This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2016) |
In cartography and geographic information systems, rubbersheeting is a form of coordinate transformation that warps a vector dataset to match a known geographic space. This is most commonly needed when a dataset has systematic positional error, such as one digitized from a historical map of low accuracy. The mathematics and procedure are very similar to the georeferencing of raster images, and this term is occasionally used for that process as well, but image georegistration is an unambiguous term for the raster process.
Applications in history and historical geography edit
Rubbersheeting is a useful technique in HGIS, where it is used to digitize and add old maps as feature layers in a modern GIS. Before aerial photography arrived, most maps were highly inaccurate by modern standards. Rubbersheeting may improve the value of such sources and make them easier to compare to modern maps.
Software edit
- ESRI's ArcGIS 8.3+ has the capability of rubbersheeting vector data, and ArcMap 9.2+ may also rubber-sheet raster layers.
- Autodesk's AutoCAD Map 3D[1] and AutoCAD Civil 3D (which includes most of AutoCAD Map 3D's functionality) allows a user to rubbersheet vector data, and Autodesk's Raster Design (an add-in product for AutoCAD-based products) allows a user to rubbersheet raster data.[2]
- Blue Marble Geographics' Global Mapper allows a user to rubbersheet raster data.[3]
- Cadcorp Spatial Information System software (SIS Map Modeller) is offering a tool for rubbersheeting data layers.
- QGIS Georeferencer plug-in provides a number of transformation types including Thin Plate Spline, which enables full rubber-sheeting.[4] QGIS is a free open-source GIS package.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ http://docs.autodesk.com/MAP/2013/ENU/index.html AutoCAD Map 3D Reference Help - ADERSHEET command
- ^ AutoCAD Raster Design User Guide p.32 - http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/autocad_raster_design_2012_getting_started.pdf
- ^ http://www.globalmapper.com/helpv13/Help_ImageRectification.html Global Mapper Online User's Guide
- ^ "Georeferencer Plugin".
Further reading edit
- White, Marvin S. Jr.; Griffin, Patricia (January 1985). "Piecewise Linear Rubber-Sheet Map Transformation". The American Cartographer. 12 (2): 123–131. doi:10.1559/152304085783915063.
- "Image Correction". Geog 482: The Nature of Geographic Information. Penn State Department of Geography. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- "Fundamentals of georeferencing a raster dataset". ArcGIS for Desktop. ESRI. Retrieved 29 May 2015.