин (2018-01-11). "Русская цивилизация: феномен или фантом?" (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-02-24.
- ^ A. L. Kroeber (2011). Checklist of Civilizations and Culture. Transaction Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 978-1412818537.
- ^ Горелов Анатолий Алексеевич (2017). "Ф. М. Достоевский: русская идея и русский социализм". Знание. Понимание. Умение (1) (Знание. Понимание. Умение ed.): 50–66.
- ^ Кривопусков Владимир Викторович (2016). "Цивилизационные идентичности Запада и Востока: место и роль "Русского мира"". Гуманитарий Юга России. 20 (4) (Гуманитарий Юга России ed.): 224–235.
- ^ Vadim Joseph Rossman (2002). Russian Intellectual Antisemitism in the Post-Communist Era. U of Nebraska Press. p. 102. ISBN 0803239483.
- ^ Yuri Glazov (2012). The Russian Mind Since Stalin's Death. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 222. ISBN 978-9400953413.
- ^ Cholakova, Rumyana (2009-01-01). "Chinese Spirit, Russian Soul, and American Materialism: Images of America in Twentieth-Century Chinese and Russian Travelogues". All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). doi:10.7936/K79G5JVK.
Sources edit
- Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd rev. ed.), Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3