Portal:Egypt

The Egypt Portal Location of Egypt Egypt (/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر‎ Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in the northeast corner of Africa, whose territory in the Sinai Peninsula extends beyond the continental boundary with Asia, as traditionally defined. Egypt is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, Libya to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Nubian. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority. From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers: The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation, nationalized the British-held Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk and his family, and declared itself a republic. In 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel. The country continues to face challenges, from political unrest, including the recent 2011 revolution and its aftermath, to terrorism and economic underdevelopment. Egypt's current government is a semi-presidential republic headed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, which has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian. Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 95 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Selected article - Al-Azhar University (/ˈɑːzhɑːr/ AHZ-har; Arabic: جامعة الأزهر (الشريف)‎, IPA: [ˈɡæmʕet elˈʔɑzhɑɾ eʃʃæˈɾiːf], "the (honorable) University of Al-Azhar") is a university in Cairo, Egypt. Associated with Al-Azhar Mosque in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is renowned as "Sunni Islam’s most prestigious university". In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students. As of 1996, over 4000 teaching institutes in Egypt were affiliated with the University. Founded in 970 or 972 by the Fatimids as a centre of Islamic learning, its students studied the Qur'an and Islamic law in detail, along with logic, grammar, rhetoric, and how to calculate the phases of the moon. It was one of the first universities in the world, and the only one in the Arabic world to survive as a modern university including secular subjects in the curriculum. Today it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. In 1961 additional non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum. Read more... General images - The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia. The Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo, of Ahmad Ibn Tulun The pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt. Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the Egyptian Museum. Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a commemoration of the ancient Library of Alexandria The Seated Scribe from Saqqara, Fifth dynasty of Egypt; scribes were elite and well educated. They assessed taxes, kept records, and were responsible for administration. Hieroglyphs on a funerary stela in Manchester Museum Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919 Frontispiece of Description de l'Égypte, published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829. The Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth caliph, as renovated by Dawoodi Bohra Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 Early tomb painting from Nekhen, c. 3500 BC, Naqada, possibly Gerzeh, culture Sahl Hasheesh, a resort town near Hurghada. The Narmer Palette depicts the unificationof the Two Lands. Anubis was the ancient Egyptian god associated with mummification and burial rituals; here, he attends to a mummy. Measuring and recording the harvest is shown in a wall painting in the tomb of Menna, at Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty). Amenemhat III, the last great ruler of the Middle Kingdom Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun. Mummy of Ramesses II Governorates of Egypt 1. Matrouh2. Alexandria3. Beheira4. Kafr El Sheikh5. Dakahlia6. Damietta7. Port Said8. North Sinai9. Gharbia10. Monufia11. Qalyubia12. Sharqia13. Ismailia14. Giza15. Faiyum16. Cairo17. Suez18. South Sinai19. Beni Suef20. Minya21. New Valley22. Asyut23. Red Sea24. Sohag25. Qena26. Luxor27. Aswan The Suez Canal. Cairo International Stadium Seagoing ship from Hateshepsut's Deir el-Bahari temple relief of a Punt Expedition Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 The Cairo Metro (line 2) The Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. The Weighing of the Heart from the Book of the Dead of Ani Cairo grew into a metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million Tourists at the pyramid complex of Khafre near the Great Sphinx of Giza A crowd at Cairo Stadium to watch the Egypt national football team. Nile valley near Luxor. The Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west. The Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. The High Court of Justice in Downtown Cairo. Astronomical chart in Senemut's tomb, 18th dynasty The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. Punishment in ancient Egypt The battle of Tel el-Kebir in 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War Karnak temple's hypostyle halls are constructed with rows of thick columns supporting the roof beams. The Ka statue provided a physical place for the Ka to manifest. Ancient Egyptian medical instruments depicted in a Ptolemaic period inscription on the temple at Kom Ombo The Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, at the Temple of Dendera. Muhammad Ali was the founder of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Egypt Exports by Product (2014) from Harvard Atlas of Economic Complexity Rocky landscape in Marsa Alam. Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the Project for Public Spaces The maximum territorial extent of ancient Egypt (15th century BC) Muizz Street. Old Cairo has the greatest concentration of medieval architectural treasures in the Islamic world. Khafre Enthroned The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus (c. 16th century BC) describes anatomy and medical treatments and is written in hieratic. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is the current President of Egypt. The Bust of Nefertiti, by the sculptor Thutmose, is one of the most famous masterpieces of ancient Egyptian art. Cairo University. Smart Village, a business district in 6 October established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses. The Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. Four colossal statues of Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple Abu Simbel 57357 Hospital Egypt's population density (people per km2). A chariot Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the Yom Kippur War, 1973 A typical Naqada II jar decorated with gazelles. (Predynastic Period) Egyptian soldier of the Achaemenid army, c. 480 BCE. Xerxes I tomb relief. The Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognized as the oldest in Africa Glassmaking was a highly developed art. Statues depicting lower-class ancient Egyptian occupations The ancient Egyptians maintained a rich cultural heritage complete with feasts and festivals accompanied by music and dance. Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated pro-Morsi protesters holding the Rabia sign in a protest in September 2013. Suad Husni, film star. British infantry near El Alamein, 17 July 1942 A stone statue of Hatshepsut Napoleon defeated the Mamluk troops in the Battle of the Pyramids, 21 July 1798, painted by Lejeune. Saint Catherine in southern Sinai, on a snowy winter morning. Egyptian honor guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen Tanoura dancer performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo. Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field. Ostraca of hunting a lion with a spear, aided by a dog Sennedjem plows his fields with a pair of oxen, used as beasts of burden and a source of food. Celebrating the signing of the 1978 Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Suez Canal Bridge. Kushari, one of Egypt's national dishes. President el-Sisi with US President Donald Trump, 21 May 2017 Arabic Calligraphy has seen its golden age in Cairo. This adornment and beads being sold in Muizz Street The Rosetta stone (ca 196 BC) enabled linguists to begin the process of hieroglyph decipherment. The weighing of the heart scene from the Book of the Dead. A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of Nakht. Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period (c. 3150 BC to 30 BC) Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the Land of Punt St. Mark Coptic Cathedral in Alexandria Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supports neither the Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 Alexander the Great, 100 BC – 100 AD, 54.162, Brooklyn Museum Did you know... ... that the ancient Egyptian temples of Dakka, Maharraqa, Wadi es-Sebua, Amada, and Derr were all dismantled in the 1960s and rebuilt elsewhere, to avoid the rising waters of Lake Nasser created by the Aswan Dam? ... that Maimonides Synagogue in Cairo is named for the famous Jewish philosopher, rabbi and physician Maimonides (pictured)? ... that in ancient Egypt, servants of the pharaohs would agree to be sacrificed to provide their care in the afterlife? Related portals Geography Africa History Ancient Egypt All Africa-related portals Selected biography - Pope Shenouda III Pope Shenouda III (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ʃeˈnuːdæ]; Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲅ̅   Papa Abba Šenoude pimah šoumt; Arabic: بابا الإسكندرية شنودة الثالث‎ Bābā al-Iskandarīyah Shinūdah al-Thālith; 3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012;) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His episcopate lasted 40 years, 4 months, and 4 days from 14 November 1971 until his death on 17 March 2012. His official title was Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. He was also the head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. He was a conservative figure within the Church and was also respected within the Muslim community. Read more... Selected cuisine - Laban rayeb is a type of curdled skim milk made in Lower Egypt. It may be drunk fresh or may be used to make areesh cheese, which in turn is used to make mish. There is evidence that it was made by the ancient Egyptians. Read more... WikiProjects WikiProject Egypt WikiProject Ancient Egypt WikiProject Africa WikiProject Arab world WikiProject Geography WikiProject History WikiProject Ancient Near East Religion work group Categories Select [►] to view subcategories ▼ Egypt ► Egypt-related lists ► Buildings and structures in Egypt ► Egyptian culture ► East Port Said Industrial Zone ► Economy of Egypt ► Education in Egypt ► Environment of Egypt ► Geography of Egypt ► Government of Egypt ► Health in Egypt ► History of Egypt ► Organisations based in Egypt ► Egyptian people ► Politics of Egypt ► Egyptian society ► Images of Egypt ► Egypt stubs Egypt topics Things you can do Here are some open tasks you can do: Expand a stub in the Category:Egypt stubs. Improve articles that need attention. 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