Plasmodium relictum

Plasmodium relictum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Aconoidasida
Order:	Haemospororida
Family:	Plasmodiidae
Genus:	Plasmodium
Species:	P. relictum
Binomial name
	Plasmodium relictum; Grassi & Feletti, 1891
Synonyms
	Haemamoeba majoris Laveran, 1902 (partim); Haemamoeba relicta Grassi and Feletti, 1891; Haemoproteus alaudae Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 (partim); Plasmodium alaudae (Celli and Sanfelice, 1891) emend. Garnham, 1966; Plasmodium biziurae (Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910) emend. Coatney and Roudabush, 1936; Plasmodium capistrani Russell, 1932; Plasmodium chloropsidis Mello, 1935; Plasmodium grassii Labbé, 1894, emend. Coatney and Roudabush, 1936; Plasmodium inconstans Hartman, 1927; Plasmodium maior Raffaele, 1930; Plasmodium majoris Lühe, 1906; Plasmodium muniae (Das Gupta and Siddons, 1941) emend. Garnham, 1966; Plasmodium paddae Brumpt, 1935; Plasmodium passeris Johnston and Cleland, 1909; Plasmodium pericrocoti Chakravarty and Kar, 1945; Plasmodium ploceii Chakravarty and Kar, 1945; Plasmodium praecox var. muniae Das Gupta and Siddons, 1941; Plasmodium relictum biziurae Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910, emend. Garnham, 1966; Plasmodium relictum capistranoae Russell, 1932, emend. Garnham, 1966; Plasmodium relictum spheniscidae Fantham and Porter, 1944, emend. Garnham, 1966; Plasmodium relictum var. spheniscidae Fantham and Porter, 1944; Proteosoma biziurae Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910; Proteosoma grassii Labbé, 1894;

Plasmodium relictum is a species in the genus Plasmodium, subgenus Haemamoeba.

It is a parasite, and the most common cause of malaria in birds.^[3]

Like all Plasmodium species, P. relictum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.^[3]

Distribution edit

P. relictum is geographically widespread, and is the most widespread malaria parasite of birds.^[2] Climate change is broadening its distribution further and is expected to continue to do so, including into higher elevations.^[3]

Hosts edit

Avian edit

P. relictum infects a wide variety of birds including birds from various orders. Infections in numerous wild birds and experimental animals have been described including partridges, canaries, chickens, ducks, pigeons^[2] and Spheniscus magellanicus (Magellanic penguins).^[4]^[5]^: 89^: 595^: 596 Experimental attempts to infect owls were not successful, suggesting owls may not be susceptible to P. relictum.^[2]

Vector edit

Culex quinquefasciatus, Cu. stigmatosoma and Cu. tarsalis.^[1]^[3]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x "Plasmodium relictum". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Valkiunas, Gediminas (28 October 2004). Avian Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia. CRC Press. p. 592. ISBN 9780203643792.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d LaPointe, Dennis A.; Atkinson, Carter T.; Samuel, Michael D. (2012). "Ecology and conservation biology of avian malaria". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1249 (1). NYAS (WB): 211–226. Bibcode:2012NYASA1249..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06431.x. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 22320256. S2CID 1885904.
^ Braga, Érika Martins; Silveira, Patricia; Belo, Nayara Oliveira; Valkiūnas, Gediminas (2011). "Recent advances in the study of avian malaria: an overview with an emphasis on the distribution of Plasmodium spp in Brazil". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 106 (suppl 1). FapUNIFESP (SciELO): 3–11. doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000900002. hdl:1807/58966. ISSN 0074-0276. PMID 21881752. S2CID 18213564.
^ Valkiūnas, Gediminas (2005). Avian Malaria Parasites And Other Haemosporidia. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. x+932+III Plates. ISBN 978-0-415-30097-1. OCLC 55066316. ISBN 978-0-203-64379-2. OCLC 70294116.

External links edit

"How Malaria Hurts Birds". Audubon Society. 2015-06-16. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Diseases of Terrestrial Wildlife (2018-10-18). "Avian Malaria". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

This Plasmodium-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[CABI-ISC-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x "Plasmodium relictum". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

[CRC-2] Valkiunas, Gediminas (28 October 2004). Avian Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia. CRC Press. p. 592. ISBN 9780203643792.

[LaPointe-et-al-2012-3] LaPointe, Dennis A.; Atkinson, Carter T.; Samuel, Michael D. (2012). "Ecology and conservation biology of avian malaria". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1249 (1). NYAS (WB): 211–226. Bibcode:2012NYASA1249..211L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06431.x. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 22320256. S2CID 1885904.

[Braga-et-al-2011-4] Braga, Érika Martins; Silveira, Patricia; Belo, Nayara Oliveira; Valkiūnas, Gediminas (2011). "Recent advances in the study of avian malaria: an overview with an emphasis on the distribution of Plasmodium spp in Brazil". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 106 (suppl 1). FapUNIFESP (SciELO): 3–11. doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000900002. hdl:1807/58966. ISSN 0074-0276. PMID 21881752. S2CID 18213564.

[Valkiunas-2005-5] Valkiūnas, Gediminas (2005). Avian Malaria Parasites And Other Haemosporidia. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. x+932+III Plates. ISBN 978-0-415-30097-1. OCLC 55066316. ISBN 978-0-203-64379-2. OCLC 70294116.

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