Rhabdophis plumbicolor, known as the green keelback or lead keelback, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae native to parts of the Indian subcontinent.[1]
| Green keelback | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Rhabdophis |
| Species: | R. plumbicolor
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhabdophis plumbicolor (Cantor, 1839)
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| Synonyms | |
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Description edit
- See snake scales for terminology used
R. plumbicolor is stout and viper-like in body structure, and about 2 ft (61 cm) in total length (including tail) when fully grown. The eye is moderately large. The rostral scale is just visible from above. The suture between the internasals is as long as that between the prefrontals or a little shorter. The frontal scale is as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little longer, as long as the parietals or a little shorter. The loreal scale is as long as deep or deeper, sometimes touching the eye. There are two preoculars scales and three or four postoculars. The temporals are 2 + 3 or 4. There are 7 scales on the upper lip (supralabials), the third and fourth touch the eye; and 4 or 5 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. The dorsal scales are strongly keeled, in 23 to 27 rows at midbody. The ventrals scutes are 144-160 in number, and the anal is usually divided. The subcaudals scales are 35-50 in number. R. plumbicolor is dull green above, uniform or with traces of black markings.[2] Young specimens show an inverted black V-mark on the neck, its apex forwards, reaching to the frontal shield, and a second much smaller one behind, the intervening space being bright yellow or orange; a black stripe from the eye to the angle of the month, and more or less regular transverse spots or cross-bars on the back and tail; belly whitish, yellow or plumbeous, rarely with darkish spots.[3]
Behavior edit
In disposition R. plumbicolor is very gentle, and in threat may flatten the neck and raise the head like a cobra while other specimens may flatten the entire body on the ground.
Diet edit
R. plumbicolor feeds mainly on toads.[3]
Geographic range and habitat edit
R. plumbicolor is found in peninsular India and Sri Lanka especially on the hills rather than on the plains. A large specimen was found at an altitude of 4,700 ft (1,400 m), in the Anaimalai Hills by Mr. W. Davison.[2] It is also found in Pune, Maharashtra, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and possibly Pakistan.[4]
Reproduction edit
Subspecies edit
Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[4]
- Rhabdophis plumbicolor palabariya Deraniyagala, 1955 – Sri Lanka
- Rhabdophis plumbicolor plumbicolor (Cantor, 1839) – Asian mainland
References edit
- ^ a b Wickramasinghe, L.J.M.; Ganesh, S.R. & Sivaruban, A. (2021). "Rhabdophis plumbicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T172626A1354716. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ a b Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Tropidonotus plumbicolor, p. 351).
- ^ a b Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). (Macropisthodon plumbicolor, p.315-316).
- ^ a b c Rhabdophis plumbicolor at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
Further reading edit
- Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Macropisthodon plumbicolor, new combination, pp. 267-268).
- Cantor TE (1839) "Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [parts 1 and 2]". Proc. Zool. Soc. London 7: 31-34, 49-55. (Tropidonotus plumbicolor, new species, p. 54). (in English and Latin).
- Jerdon TC (1853). "Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India [parts 1 and 2]". J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 22: 462-479, 522-534. (Tropidonotus plumbicolor, 530).
- Wall F (1921). Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]: Colombo Museum. (H.R. Cottle, Government Printer). xxiii + 581 pp. (Macropisthodon plumbicolor, pp. 128-134, Figures 30-31).