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Koshi Province

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For the former province of Japan, see Koshi Province (Japan).

Koshi Province (Nepali: कोशी प्रदेश) is the easternmost of the seven provinces established by the Constitution of Nepal, which was adopted on 20 September 2015.[6] The province covers an area of 25,905 km2, about 17.5% of the country's total area. With the industrial city of Biratnagar as its capital, the province covers other major eastern towns including Birtamod, Birat Chowk, Damak, Dharan, Itahari, Triyuga and Mechinagar and includes several mountains including the Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Ama Dablam. Koshi River, the largest river of the nation, circumvents the province's western boundary. Adhering to the first-past-the-post voting system issued by the Constituency Delimitation Commission, Nepal, the province hosts 28 parliamentary seats and 56 provincial seats.[7]

Koshi Province
कोशी प्रदेश
Province
Mount Everest as seen from Drukair2 PLW edit.jpg
Mount kanchanjunga.jpg
Gokyo lake 2019.jpg
Kanyam ilam.jpg
Halesi Mahadev Temple.jpg
Location of Koshi Pradesh in Nepal
Location of Koshi Pradesh in Nepal
Koshi Pradesh
Coordinates (Biratnagar): 26°27′15″N 87°16′47″E / 26.45417°N 87.27972°E / 26.45417; 87.27972Coordinates: 26°27′15″N 87°16′47″E / 26.45417°N 87.27972°E / 26.45417; 87.27972
Country   Nepal
Formation20 September 2015
Named as Koshi Pradesh1 March 2023
Named forKoshi River
CapitalBiratnagar[1]
Largest cityBiratnagar
Districts14
Government
 • TypeSelf-governing Province
 • BodyGovernment of Koshi Province
 • Chief MinisterHikmat Kumar Karki (CPN UML)
 • GovernorParshuram Khapung
 • High CourtBiratnagar High Court
 • Provincial Assembly of Koshi provinceUnicameral (93 seats)
 • Parliamentary constituency28
Area
 • Total25,905 km2 (10,002 sq mi)
 • Rank2nd
Highest elevation
(Mount Everest)
8,848 m (29,029 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Kechana Kawal)
60 m (200 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total4,972,021
 • Rank4th
 • Density190/km2 (500/sq mi)
  • Rank4th
 • Households
991,750
Demonym(s)Purbeli, Kosheli, Koshyali
Demographics
[2]
 • Religions
 • Ethnic groups
 • Sex ratio91.48 ♂ /100 ♀ (2011)
Development Parameters
[3]
 • GDP per capitaUS$1267 (3rd)
 • Poverty rate0.127[4]
 • Literacy79.7%Increase
 • Life Expectancy69
 • HDI0.553Increase (medium)
Time zoneUTC+5:45 (NST)
GeocodeNP-ON
ISO 3166 codeNP-P1
Vehicle registrationPROVINCE 1 AB XXXX
Official languageNepali

Maithili

Limbu[5]
Other Official language(s)Bantawa
GDP (Nominal)US$9 Billion (2nd)
Websitekoshi.gov.np

The province is bordered by the Tibet of China to the north, the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal to the east, and Bihar to the south, and Bagmati Province and Madhesh Province to the west.[8][9][10] According to the 2021 Nepal census, there are around 5 million people in the province, with a population density of 190 per square kilometre.[11] As per the 2011 Nepal census the province had around 4.5 million people.[12]

Etymology

The province is named Koshi after the Kosi river, which is the largest in the country. On 1 March 2023 the former temporary name of the province, Province No. 1, was changed to Koshi Province.[13] The Kosi river is significantly and culturally an important river of Nepal. The Kosi river is called Kausika in the Rigveda and Kausiki in the Mahabharata. The Kosi is associated with many ancient spiritual stories. It is mentioned in the Bal Kand section of Valmiki's Ramayana as the Kausiki who is the form assumed by Satyavati after her death. In the Ramayana Kausiki is mentioned as the younger sister of Ganges.[citation needed]

History

Further information: History of Nepal and History of Limbuwan

The most hilly and Himalayan part of this Province was the area under the Limbuwan Kingdom, including Dhankuta, Okhaldhunga, and Udayapur.

In the beginning of the 7th century, when King Mung Mawrong Hang came to prominence in the terai lands of Limbuwan (present-day Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa area). He cleared much of the forest area in present-day Rangeli, east of Biratnagar, and built a town there. He named his Kingdom Morang after his name and rose to power.[14]

Meanwhile, the Gorkha King Prithivi Narayan Shah was on a campaign to conquer all the hill kingdoms into his Empire (the Kingdom of Nepal). He attacked Limbuwan on two fronts. After the Limbuwan Gorkha War from 1771 to 1774 AD, the Limbu ministers of Morang, and Limbu rulers of the ten principalities came to an agreement with the King of Gorkha. With the Limbuwan Gorkha treaty of 1774, Limbuwan was annexed to the Kingdom of Nepal.[15]

 
Eastern Districts of Nepal in 1942

The term district has been used in various ways throughout the modern history of Nepal. At the end of the Rana regime, Nepal was divided into 32 districts. Eastern Nepal (what is now Province No. 1) was composed of the following districts:

In 1956, the Eastern districts of Nepal were grouped together into a region or kshetra called the Aruṇ Kshetra or Arun Region, after the Arun River which flows through it. The Arun Kshetra was made by combining the then five districts. The Arun Kshetra had total area of 7,000 square miles (18,000 km2) and total population was 1.1 million, or 1.1 million.[16] The five districts were:

  1. Biratnagar District: including Sunsari and Morang
  2. Dhankuta District: including Dhankuta and Sankhuwasabha
  3. Taplejung District: including Taplejung and Panchtharl
  4. Mechi District: including Ilam and Jhapa
  5. Bhojpur District: including Bhojpur and Khotang)

In 1962, the administrative system once again was changed, abolishing the kshetra system. The country was now restructured into 75 development districts or jillā and those districts were grouped together into zones or añchal.[17] In 1972, what is now called Province No. 1 was called the Eastern Development Region. It was composed of 16 districts, which were grouped into three zones.

At the cabinet meeting held on 17 January 2018, the city of Biratnagar was declared the interim capital of Province No. 1. On 6 May 2019 it was declared the permanent capital by a vote of two-thirds of the provincial assembly's MLAs.[1]

Geography

Main article: Geography of Koshi Pradesh
 
Topography of Koshi Pradesh

Koshi Pradesh covers an area of 25,905 km2.[12] The province has three-fold geographical division: Himalayan in the north, Hilly in the middle and Terai in the southern part of Nepal, varying between an altitude of 70 m and 8,848 m. Terai, extended from east to west, is made up of alluvial soil. To the west of Koshi River, in between Mahabharat Range and Churia Range, there elongates a valley called Inner Terai. Churai Range, Mahabharat Range and other hills of various heights, basins, tars, and valleys form the hilly region. Some parts of this region are favorable for agriculture but some other parts are not. The Himalayan region, in the north, consists of many mountains ranges. Mahalangur, Kumbhakarna, Umvek, Lumba Sumba and Janak being some of them. The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest (8848.86 m); and the third highest mountain, Kangchenjunga (8598 m) also lie in this province.

Nepal's lowest point, Kechana Kawal at 70 m, is located in Jhapa District of this province. There are many river basins and gentle slopes as well. Chure, Mahabharat, many basins, tars, and valleys form the Terai region. Between the Churia and Mahabharat, a low land of inner Terai exists. The Koshi River flows through the region with its seven tributaries; Indrawati, Likhu, Tamur, Dudh Kosi, Arun, Tamakoshi and Bhote Koshi (Sunkoshi). Tundra vegetables, coniferous forests, deciduous monsoon forests, and sub-tropical evergreen woods are vegetations found here. Sub-tropical, temperate, sub-temperate, and alpine and tundra types of climates are found here.

Koshi Pradesh also includes the snow fall capped peaks including Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, Makalu with Solukhumbu, Sankhuwasabha, and Taplejung districts towards the north, the jungle clad hill tracts of Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Ilam and Panchthar in the middle and the alluvial fertile plains of Udayapur, Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa. Province No. 1 includes places like Haleshi Mahadev Temple, Pathivara Temple and Barahachhetra, which are the famous religious shrines for Hindus.

Climate

Climatic conditions of Nepal vary from one place to another in accordance with their geographical features. Koshi Pradesh has three geographical folds: the lowland of Terai, the hilly region, and the Himalayas' highlands. The low land altitude is 59 m, whereas the highest point is 8848 m.

In the north, summers are cool and winters severe, while in the south, summers are tropical and winters are mild. Climatically, the southern belt of the province, the Terai, experiences a warm and humid climate. Eastern Nepal receives approximately 2,500 millimeters of rain annually. Koshi Pradesh has five seasons: spring, summer, monsoon, autumn and winter.

Average temperatures and precipitation for selected communities in Province No. 1[18]
Location August
(°F) 		August
(°C) 		January
(°F) 		January
(°C) 		Annual
Precipitation
(mm/in)
Damak 94 / 82 34 / 28 74 / 47 23 / 8 2618 /103.07
Dharan 85.1/72.3 29.5/22.4 68.4/44.4 20.2/6.9 1416/55.7
Biratnagar 83.1 28.4 60.8 16 1549.8/61
Bhadrapur 82.2 27.9 61.2 16.2 2351.9/92.6
Dhankuta 76.5 24.7 54.5 12.5 1809.5/71.2
Khandbari 74.8 23.8 52 11.1 2040.7/80.3
Ilam 71.8 22.1 50.9 10.5 2551.5/100.5
Bhojpur 69.1 20.6 46.8 8.2 2290.4/90.2
Khumbu Pasang Lhamu 56.1/38.3 13.4/3.5 33.8/-0.8 1/-18.2 645/25.4

Mountains

 
Everest and Lhotse from the south. In the foreground are Thamserku, Kantega, and Ama Dablam
 
South-west (Yalung) face of Kangchenjunga seen from Nepal

The northern part of Koshi Pradesh has the highest mountain in the world. Here is a list of mountains in Koshi Pradesh.

Mountain/peak metres feet Section Notes
Mount Everest 8,848.86 29,032 Khumbu Mahalangur   Earth's highest peak from sea level
Kanchenjunga 8,586 28,169 Northern Kangchenjunga   3rd highest on Earth
Lhotse 8,516 27,940 Everest Group   4th highest
Makalu 8,463 27,766 Makalu Mahalangur   5th highest
Cho Oyu 8,201 26,906 Khumbu Mahalangur   6th highest
Gyachung Kang 7,952 26,089 Khumbu Mahalangur   between Everest and Cho Oyu
Nuptse 7,861 25,791 Everest Group   319 metres prominence from Lhotse
Jannu 7,711 25,299 Kumbhakarna Kangchenjunga  
Kabru 7,412 24,318 Singalila Kangchenjunga  
Kirat Chuli 7,365 24,163 Kangchenjunga  
Nangpai Gosum 7,350 24,114 Khumbu Mahalangur  
Chamlang 7,321 24,019 Barun Mahalangur   #79 in the world
Pumori 7,161 23,494 Khumbu Mahalangur   First ascent 1962
Baruntse 7,129 23,389 Barun Mahalangur   First ascent 1954
Ama Dablam 6,812 22,349 Barun Mahalangur   "Mother and her necklace"
Kangtega 6,782 22,251 Barun Mahalangur   First ascent 1963
Cho Polu 6,735 22,096 Barun Mahalangur   First ascent 1999
Lingtren 6,714 22,028 Khumbu Mahalangur   First ascent 1935
Num Ri 6,677 21,906 Barun Mahalangur   First ascent 2002
Khumbutse 6,640 21,785 Khumbu Mahalangur   First mountain west of Everest
Thamserku 6,623 21,729 Barun Mahalangur   First ascent 1964
Pangboche 6,620 21,719 Kutang Himal  
Taboche 6,542 21,463 Khumbu Mahalangur   First ascent 1974
Mera Peak 6,476 21,247 Himalayas   Trekking peak
Cholatse 6,440 21,129 Khumbu Mahalangur   Connected to Taboche
Kusum Kangguru 6,367 20,889 Barun Mahalangur   Trekking peak (difficult)
Ombigaichan 6,340 20,801 Barun Mahalangur  
Kongde Ri 6,187 20,299 Barun Mahalangur   Trekking peak (difficult)
Imja Tse 6,160 20,210 Khumbu Mahalangur   Also known as Island Peak. Popular trekking peak.
Lobuche 6,145 20,161 Khumbu Mahalangur   Trekking peak
Nirekha 6,069 19,911 Khumbu Mahalangur   Trekking peak (difficult)
Pokalde 5,806 19,049 Khumbu Mahalangur   Trekking peak (moderate)
Mount Khumbila 5,761 18,901 Mahalangur   Unclimbed
Kala Patthar 5,545 18,192 Khumbu Mah   Popular hiking peak below Pumori
Gokyo Ri 5,357 17,575 Himalayas   Popular hiking peak
 
South Side: View from Mera Peak

Rivers

There are many rivers in the region that flow south from the Himalayas which are tributaries of other large rivers that join Ganga River (in India). Sapta Koshi or the Koshi is the main river of the region. Seven tributaries join the Koshi so it is called Saptkoshi.

The major rivers in the province are:

Protected Areas

Subdivisions

There are total of 137 local administrative units in this province, in which there is 1 metropolitan city, 2 sub-metropolitan cities, 46 municipalities and 88 rural municipalities.

Districts

The province is made up of the 14 following districts:

Municipality

Cities and villages are governed by municipalities in Nepal. A district may have one or more municipalities. Province No. 1 has two types of municipalities.

  1. Urban Municipality (Urban Municipality has three levels):
    1. Metropolitan city
    2. Sub-metropolitan city and
    3. Municipality
  2. Rural Municipality (Gaunpalika)

The government of Nepal has set out minimum criteria to meet city and towns. These criteria include a certain population, infrastructure, and revenues.

 
Largest cities or towns in Province No. 1
Central Bureau Statistics (2021) [1]
Rank District Pop.
 
Biratnagar
 
Itahari 		1 Biratnagar Morang 244,750  
Dharan
 
Mechinagar
2 Itahari Sunsari 198,098
3 Dharan Sunsari 173,093
4 Mechinagar Jhapa 131,520
5 Sundar Haraicha Morang 121,305
6 Birtamod Jhapa 117,355
7 Damak Jhapa 107,410
8 Triyuga Udayapur 104,375
9 Barahkshetra Sunsari 91,891
10 Arjundhara Jhapa 84,429

Administration

The first provincial assembly elections in Nepal were held on 26 November and 7 December 2017.

After the results of the recent election in Koshi province the biggest party is CPN (UML) which won 51 of 93 seats; the second biggest party is Nepali Congress which won 21 seats; the third biggest party is CPN (Maoist Center) which won 15 seats in first Provincial Assembly election.[19]

There are 56 FPTP and 37 PR seats in the province.

In a meeting on 17 January 2018 the Government of Nepal finalized the temporary capital of Province No. 1, and appointed Govinda Subba as the governor.[20]

Sher Dhan Rai was elected as Chief Minister of Province No. 1 on 14 February 2018.[21] He was a former Minister for Information and Communications. He was appointed as the chief minister, according to Article 168 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal.[21]

Infrastructure

Health Care

Koshi province stretches from Himalayan region to terai belt due to which health facilities are more viable in Terai than other parts.

 
BPKIHS, Dharan

Koshi Province has 791 public health facilities Which includes 3 Hub hospitals ( BPKIHS, Koshi Hospital) , 18 Public Hospitals , 1 Regional Medical Store , 41 Primary health centre , 648 Health Post, 34 Urban health care centre, 41 community health units and so on.

Energy

There are various power stations in Koshi province .
Mai Hydropower Station is one of station located in Illam and producing 22 MW energy & established in 2014.It is owned by Sanima Hydropower.
Puwa Khola Hydropower Station is located in Illam with capacity of 6.2 MW energy.It was established in 1999.It is owned by NEA
Chatara Hydropower Station is located in Sunsari District with production capacity of 3.2 MW energy and is owned by NEA. It was established in 1996.
Iwa Khola Hydropower Project was established in 2018–19 ByRairang Hydropower Development Company Ltd with production capacity of 9.9 MW energy.
Upper Mai Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Mai Valley Hydropower P Ltd. in 2014 having capacity of 12 MW.
Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower Station is located in Bhojpur and established by Eastern Hydropower P Ltdin 2019 having capacity of 5 MW.
Hewa Khola A Hydropower Station is located in Pachthar and established by Panchthar Power Company Pvt. Ltd. in 2018 having capacity of 14.9 MW.
Jogmai Khola Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Sanvi Energy Pvt. Ltd. in 2014 having capacity of 7.6 MW.
Upper Puwa-1 Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Joshi Hydropower Co. P. Ltd in 2013 having capacity of 3 MW.
Upper Mai-C Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Mai Valley Hydropower P.L. in 2014 having capacity of 6.1 MW.

Kabeli B1 Hydropower Station is located in Pachthar and established by Arun Kabeli Power Limited. in 2019 having capacity of 25 MW.
Lower Hewa Hydropower Station is located in Pachthar and established by Mountain Hydro Nepal (P.) Ltd in 2017 having capacity of 21.6 MW.
Mai Cascade Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Himal Dolkha Hydropower Company Pvt Ltd in 2014 having capacity of 8 MW.
Puwa Khola-1 Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Puwa Khola – 1 Hydropower Pvt. Ltd in 2014 having capacity of 4 MW.
Solu Hydropower Station is located in Solukhumbu and established by Upper Solu Hydroelectric Company Pvt Ltd in 2016 having capacity of 23.5 MW.
Molun Khola Small Hydropower Station is located in Okhaldhunga and established by Molun Hydropower Co. Pvt. Ltd in 2019 having capacity of 7 MW.
Upper Khorunga Hydropower Station is located in Tehrathum and established by Terhathum Power Company Pvt. Ltd. in 2018 having capacity of 7.5 MW.
Super Mai Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Supermai Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. in 2020 having capacity of 7.8 MW.
Super Mai-A Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Sagarmatha Jalbidhyut Company P.Ltd. in 2020 having capacity of 9.6 MW.
Super Mai Khola Cascade Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Mai Khola Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. in 2020 having capacity of 3.8 MW.

Mai Khola Small Hydropower Station is located in Illam and established by Himal Dolkha Hydropower Co Ltd. in 2008 having capacity of 4.5 MW.

duhabi Multi-fuel diesel power station is present in Sunsari with production capacity of 39 MW and was commissioned in 1997.

Provincial Assembly

Further information: Koshi Provincial Assembly

The first meeting of the provincial assembly was held on 5 February 2018 in Biratnagar and was chaired by Om Prakash Sarbagi.[22] Pradeep Kumar Bhandari was elected unopposed as the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly on 11 February 2018.[23] Saraswoti Pokharel was also elected unopposed to the post of Deputy Speaker on 15 February 2018.[citation needed]

 
Party FPTP PR Total
CPN(UML) 25 15 40
Nepali Congress 17 12 29
CPN (Maoist Centre) 9 4 13
CPN (Unified Socialist) 3 1 4
Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal - 1 1
Rastriya Prajatantra Party 2 4 6
Total 56 37 93
Source: Election Commission of Nepal

Transportation

All provinces of Nepal except Madhesh Province have difficult geographic features. Only three districts out of fourteen of Province No. 1 falls in Terai and one district falls in inner Terai. Elevation from the lowest point of Nepal, Kechana (70 m above sea level) to the highest point of world, Everest (8848 m above sea level) lies in this province, so maintaining consistent road network is one of the most challenging. Despite of those challenges, all districts are connected via road networks. Air services are available. Rail services are under construction.

Roadways

 
Road and Highway map of Koshi Province, Nepal

Almost all districts are connected by roads in Koshi Pradesh, although some roads at high altitudes are not paved and conditions of those roads worsen during the rainy season. In the hills and mountain regions, the traffic is much lighter compared to Terai regions like Jhapa and Morang due to difficult terrain.


The main highways of Koshi Pradesh connect Terai to the high altitude regions. There are feeder roads too for inter-district and in-district travel.

 
Mechi_Highway
 
Sagarmatha Highway

Airways

 
Tenzing-Hillary Airport at Lukla

Many domestic airports and air services are available in the region including one of the most geographically challenging airports, Lukla Airport.

Airports in Koshi Pradesh:

[24]











Railways

Bathnaha–Katahari
Legend
 
 
0 km
 Bathnaha
 
 
Indian custom yard
4.2 km
 
 
 
7 km
 Jogbani
Border
  India
  Nepal
5.3 km
 
Nepal custom yard
6.3 km
 
 
 
Katahari (Biratnagar)
18 km
 
 

There is a 13 km railway track which has been laid in Nepal by Indian Railways is connected to Bathnaha railway station. Bathnaha is a village situated at Araria district of Bihar state of India. A custom yard station has been built both side of the border on Bathnaha–Katahari railway section. Katahari is at distance of 18 km from Bathnaha Railway Station.[25][26] Itahari will be further connected with Katahari which is 20km at distance from Biratnagar (Katahari).[27]

Economy

Koshi being 3rd largest economy of Nepal , contributes 15% to national GDP.Koshi's GDP growth rate was estimated to be 6.5% in fiscal year 2018/19. Population under absolute poverty in Koshi is 12.4%, and the multidimensional poverty rate is 19.7%. The major contributor in economy of Koshi are:

Agriculture

Agriculture accounts for 38% of Koshi's GDP and is the main source of livelihood for 75% of the population. The province has 714 registered industries, with Agriculture and forestry industry having the highest number of registered industries 114 (15.96%). Koshi contributes 22% of the total paddy production of Nepal and 29.3% of the national maize production.

Tourism

The province has the following tourist attractions

Sports

Koshi province has wide audience and sportsperson in the Province. Also, It has been a pioneer in organising night matches. Inaruwa, sunsari had organised first night cricket in Nepal.[28] Similarly, First night football was organised in Duhabi, Sunsari in 31 march 2018.[29]

The provincial teams take part in various games inside and outside Nepal.[30]The team also comprises Men as well as women.The overall sports in province is administered by Province 1 Sports Department.

There are numerous stadium in Koshi are:

Major football cups includes

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1981 2,954,510—    
1991 3,520,335+1.77%
2001 4,201,795+1.79%
2011 4,534,943+0.77%
2021 4,972,021+0.92%
Sources:[31]

Total population of the province according to 2011 Nepal census was 4,543,943 comprising 2,368,407 women (52%).[32] There are 992,445 households[33]

Religion

Religion in Koshi Pradesh

  Hinduism (66.63%)
  Kirat Mundhum (17.14%)
  Buddhism (9.20%)
  Islam (3.59%)
  Christianity (1.72%)
  Prakṛti (1.33%)
  Other or not religious (0.39%)

Hinduism is the major religion of the province. Kirat Mundhum is the second major religion of the province. 67% of the total population are Hindus, 17% are Kirantis, 9% are Buddhists, 4% are Muslims, and others make up 1%.

Ethnic groups

Ethnicity/caste of Koshi Pradesh

  Chhetri (14.58%)
  Madheshi (14.26%)
  Hill Brahmin (11.98%)
  Rai (11.26%)
  Limbu (8.01%)
  Tamang (4.62%)
  Magar (4.13%)
  Tharu (4.10%)
  Newar (3.68%)
  Musalman (3.55%)
  Kami (3.27%)
  Rajbanshi (2.47%)
  Other Janajati (7.97%)
  Dalits (3.81%)
  Others (2.31%)

The province is very ethnically diverse. The largest group is the Chhetri, making up 14.58% of the population. Followed by Madheshi with (14.26%). Next is Hill Brahmin (11.98%). Other Khas Arya groups are the Kami (3.27%) and Damai (1.78%). The Janajati groups are the Rai (11.26%), Limbu (8.01%), Tamang (4.62%), Magar (4.13%), Newar (3.68%), Sherpa (1.40%) and Gurung (1.36%). Some Terai groups include Tharu (4.10%), Musalman (3.55%), Rajbanshi (2.47%), Musahar (1.35%), Yadav (1.30%) and Santal (1.11%).[34]

Language

Languages of Koshi Pradesh (2011)[34]

  Nepali (42.53%)
  Maithili (20.46%)
  Limbu (7.27%)
  Tamang (3.89%)
  Tharu (3.87%)
  Magar (3.20%)
  Bantawa (2.88%)
  Urdu (2.0%)
  Rajbanshi (2.66%)
  Rai (2.63%)
  Newar (1.69%)
  Chamling (1.65%)
  Sherpa (1.47%)
  Santali (1.07%)
  Others (2.73%)

Nepali language is lingua franca of the province and is the mother tongue of 42.53% of the population. Maithili is spoken by 20.46.1% of the population and is the second largest language. 7.27% of the population speaks Limbu, 3.89% Tamang, 3.87% Tharu, 3.20% Magar, 2.88% Bantawa, 2.0% Urdu, 2.66% Rajbanshi, 2.63% Rai, 1.69% Newar, 1.65% Chamling, 1.47% Sherpa, 1.07% Santali.[34]

The Language Commission of Nepal has recommended Limbu and Maithili as official language in the province. The commission has also recommended Tharu, Tamang, Magar, Bantawa, Urdu, Rajbanshi, Nepal Bhasa, Chamling, Sherpa and Santhali to be additional official languages, for specific regions and purposes in the province.[5]

Education

71.22% of the total population of the province can read and write mean educated.[35]

Notable people

Dr. Sanduk Ruit- God of Sight

KP Sharma Oli, Former Prime minister

Bidya Devi Bhandari, Current President of Nepal

Pramod Kharel, Singer

Rachana Rimal, Singer

Namrata Shrestha , Actress & Model

Manita Devkota, Miss Nepal Universe 2018

Rajendra Prasad Lingden, chairman of RPP

Malvika Subba , Miss Nepal 2002

Malina Joshi, Miss Nepal 2011

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "प्रदेश १ राजधानी: विराटनगरको पक्षमा दुईतिहाई, नाम टुंगो लागेन" [Province No. 1 Capital: Two third of MLA voated in faviour of Biratnagar]. Annapurna Post (in Nepali). 6 May 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  2. ^ "NepalMap profile: Province No. 1".
  3. ^ "NID | Overview".
  4. ^ "Province Wise Multidimensional Poverty Index".
  5. ^ a b "सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८" (PDF). Language Commission. Language Commission. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  6. ^ "Nepal Provinces". statoids.com. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
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